湿地松和马尾松针叶精油的比较

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了马尾松和湿地松的针叶精油，用GC及GC-MS联用仪对它们进行了定量和定性分析．研究表明马尾松针叶油中约含67种化学成份，湿地松针叶油中约含有74种化学成份．马尾松针叶油中α-蒎烯含量高于湿地松针叶油，但后者的β-蒎烯含量却高于前者．     

湿地松和马尾松针叶精油的比较

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了马尾松和湿地松的针叶精油,用GC及GC—MS联用仪对它们进行了定量和定性分析。研究表明马尾松针叶油中约含67种化学成份,湿地松针叶油中约含有74种化学成份。马尾松针叶油中α-蒎烯含量高于湿地松针叶油,但后者的β-蒎烯含量却高于前者。     

6种外生菌根菌对3种松苗叶绿素含量及 叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探讨菌根菌对宿主植物光合性能的影响,研究了6种经外生菌根菌(美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)、华美牛肝菌(Boletus speciosus)、彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius)、黄色须腹菌(Rhizopogen luteous)、紫金蜡蘑(Laccaria aemthystea)、黄豹斑鹅(Amanita pantherina))处理的马尾松、湿地松和黑松菌根苗针叶的叶绿素含量差异 和针叶叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明：6种外生菌根菌能明显提高马尾松、湿地松和黑松菌根苗针叶中的叶绿素含量及其主要叶绿素荧光参数(ФPSⅡ、ETR)。各外生菌根菌处 理中,美味牛肝菌、华美牛肝菌、彩色豆马勃3种处理对松苗的叶绿素含量影响较大,菌根苗的针叶实际光化学效率也较高。马尾松各菌根苗中紫金蜡蘑处理的PSⅡ电子传递速率较 高,湿地松各菌根苗中彩色豆马勃处理的PSⅡ电子传递速率较高,黑松各菌根苗中则以紫金蜡蘑、华美牛肝菌处理的PSⅡ电子传递速率较高。各松种菌根苗叶绿素含量与菌根苗实 际光化学速率(ФPSⅡ)呈显著正相关。     

安徽省马尾松树干内真菌种类研究

通过组织分离法，对安徽省9县（市）不同健康状态马尾松树干内真菌种类进行了研究。结果表明，不同健康状态马尾松树干均存在大量真菌，笔者分离到长喙壳等24类可鉴定真菌以及一些待鉴定真菌，其中长喙壳和待鉴定菌Ⅰ为木块变色真菌。对不同健康状态马尾松树干内真菌相对检出率进行比较，死亡马尾松中最高，濒死马尾松次之，健康马尾松最低。健康马尾松树干中不存在变色菌，优势真菌为木霉和镰刀菌，濒死马尾松树干优势真菌为待鉴定菌Ⅰ和长喙壳，死亡马尾松树干优势真菌为木霉和待鉴定菌Ⅰ。     

铅锌矿区马尾松波谱特征与微量元素相关性分析

以马尾松针叶野外高光谱测量数据和叶微量元素含量为基础,分析了铅锌矿区和对照区马尾松针叶反射光谱特征和红边效应,对蓝移偏移量和叶绿素归一化指数与叶主要微量元素含量的相关性做了分析.结果表明:矿区马尾松针叶在近红外区域反射率要低于对照区,马尾松针叶红边位置发生了6~19 nm的蓝移,马尾松针叶红边蓝移偏移量与铅、锌两种元素含量成正相关,叶绿素归一化指数与铅、锌、锰3种元素含量成负相关.     

江西吉安县松树针叶资源的开发利用前景

吉安县是江西省马尾松、湿地松的主要产区之一,但大量松树针叶没有得到合理利用,叙述了松树针叶的综合利用方法及其在各方面的经济价值,对开发利用吉安县的松树针叶资源提出了几点看法。     

