菱形口的射流在超音主流中的流场表面结构

在不同射流角(10°,27.5°,45°,90°)和射流总压下(0.1 MPa,0.46 MPa)对音速射流通过15.半角菱形口喷射到马赫5横穿主流的实验及圆形喷射器的对比实验,研究了具有菱形喷口的射流用于超音主流的相互作用流场.通过表面油流动可视化和表面压力敏感涂料的方法,得到了流场的表面结构.结果表明相互作用激波的状态(附着与离体)基于射流入射角和喷射压力,在高射流角和低喷射压力下相互作用激波保持附着,前沿相互作用激波角随射流角增加而增加.对离体激波情况,马蹄涡延展到上游,最高表面压力与马蹄涡相关,上游峰值压力随喷射压力的增加而增加.90.圆形喷射器与90.菱形喷射器有类似表面结构,但在给定的射流总压下其峰值压力较后者高,而且激波分离距离较大.     

炼钢转炉顶吹氧气射流特性的CFD数值分析

联合标准的k~ε湍流模型,建立了转炉顶吹可压缩氧气射流的CFD模型.对氧气在拉瓦尔喷管内外的射流行为进行了数值模拟研究,考察了不同操作压力以及环境温度下氧射流的流动行为,并分析了射流激波现象.实验结果表明,当操作压力小于设计压力时,喷管出口处形成斜激波,压缩波与膨胀波交替进行;当操作压力大于设计压力时,喷管出口形成扇形膨胀波,膨胀波与压缩波交替进行.模拟结果也表明,环境温度增加,射流动压基本不变,但超音速区长度增加.通过回归分析,给出了射流核心长度与操作压力的定量关系.     

一种新型喷射制冷循环的理论分析

提出了一种新型喷射制冷循环.该循环系统是在常规喷射制冷循环的喷射器和冷凝器之间增加了一个液体-气体射流泵,通过该射流泵可以降低喷射器的背压,提高喷射器的喷射系数,进而改善循环性能.针对此循环进行了理论分析和模拟计算,并与相同工况下常规喷射系统做了比较,重点讨论了工质R134a发生温度和背压改变对系统性能系数的影响.计算结果显示,新循环能有效提高系统的性能系数,使其比常规循环提高1倍以上.尽管新循环消耗的泵功会有所增加,但从的角度分析,新循环可以节约10%~24%的输入,具有更高的效率.     

小支板后不同喷孔形状射流的气动特性

针对带有小支板后低动压喷注的超声速流场进行数值模拟,分析了有无小支板时6种不同喷孔形状的流场特性。研究结果表明:小支板能显著提高后方不同喷孔横向射流的穿透深度、促进燃料与来流掺混并且不会导致较大的总压损失;小支板与方孔、圆孔和三角形喷孔组合时流场特性差异并不大,与长宽比为10:1的喷孔和菱形孔组合混合效率提升得较为显著;大长宽比喷孔能使射流充分利用小支板后缘的低压区与强湍流区,从而发挥出比无小支板时更为优越的掺混特性;通过研究进一步认识了小支板后低动压喷注的流场特性,为优化喷射装置提供了依据。     

GDI喷油器高温汽油的近场射流特性

基于高温汽油喷射平台,利用米氏散射技术和近场摄影方法,研究不同喷射压力和燃油温度下汽油在GDI喷油器中的近场射流特性。研究结果表明:随着燃油温度升高,喷嘴出口处的燃油射流向外膨胀,射流中段向内塌缩。当燃油温度达到一定数值后,在喷孔附近的射流出现马赫盘现象;在相同喷射压力下,汽油射流膨胀角在低温区基本与常温射流锥角保持不变,进入中温区后快速增大,到高温区逐渐趋于平缓;马赫盘大小随着燃油温度的升高而增加,马赫盘位置受燃油温度的影响不明显;在相同燃油温度下,射流膨胀角、马赫盘大小和马赫盘位置均随着喷射压力的提高而增加;高温汽油射流的油滴粒径比常温汽油射流的更小。     

喷射压力对喷雾的影响

采用闪光摄影技术,在射流试验台上进行了较低喷射压力范围内瑞利模式液膜射流碎裂过程试验,在喷雾特性试验台上进行了较高喷射压力范围内柴油雾化质量的试验,对2种试验结果进行了比较分析.结果表明:由小宽厚比喷嘴喷射出的瑞利模式低速液膜射流碎裂长度随喷射流速的增大几乎呈直线增加,与喷射压力没有直接关系,喷射压力只有通过喷射流速才对射流碎裂长度产生影响,喷射流速是射流碎裂过程中的稳定因素;雾化模式的喷雾质量随喷射压力的增大显著改善,喷射压力和喷射流速转变成为液体碎裂的不稳定因素.     

