Cu担载量对Cu/ACF吸附-催化氧化苯酚性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法成功制备了活性炭纤维负载铜(Cu/ACF)催化剂,运用XRD、ICP-AES、XPS、TG-MS以及N_2吸附等方法对Cu/ACF吸附-催化剂进行表征,并探讨了催化剂中Cu担载量对苯酚催化氧化的影响.结果表明:ACF自身没有催化氧化苯酚的活性;Cu担载量分别为1%和3%的Cu/ACF在苯酚吸附饱和后的催化氧化过程中,氧化产物以某种中间化合物形态残留在催化剂表面,随着温度的升高最终将与炭纤维一起烧蚀;Cu担载量为5%的Cu/ACF所吸附的苯酚可被氧化成CO-_2和H_2O,初始氧化温度为315℃,5次循环吸附-催化氧化后苯酚吸附量趋于稳定,表现出良好的稳定性.     

电化学联用技术降解活性蓝19染料的研究

采用活性炭纤维(ACF)阴极电芬顿和Ti/RuO_2-IrO_2(DSA)阳极间接氧化联用技术(EF-IE)对活性蓝19(RB19)染料废水进行降解研究,考察了不同反应条件对EF-IE联用技术处理RB19染料废水降解过程动力学的影响,并采用响应面优化法对运行条件进行优化。结果显示,当采用ACF+DSA时,RB19降解效果最好,降解过程符合准一级反应动力学模型;实验最佳条件是Fe~(2+)浓度0.92mmol/L,Cl-浓度12.14mmol/L,电流密度19.38mA/cm2。EI-IE联用技术是处理RB19的一种有效方法,通过响应面模型的研究,可以对EI-IE联用技术是处理RB19的结果进行预测。     

α-Fe2O3/CuO/rGO非均相芬顿催化剂的制备及其降解苯酚的性能

采用改进的Hummers法制得氧化石墨烯(GO),与FeSO₄在120 ℃下回流还原,再通过浸渍Cu(NO₃)₂、煅烧得到α-Fe₂O₃/CuO/rGO非均相芬顿催化材料,并对材料进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析.以苯酚为目标污染物,研究α-Fe₂O₃/CuO/rGO复合材料对苯酚的催化降解性能.结果表明:在pH=5.8,双氧水的初始浓度为40 mmol/L,催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L条件下,降解90 min时,α-Fe₂O₃/CuO/rGO对0.1 g/L苯酚的去除率达到100%;在降解180 min时TOC的去除率约70%,说明α-Fe₂O₃/CuO/rGO对苯酚有较高的矿化效率,是一种具有应用前景的芬顿催化剂.     

电芬顿降解X3B中Fe2+/Fe3+催化循环行为

以具有高比表面积的活性炭纤维毡（ACF）为阴极,通过电芬顿反应降解艳红染料X3B,考察了X3B降解反应动力学和初始催化剂的离子形态对其降解效果的影响,并采用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和紫外可见分光光度法（UV-Vis）测定了反应过程中电极表面和溶液中Fe2＋/Fe3＋的含量.结果表明：X3B降解符合一级动力学反应机理,初始催化剂离子形态对降解效果影响不显著,ACF表面和溶液中Fe2＋/Fe3＋的转化规律一致.     

非均相电芬顿技术降解抗生素废水的研究进展

抗生素废水污染如今已成为全球最为严峻的环境问题之一,对人类的生存和生态系统的平衡都具有巨大的威胁。非均相电芬顿法作为一种可以降解抗生素污染物的高级氧化技术(advanced oxidation process, AOPs),因其氧化效率高、氧化性能强、不易产生二次污染等优点而受到广泛关注。从反应机理、催化剂、阴极材料3个方面概述了非均相电芬顿技术降解抗生素废水的研究现状和存在问题,最后对非均相电芬顿技术降解抗生素废水发展方向做出展望。     

电聚合固定化介体催化强化2,6-二硝基甲苯生物还原

难生物降解的水溶性氧化还原介体会随出水而流失,造成二次污染.采用活性炭毡(ACF)电极上电聚合吡咯单体掺杂蒽醌二磺酸盐技术制备的固定化氧化还原介体,AQDS/PPy/ACF,考察了其作为一种新型固态介体催化2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)生物还原的可行性.结果表明,基体材料对聚吡咯复合材料的表面形貌特性影响很大,在铂片上形成的聚吡咯呈菜花状,而在ACF上则呈现微球状;AQDS/PPy/ACF对2,6-DNT具有较强的生物催化活性和催化稳定性;它的加入可使2,6-DNT的生物还原速率提高近4倍,一级降解动力学常数达到0.0345h-1;在该反应体系中,2,6-DNT首先被还原为中间产物2-氨基-6-硝基甲苯(2-A-6-NT),后者再被还原为终产物2,6-二氨基甲苯(2,6-DAT).     