水分和热胁迫对苗木针叶可溶性糖含量的影响

以杉木、马尾松、花旗松和北美乔柏为对象，研究了在水分和热胁迫下，苗木生长期间针叶内可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明：(1)水分和热胁迫处理对杉木针叶果糖含量的影响不明显，但对杉木针叶葡萄糖和蔗糖的含量却有显影响。水分胁迫和热胁迫的交互作用对杉苗针叶的蔗糖含量也有显影响。随着水分胁迫程度的加深，葡萄糖含量提高了11．80％，蔗糖含量提高幅度达318．86％。随着热胁迫程度的加深，葡萄糖含量提高了16．54％，蔗糖含量提高幅度为169．83％；(2)水分胁迫处理对马尾松苗木针叶葡萄糖和蔗糖含量的影响显，而热胁迫则对葡萄糖和果糖含量影响显。水分和热胁迫处理对马尾松苗木针叶3种可溶性糖含量的影响均呈上升趋势，其中水分胁迫条件下葡萄糖含量提高了45．92％，果糖含量提高了34．01％，蔗糖含量提高了138．32％。热胁迫条件下葡萄糖含量提高了36．07％，果糖含量提高了28．01％，蔗糖含量提高了22．82％；(3)水分和热胁迫尽管对花旗松苗木针叶的3种可溶性糖含量均有较显影响，但随着水分胁迫程度的加深，3种可溶性糖含量均未表现出明显的上升趋势。只有随着热胁迫程度的加深，花旗松苗木针叶的3种可溶性糖含量才呈现出上升趋势；(4)水分和热胁迫对北美乔柏苗木针叶可溶性糖含量均有显影响。其中随着水分胁迫程度的加深，葡萄糖含量提高了89．46％，果糖含量提高了90．32％，蔗糖含量提高了71.68％。随着热胁迫程度的加深，葡萄糖含量提高了21.18％，果糖含量提高了45．97％，蔗糖含量提高了107．67％。水分胁迫和热胁迫的交互作用对北美乔柏苗木针叶的蔗糖含量有显影响。     

D精氨酸对菌根化马尾松植株内源多胺和抗旱能力的影响

为研究内源多胺对菌根化马尾松植株抗旱能力的影响,以分别接种4种外生菌根真菌及其混合菌的5种菌根化马尾松小苗为材料,通过添加ADC竞争性抑制剂D精氨酸(DArg)进行室内模拟自然干旱胁迫处理,分析了各处理植株的萎蔫度、针叶中腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量的变化及其与抗旱能力的关系。结果显示：未施加DArg的处理中,各植株的抗旱能力依次为接种混合菌根菌的植株较高、紫金蜡蘑(La)菌根化植株次之、CK植株较低,而DArg处理的各植株抗旱能力发生了逆转,依次为CK植株较高、La菌根化植株次之、接种混合菌根菌的植株较低。分析表明菌根化马尾松植株Put合成主要依赖以LArg为前体的途径,并且向Spd和Spm的转化效率较CK植株高;维持较高Spm含量、(Spd+Spm)/Put值,是菌根化马尾松植株抗旱的重要原因之一。     

从废弃烟叶中提取混合氨基酸的方法

主要寻找一条合理的从廉价的废弃烟叶中提取混合氨基酸的方法。研究结果表明,用强酸性阳离子树脂提取氨基酸,收集所有的洗脱液可得到16种氨基酸,平均收率为32.86%;而分段收集洗脱液,前一部分可得到17种氨基酸,平均收率为22.3%,后一部分可得到12种氨基酸,平均收率为0.349%。     

马尾松苗木中松醇的分布及其对干旱胁迫的响应

对马尾松苗木中松醇的分布及干旱胁迫下不同种源马尾松苗木针叶内松醇含量的变化进行了测定。结果表明：(1)随着苗木的生长,1年生马尾松苗针叶内松醇的含量逐渐增加,到生长季结束时达到最大值。2年生苗木针叶在生长初期松醇含量较高,但随着苗木进入旺盛生长阶段,其含量下降,进入苗木硬化期后,针叶内的松醇含量又有增加的趋势。(2)马尾松苗木茎中松醇含量(DW)最高,达25.86 mg/g,其次是1年生苗的针叶,1年生苗木的根系中松醇含量(DW)最低,仅3.60 mg/g。2年生苗木根系中的松醇含量较高,与针叶中的松醇含量相当。(3)马尾松苗木针叶内的松醇含量随干旱胁迫程度的加深而逐渐增多。胁迫36 d后,5个种源在重度胁迫下的平均松醇含量(DW)为41.38 mg/g,比对照增加25.51%。胁迫54 d后,5个种源在重度胁迫下的平均松醇含量(DW)为47.14 mg/g,比对照增加64.14%。不同种源间马尾松苗木针叶内松醇含量存在较大差异,但胁迫开始时的松醇含量越低,因胁迫松醇的积累越多;在重度干旱胁迫的最后,各种源苗木针叶内的松醇含量比较接近。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with