水下超声速气体射流的力学机制研究

介绍了对水下超声速气体射流的力学机制的实验研究. 在自行设计研制的实验系统里, 高压空气通过缩放喷嘴(拉伐尔)喷入一个3维水槽中. 射流在不同的工况下运行, 即过膨胀、适配和欠膨胀状态. 用一台CCD摄像机, 对射流流场进行了可视化. 实验发现, 超声速气体射流在水中的喷射, 总是伴随着很强的流体振荡, 而这种振荡与射流气相介质中的激波反馈现象有关. 对射流压力场进行了详细的测量, 证实了气相介质中的激波反馈现象. 但是, 这里讲的激波反馈不同于超声速气体射流在开放大气空间中释放时的声学反馈(声学反馈引起尖锐刺耳的声调). 它是这样一个过程：封闭在射流气袋中的激波引起射流内部的大幅度的、周期性的压力脉动; 然后, 压力脉动引起射流振荡, 包括大幅度气体膨胀现象的出现. 为了验证这种激波反馈现象, 我们对流场进行了详细的压力测量. 设计了三种压力测量装置, 即浸没在水中的压力探头; 在喷管装置侧壁上的压力测量; 在喷管装置前壁上的压力测量. 实现了对喷嘴下游、喷嘴附近以及喷嘴上游的压力测量, 而且各压力测量结果体现了很好的一致性. 研究表明, 射流的每一次振荡, 都引起一次压力的突然增加, 激波反馈的平均频率为5~10 Hz.     

长圆形出口喷嘴射流特性的实验研究

在研究矩形出口喷嘴射流的基础上,对长圆形出口喷嘴的射流特性进行了室内实验研究.结果表明.长圆形喷嘴射流在短轴剖面上的扩散角比在长轴剖面上大.随喷距的增大.其横向截面将逐渐变为圆形.长圆形喷嘴的流量系数大于同样结构特征的矩形喷嘴,其射流的轴心动压力衰减以及横向动压力梯度分布规律与矩形喷嘴射流相似.随喷距增加.长圆形喷嘴的轴心动压力衰减比矩形喷嘴衰减慢.在钻头上使用的长圆形喷嘴的最佳无因次喷距应在无因次等速核长度L_1和最大轴心动压力衰减梯度所在的无因次喷距L_(max)之间.     

横向来流对等离子体点火器射流特性的影响

为研究航空等离子体点火器的射流特性,采用纹影摄像技术记录了等离子体射流的形成及发展过程,研究来流环境下横向来流速度对航空等离子体点火器射流特性的影响规律.结果表明:在横向来流条件下,来流速度的增大会使得射流偏转角增大,当横向来流速度v m=5 m/s时,射流偏转角θ=15.9°,当横向来流速度vm=20m/s时,射流偏转角θ=77.1°,来流速度增大15m/s,射流偏转角增大3.8倍;同时来流速度增大时,会加大等离子体射流动量与热量的损失速率,导致等离子体射流穿透深度、射流速度、射流面积及射流面积变化率均减小.     

使用量纲一参数进行喷射器性能分析

在以往大量数值模拟工作的基础上,总结出了一定喷射器结构时,喷射器的最大喷射系数、膨胀比及临界压缩比三者之间的关系,并给出了膨胀比与喷嘴出口马赫数之间的幂指数关系.研究表明,用膨胀比和压缩比两个量纲一参数代替具体的工作流体压力、引射流体压力和出口压力,来分析一定结构时工作参数对喷射器性能的影响,可以使模拟所得出的结论不局限于具体的参数值,具有更好的通用性,对指导喷射器设计、提高喷射器性能具有重大意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has