蛤蚧发声通路核团定位的初步研究

采用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）方法和电刺激技术对爬行类动物蛤蚧发声通路的神经核团进行了定位研究。结果表明：在延脑部位,疑核和迷走神经运动核参与对蛤蚧发声活动的调节,但以疑核对发声活动的调节作用最为重要。疑核对蛤蚧发声器的支配为双侧性的,但以同侧为主。而迷走神经运动核只有单侧的标记。实验结果提示,中脑的中央灰质区（SGC）的背外侧核团可能通过对凝核的调节来影响蛤蚧的发声活动,大脑皮质的背侧皮质区（DX）也可能参与对发声活动的调节,且均为双侧性的调节作用。     

论声乐教学中“气”的训练

＂气＂是歌唱的动力及源泉,是声乐艺术的主要表现手段之一,它也是歌者进行歌唱训练时首先要攻克的技术难题。没有良好的气,就没有美感的声音。在声乐教学中,＂气＂的训练是歌唱技术训练的核心。结合声乐教学经验.从声乐理论与教学中＂气＂与声音的关系,声乐教学中＂气＂的训练方法两个方面阐述了＂气＂的技巧对声音训练的重要作用,并且探讨了声乐教学中＂气＂训练的具体方法。     

两栖类发声与发声中枢的研究——回顾、现状、展望

近年来,动物发声与发声机制的研究取得了长足的进展,在两栖类动物中,发声行为的中枢调控以及听觉、激素的作川机制已经有了较深入的认识。本文试图对这方面的研究历史、现状以及未来进行综合性论述和评价。     

青少年声乐教学初探

青少年变声期具有独特的生理特征,在对其进行声乐教学时,应运用正确的科学的发声方法引导学生发声,协调其呼吸、腔体,注意歌曲的艺术再创造,使青少年的声乐水平有较大的提高.     

Neural substrates of vocalization feedback monitoring in primate auditory cortex

Vocal communication involves both speaking and hearing, often taking place concurrently. Vocal production, including human speech and animal vocalization, poses a number of unique challenges for the auditory system. It is important for the auditory system to monitor external sounds continuously from the acoustic environment during speaking despite the potential for sensory masking by self-generated sounds. It is also essential for the auditory system to monitor feedback of one's own voice. This self-monitoring may play a part in distinguishing between self-generated or externally generatedauditory inputs and in detecting errors in our vocal production. Previous work in humans and other animals has demonstrated that the auditory cortex is largely suppressed during speaking or vocalizing. Despite the importance of self-monitoring, the underlying neural mechanisms in the mammalian brain, in particular the role of vocalization-induced suppression, remain virtually unknown. Here we show that neurons in the auditory cortex of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) are sensitive to auditory feedback during vocal production, and that changes in the feedback alter the coding properties of these neurons. Furthermore, we found that the previously described cortical suppression during vocalization actually increased the sensitivity of these neurons to vocal feedback. This heightened sensitivity to vocal feedback suggests that these neurons may have an important role in auditory self-monitoring.     

从三种唱法到声乐演唱

明确三种唱法的基本概念,更完美地诠释各种不同风格的歌曲,无论是外国作品或是中国作品,用科学的方法来演唱,能强、能弱、能高、能低、能大、能小、能虚、能实,就可以把作品表现得淋漓尽致。     

Animal communication: complex call production in the túngara frog

Animals' sound-producing organs often act as an integrated whole--particular vocal structure are not directly associated with the creation of discrete syllables. But here we show that the 'chuck' of the 'whine-chuck' mating call of the túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus, is caused by a fibrous mass attached to the vocal folds; the chuck is eliminated by removal of this structure, although the frog still tries to produce the sound. Sexual selection affects the acoustic complexity of the frog's call, so evolution may have shaped this unusual vocalization, which is akin to the two-voiced song of songbirds.     

声乐分组教学及内容增设

在声乐教学中，应把审美性贯穿于教学的全过程，鼓励学生自主学习。在教学方式上，采用分组教学的方式。在教学内容上，除学习艺术歌曲，掌握科学发声方法外，还应增设唱歌教学和合唱队训练。     

Bird song: superfast muscles control dove's trill

Bird songs frequently contain trilling sounds that demand extremely fast vocalization control. Here we show that doves control their syrinx, a vocal organ that is unique to birds, by using superfast muscles. These muscles, which are similar to those that operate highly specialist acoustic organs such as the rattle of the rattlesnake, are among the fastest vertebrate muscles known and could be much more widespread than previously thought if they are the principal muscle type used to control bird songs.     

电刺激黄喉鹀上纹状体腹侧尾核对发声、呼吸和心搏的影响

采用电刺激的方法，对鸣禽黄喉（Ｅｍｂｅｒｉｚａｅｌｅｇａｎｓ）的上纹状体腹侧尾核（ＨＶ＿Ｃ）的发声控制及其它生理功能进行了初步地研究，结果如下：１）长串或短串电脉冲刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ的不同区域，部引起鸣叫反应．２）长串电脉冲刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ引起呼吸易化效应：表现为增频增幅的呼吸．３）短串电脉冲刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ引起呼吸位相转换效应及呼气时程延长效应，如刺激落位于吸气相时，可迅速转换到呼气相；刺激落位于呼气相时，可使呼气时程延长，以配合鸣叫．４）电刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ引起明显降心率效应．５）电刺激ＨＶ＿Ｃ引起明显的竖毛、瞳孔缩小及躯体运动等反应．结果表明，ＨＶ＿Ｃ除控制发声外，尚参与呼吸易化和降心率的调节．ＨＶ＿Ｃ对发声及呼吸的特异性调节作用，可能在鸣叫与呼吸的协调机制中起重要的作用．此外，ＨＶ＿Ｃ亦参与植物性及情绪性反应的调节．