臭氧化处理负载对硝基苯酚的活性炭纤维

基于废活性炭纤维(activated carbon fiber,ACF)会对环境造成二次污染的问题,对介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)臭氧发生器产生的臭氧(O3)处理负载对硝基苯酚(p-nitrophenol,PNP)的ACF进行了研究.考察了PNP负载量、废ACF湿基水的质量分数、O3质量浓度和处理时间对PNP降解率和臭氧利用效率的影响.结果表明,在PNP负载量为220.0 mg/g,废ACF湿基水的质量分数为15%,O3质量浓度为7.4 mg/L,处理时间60 min的实验条件下,PNP降解率高达88.8%.旨在探索一种经济高效的废ACF处理方法,以期为废ACF处理技术提供新思路和新方法.     

Fe/S耦合催化剂的合成及其芬顿催化性能

采用低温真空冷冻干燥方法,以FeSO4和Na2 S为原料合成了含NaFe2 OH(SO3)2·H2 O、FeS和FeS2等主要成分的复合物芬顿催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对材料进行了表征,并以苯酚为目标污染物,研究该催化剂对苯酚的催化降...     

活性炭纤维吸附苯酚影响因素的研究

用活性炭纤维(ACF)对溶液中苯酚进行吸附处理,考察了ACF用量、苯酚的初始浓度、pH、含盐量和温度对吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,随着ACF用量的增加,苯酚的去除率升高,但吸附容量也逐渐降低,实验选用ACF用量为0.2 g;苯酚溶液初始浓度越高,ACF的吸附容量越大;pH为3时,ACF吸附苯酚的效果最好;随着苯酚溶液中含盐的量增加,苯酚的去除率呈现逐渐下降的趋势;温度越高,ACF的吸附容量越小.     

载硫活性炭纤维(ACF/S)吸附脱除模拟焚烧烟气中的铅

在不同浓度的硫溶液中, 通过化学浸渍方法将单质硫负载到活性炭纤维(ACF)表面, 得到活性炭纤维负载硫(ACF/S)材料。在不同气氛下(HCl, SO₂, HCl+SO₂)的垃圾焚烧模拟烟气中, 以ACF/S对烟气铅进行吸收实验, 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析研究其对铅的去除机理。结果表明, ACF/S中的单质硫大多富集在ACF表面, 对ACF比表面积影响不大, 但明显提高了ACF对铅的去除效果。此外, 在不同的烟气氛围(HCl, SO₂, HCl+SO₂)中, ACF/S均对烟气铅均有较好的捕集效果, 对颗粒铅捕集率均达到65%以上, 对气态铅均达到80%以上。因此, 利用硫改性活性炭纤维提高焚烧烟气中的铅的捕集率是可行的。     

Degradation of organic pollutants by a Co3O4-graphite composite electrode in an electro-Fenton-like system

A novel composite electrode was constructed by pressing together Co3O4 and graphite and it was used as the cathode in an electro-Fenton-like (EFL) system. The poor electron transport characteristic of Co3O4 was overcome by incorporating graphite. In situ electro-catalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) occurred at high current efficiencies from pH 2-10, extending the traditional Fenton reaction pH range. Cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectrometry were used to characterize the composite electrode. The ability of the EFL system to degrade organic compounds was investigated using sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as probes. Decoloration of SRB (1.0×10-5 mol/L) was complete (100%) in 150 min and SRB was effectively degraded from pH 2-10. The decomposition of SRB was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and results indicated that the final degradation products were carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids and amines. The EFL system also decomposed 2,4-DCP and the degradation was 98.6% in 240 min. Electro-catalytic degradation of SRB occurs by a ·OH mechanism. After 5 times reused, the degradation rate of SRB did not significantly slow down. The electrode shows excellent potential for use in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to treat persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wastewater.     

石墨相氮化碳表面包覆改善锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2电化学性能的研究

通过简单的固相法和液相法,分别制备出石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）表面改性的商品化LiCoO₂复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜观察改性后的材料,发现g-C₃N₄都均匀地包裹在LiCoO₂表面。两种g-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料被用作锂离子电池的正极材料,电化学测试结果显示,固相法制得的g-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料在0.2 C的倍率下充放电测试,首次比容量达167 mA·h·g^-1,循环80次后,比容量仍达132 mA·h·g^-1,高于未经g-C₃N₄包裹的纯LiCoO₂（98 mA·h·g^-1）;液相法制得的Y-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料循环稳定性明显优于同类材料,循环80次后容量保持率均在95%以上。试验证实,g-C₃N₄表面改性的策略具有一定的实用价值,改性后,材料优异的电化学性能归因于g-C₃N₄的包裹处理,这不仅增强了固体电解质界面（SEI）的稳定性,也抑制了锂离子嵌入/脱出电极材料时引起LiCoO₂体积的变化。     

