果蝇倒体位培养的遗传学效应

为了评价非正常体位培养对果蝇生长发育和繁殖能力等相关遗传学效应的影响，以野生型和突变型果蝇为研究材料，采用正常体位和倒体位进行培养，通过逐代观察并统计其子代发生量、羽化时间、性别选择及平均寿命等遗传学参数。结果表明：倒体位培养果蝇寿命无论是野生型还是突变型均比正常体位培养寿命短，羽化时间相对延长；在性别选择方面，体位对两种类型果蝇无明显影响；倒体位培养条件下的子代发生量显著低于正常体位培养。     

培养基对果蝇生长发育的影响

培养基中分别或联合添加葡萄糖、麦麸、活酵母,对各组培养基对黑腹果蝇(Drosophilamelanogaster)野生型与残翅突变型发育周期、子代成蛹量、羽化量、体重及性比的影响进行了研究.结果表明,葡萄糖的加入能提高成蝇体重,却显著降低了子代数量;添加麦麸与活酵母可缩短发育周期、提高子代数量与体重;葡萄糖、麦麸与活酵母三者联合作用显著,使果蝇发育周期缩短、成蛹与羽化高峰期提前,子代数量与体重提高.优化出的配方利于野生型和残翅突变型果蝇的生长,可缩短果蝇发育周期,并获得更多的子代.     

敌枯双(Bis-A-TDA)对果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)的胚胎毒性及烟酰胺的解毒作用

将野生型果蝇分别培养于含0,10,100,150,200,25O,35O,500,700,1000ppm敌枯双的果蝇培养基上,在25℃交配、产卵6d.子代成蝇羽化后,每天检查其外部畸形并计数.解毒试验组加烟酰胺(NA)、敌枯双(Bis-A-TDA)各200ppm于培养基中.实验结果表明:(1)敌枯双对果蝇的胚胎毒性随剂量增加而上升.(2)烟酰胺能部分解除敌枯双对果蝇的胚胎毒性.(3)低剂量敌枯双(10—100ppm)处理,能增加子代成蝇的羽化数,有促进作用.     

井上蛀果斑螟羽化及交配行为学特征研究

在(27±1)℃、相对湿度75%~80%、光周期12L:12D条件下研究了井上蛀果斑螟(Assara inouei)成虫的羽化、交配行为.结果表明:羽化全天可见,92%于暗期羽化.羽化高峰期在21:00~22:00之间,雄虫羽化率为22.12%,雌虫的为12.91%.成虫交配主要集中在羽化后的1~4 d,在羽化后的第2天交配率达到最大值.交配时间发生在1:00~9:00之间,5:00~6:00之间交配率最大为37.14%.     

红菇提取液抗衰老作用初探

目的:研究红菇提取液对果蝇寿命的影响,初步探讨红菇提取液的抗衰老作用.方法:以3隐性果蝇为对象,通过果蝇的生存试验主要统计其平均寿命、半数死亡时间和最高寿命,比较1mg/ml、5mg/ml、10mg/ml和15mg/ml四种不同浓度红菇提取液对果蝇寿命的影响.结果:从平均寿命看,1mg/ml时雄、雌果蝇分别延长6.94%、11.14%(P均<0.01);5mg/ml时雌果蝇延长7.14%(P<0.01).从半数死亡时间看,1mg/ml时雄、雌果蝇分别延长7.51%、8.45%(P均<0.01);5mg/ml时雌果蝇延长7.38%(P<0.01).从最高寿命看,5mg/ml和10mg/ml时雌果蝇分别延长13.47%和16.37%(P均<0.01).结论:红菇提取液对果蝇有一定的抗衰老作用,其中1mg/ml的红菇提取液效果最好.     

Pb~(2+)对果蝇生育力和寿命及抗氧化能力的影响

为了研究Pb~(2+)对果蝇生育力和寿命及抗氧化能力的影响,以黑腹果蝇(drosophila melanogaster)为研究对象,考查不同浓度的Pb~(2+)对果蝇生存能力的影响,包括果蝇子一代到子四代(F_1至F_4)代生育力和寿命的变化,雌、雄果蝇数量的变化,抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化.结果表明,添加不同浓度的Pb~(2+)使F_1至F_4代雌、雄果蝇世代生育力减弱,寿命降低,果蝇体内MDA含量大量积累,SOD和CAT活性急剧降低,降低了果蝇的抗氧化能力,导致果蝇提前衰老、降低或丧失生殖能力甚至死亡,而高浓度的Pb~(2+)对雌、雄果蝇性别分化产生影响,分别为1. 316∶1和1. 165∶1,果蝇世代总量雌、雄果蝇性别比为1. 115∶1.     

短柄五加叶片总皂苷对果蝇繁殖力影响的研究

研究了短柄五加叶片总皂苷对果蝇繁殖力的影响. 用含总皂苷(0.06 mg/mL、0.12 mg/mL、0.24 mg/mL)和标准培养基饲喂果蝇,在一段时间内统计已羽化的F1、F2代果蝇数量. 结果表明:在处理早期,中、高浓度组F1代果蝇数量比对照组有显著增加(P<0.05),其增值率分别为17.15%(0.12 mg/mL)和35.75%(0.24 mg/mL),但随处理时间延长,皂苷处理组子代果蝇数量均比对照组极显著降低(P<0.01). F2代果蝇数量统计显示:不论是皂苷处理果蝇全部发育期还是仅幼虫发育期,皂苷处理组F2代羽化果蝇数量与对照组相比降幅均达极显著水平(P<0.01). 以上结果说明,短柄五加叶片总皂苷具有显著抑制果蝇繁殖力的作用,这一结果可为短柄五加叶片皂苷开发新型生物农药提供一定理论依据和研究方向.     

紫外线,激光照射果蝇产生的生物学效应

用紫外线、氦氖激光分别照射野生型果蝇,经连续3代处理,每代均表现出照射时间延长,后代效应明显的趋势。这些效应主要是子代数量减少,羽化时间缩短,体重减轻等,而且有一定的致畸和诱变效应。但对性比影响不大。     

北五味子对果蝇繁殖力的影响研究

研究了北五味子对果蝇繁殖力的影响.在培养基中加入不同重量的北五味子干燥果肉粗粉进行果蝇培养,在一定时间内统计完成羽化的F1、F2果蝇的数量.结果表明,与对照相比,添加北五味子的3个处理F1羽化成虫数量显著增多(P<0.05),其中,添加1%北五味子干燥果肉粗粉的处理果蝇数量较对照增加了45.75%.这表明北五味子能够显著地增强果蝇的繁殖力.本研究为果蝇的高效培养繁殖提供了科学依据.     

亳菊醇提液对黑腹果蝇繁育性能的影响

本文主要研究不同浓度的亳菊醇提液对黑腹果蝇繁育性能的影响作用。采用乙醇浸提法制备亳菊醇提液,并测定其总黄酮浓度,用以不同浓度醇提液饲喂果蝇,测定果蝇F1、F2代的羽化数、增殖率和体重。结果表明,提取液中总黄酮浓度为9.86μg/m L,提取率为12.325%;与对照组相比,1%和5%亳菊醇提液处理组F1、F2果蝇雌体数目和体重均显著增加(p<0.05或p<0.01),5%组的F1、F2代果蝇雄体数目差异显著(p<0.05或p<0.01),各亳菊醇提液处理组刚羽化F1、F2代雄果蝇体重均显著高于对照组(p<0.05或p<0.01)。表明一定浓度的亳菊醇提液可以增强果蝇的繁殖力、增加子代体重。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the