TiO2/ACF光催化降解水中苯酚的研究

研究了TiO2/ACF光催化剂的制备与表征，并对催化剂的活性以及光源种类和H2O2对TiO2/ACF光催化降解苯酚的影响进行了研究，结果发现：以涂覆法制得的TiO2/ACF光催化剂在废水处理方面有其独特的优点；添加少量H2O2和采用短波长光源均有利于苯酚的降解；254nm和365nm光催化降解苯酚的机理不同。     

Composite cathode and anode films for rechargeable lithium batteries

Recently the rechargeable Li and Li-ion polymer batteries have improved due to development of Li-ion conductive gel electrolytes and of high energe granting intercalation compounds. In our laboratory the composite cathodic film, the composite carbon anode film and PVC-based electralyte film were successfully prepared by casting procedures. Cycling experiments of the cells with Li or composite carbon anode in contact with PVC-based electrolyte and composite cathode were performed. Relatively good performance of the cell with Li anode, the composite cathode and LiPF₆-EC-DEC electrolyte was achieved in that over 50 cycles were possible with minimal capacity loss upon cycling. The same cell with PVC-based electrolyte was cycled over 20 cycles. Replacing Li anode by composite carbon anode, the cell behaved like the latter. It is found that appropriate amount of carbon content is helpful to improving specific capacity.     

电化学法生成Fenton试剂处理苯酚模拟废水的试验研究

用电解法对苯酚废水进行了处理.以活性炭纤维为阴极,铁为阳极,并向阴极不断通入空气,电解过程中生成的H2O2与阳极溶解的Fe2 形成Fenton试剂,Fenton试剂在电解的过程中可以产生大量活性羟基OH,能够很好地氧化降解废水中的苯酚.在最佳试验条件下,苯酚的去除率能够达到90%以上,取得了很好的去除效果,并且有效地降低了Fenton试剂的成本.     

Catalytic oxidation of phenol in wastewater-A new application of the amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy

The amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy was used as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst in the process of phenol degradation.The influences of main operating parameters such as reaction temperature,catalyst amount,hydrogen peroxide dosage and initial pH of solution on phenol degradation rate were investigated.The maximum mineralization of phenol was achieved at 60°C,6 g/L Fe78Si9B13, 0.31 mol/L hydrogen peroxide,with an initial pH of 2.5.More than 99%of phenol was completely removed under the optimum conditions within 10 min for a solution containing 1000 mg/L of phenol.Batch experiments for solutions containing phenol con- centrations ranging from 50 to 2000 mg/L were investigated under the above conditions and the same excellent degradation rate was obtained.The Fe78Si9B13 showed better catalytic activity than iron powder and Fe 2+ .Addition of n-butannol(hydroxyl radical scavenger)decreased the degradation rate of phenol,which demonstrates that hydroxyl radicals were mainly responsible for the removal of phenol.We demonstrated that phenol may be degraded by hydroxyl radicals decomposed by hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Fe78Si9B13 and illustrated the reaction mechanism for this process.This amorphous alloy exhibited high stability in recycling experiments and showed excellent reuse performance even after continuous operations of 8 cycles.     

Effect of La0.8Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ morphology on the performance of composite cathodes

In the present work,one dimensional La0.8Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3 δ(LSCF) nanofibers with the mean diameter of about 100 nm prepared by electrospinning were deposited on Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9(GDC) electrolyte followed by sintering to form one dimensional LSCF nanofiber cathode. And LSCF/GDC composite cathodes were formed by introducing GDC phases into LSCF nanofiber scaffold using infiltration method. The polarization resistances for the composite cathode with an optimal LSCF/GDC mass ratio of 1/0.56 are 0.27,0.14 and 0.07 Ω cm2at 650,700 and750 1C,respectively,which are obviously smaller than 2.26,0.78 and 0.29 Ω cm2of pure LSCF nanofiber cathode. And the activation energy is1.194 eV,which is much lower than that of pure LSCF nanofiber cathode(1.684 eV). These results demonstrate that the infiltration of GDC into LSCF nanofiber scaffold is an effective approach to achieve high performance cathode for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs). In addition,the performance of composite cathode in this work was also compared with that of our previous nanorod structured LSCF/GDC composite cathode.     

溶解氧对活性炭纤维吸附酚类化合物的影响

研究了水溶液中的溶解氧对苯酚、邻甲酚等在活性炭纤维上吸附的影响．结果表明，无论有氧还是微氧，苯酚和邻甲酚在活性炭纤维上的吸附服从Freundlich等温吸附式，有氧时的Freundlich常数κ值比微氧时大2倍；由于溶解氧的作用，活性炭纤维对酚类化合物的平衡吸附量显增加，酚类在活性炭纤维表面发生氧化聚合作用、生成苯酚的低聚物如二聚物等；改变吸附温度或搅拌溶液也引起苯酚在活性炭纤维上吸附行为的变化，这是因为改变了氧在溶液中的溶解量或在活性炭纤维表面的浓度．溶解氧对亚甲基蓝等在活性炭纤维上的吸附没有影响．