汾河下游三万年来沉积环境演化

根据汾河下游岩性特征、沉积物粒度、粘土矿物和孢粉分析，探讨了汾河下游3万年来环境演化规律。30－11Ka.B.P为晚更新世末次冰期盛冰期，气修干寒；11Ka以来，经历了3个气候旋回，变化周期为3.5Ka左右，黄河中游早期文明起源及人类生产活动，与本区气候关系有很好的耦合性。     

广州地区晚第四纪孢粉气候研究

 利用广州地区南北2个不同沉积地貌区的钻孔进行孢粉分析,结合测年和沉积信息,分析了广州所代表的珠江三角洲地区晚更新世以来的沉积环境和气候变化。孢粉分析结果显示：在晚更新世珠江三角洲地区气候经历了偏冷干-偏凉干-暖湿-热湿-偏凉干-冷干的变化过程,末次冰期对本区具有明显影响,使全新世和晚更新世孢粉组合表现出一定的差异;全新世气候明显转暖湿,整体上以暖湿为主,但出现了一些小的气候波动事件,最明显的是在2 250 a BP 前后偏凉干的变化;该区在晚更新世和全新世各经历过一次海侵,两孔反映的气候期和海平面变化较为一致,气候和海平面变化也有很好的对应。两孔在地层、沉积相和孢粉特征上的差异是地理位置、沉积环境和基座地貌等差异造成的。     

Youger Dryas and Heinrich events recorded by magnetic susceptibility of sediments from the central temperature area of Western Pacific Warm Pool

Three short geomagnetic excursions, the Go thenburg, Mono Lake and Mungo (or Maelifell) in the Brunhes Positive Polarity period, were revealed based on the studies of magnetostratigraphy, susceptibility (χ) and δ^18O of sediments in core WP 92-5 from the central temperature area of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), and the ages of them are 12.1--11.3 kaBP, 25.0--24.0 kaBP, and 31.0--28.0 kaBP respectively. Furthermore, the Younger Dryas (YD) and Heinrich (H) cold events were also discovered in this core by the susceptibility record. The YD cold event occurred at the depth of 30--22 cm with an age of 11.5--10.6 kaBP; H1, H2 and H3 cold events occurred at depths of 51--39 cm, 108---91 cm and 140--126 cm with ages of 15.1--13.0 kaBP, 25.0--22.1 kaBP and 30.6---28.2 kaBP respectively, which well correspond to the HI, H2, H3 events recorded by susceptibility of core SU90-09 from middle Atlantic, indicating that the susceptibility change of marine sediments can be an important sign of climatic frequent fluctuations.     

Climate and environment reconstruction during the Medieval Warm Period in Lop Nur of Xinjiang,China

We made multi-proxy analysis of ^14C, grain size, microfossils, plant seeds, and geochemical elements on samples from a profile in the central West Lake of Lop Nur. The grain size suggests relatively stable sedimentary environment around the Medieval Warm Period （MWP） with weak storm effect, which is followed by frequent strong storm events. Abundant microfossils and plant seeds in this stage indicate a warm and humid fresh to brackish lake environment. C, N, and stable elements are high in content in the sediments while Rb/Sr, Ba/Sr, and Ti/Sr are in a steady low level. In addition, plenty of red willows lived here prior to about 700 a B.P., indicating a favorable environmental condition. The results indicate that the environment in Lop Nur and its west bank turned to be favorable at about 2200 a B.P., where the Loulan Culture began to thrive. Then the climate and environment came to be in the good condition in the Tang and Song Dynasties, when the storm effect became weaker, rainfall increased and the salty lake water turned to be brackish to fresh lake water. Hence, limnic biomass increased with higher species diversity.     

长江三角洲南翼第四纪沉积层序及其与古环境演变的耦合

为研究长江三角洲南翼第四纪地层划分及其与古环境演变的耦合关系,对长江三角洲南翼的第四系BZK02孔(孔深322. 1 m,取芯率大于96%),进行沉积物粒度、孢粉和微体古生物分析,结合岩性地层讨论了上新世以来钻孔揭示的孢粉组合、古环境演化、沉积层序和古气候特征。结果表明,研究区上新世以来经历了多次环境变化,孢粉类型鉴定133种,有孔虫鉴定17属29种,介形类鉴定7属8种。钻孔自下而上揭示岩性第四纪沉积地层依次为上新统嘉兴组一段(299. 8～322. 0 m)、早更新统嘉兴组(160～299. 8 m)、中更新统前港组(87. 3～160. 0 m)、晚更新统东浦组(72. 0～87. 3 m)、晚更新统宁波组(18. 6～72. 0 m)、全新统镇海组(0～18. 6 m)。古环境演化主要表现为上新世以残积坡、河流沉积为主,气候温冷偏湿;早更新世以河流相、河湖相沉积为主,气候经历温暖湿润-寒冷干燥变化的2个旋回;中更新世早期为河流-滨海相沉积,气候温暖湿润,晚期为河湖相沉积为主,气候温凉干燥;晚更新世以河湖、潮坪、河口沉积环境为主,气候经历温暖湿润-温暖偏干-温暖偏湿-寒冷干燥变化;全新世以浅海相、河湖相、湖沼相沉积环境,气候特征早期为干冷,晚期温暖偏干。     

Closing of the Indonesian seaway as a precursor to east African aridification around 3-4 million years ago

Global climate change around 3-4 Myr ago is thought to have influenced the evolution of hominids, via the aridification of Africa, and may have been the precursor to Pleistocene glaciation about 2.75 Myr ago. Most explanations of these climatic events involve changes in circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean due to the closing of the Isthmus of Panama. Here we suggest, instead, that closure of the Indonesian seaway 3-4 Myr ago could be responsible for these climate changes, in particular the aridification of Africa. We use simple theory and results from an ocean circulation model to show that the northward displacement of New Guinea, about 5 Myr ago, may have switched the source of flow through Indonesia-from warm South Pacific to relatively cold North Pacific waters. This would have decreased sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean, leading to reduced rainfall over eastern Africa. We further suggest that the changes in the equatorial Pacific may have reduced atmospheric heat transport from the tropics to higher latitudes, stimulating global cooling and the eventual growth of ice sheets.     

The discovery and environmental significance of Chifeng wind route and huge pots of Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province

The pots discovered in Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province are huge with a maximum diameter of 9 m and a depth of 3.5 m, singular in shape,caused by weathering and wind erosion and have certain direction. They are a kind of typical climatic geomorphology. This district experienced the severe periglacial environment during 15-8 kaBP with intense weathering from frost and wind erosion. The famous Hongshan culture emerged about 6 kaBP, which belonged to the warmest period. The pots probably had some water during that period. Therefore they are a good medium to study the environmental changes.     

河南省郑州西山全新世中晚期地层

在详细描述郑州西山砖窑黄土剖面和＾１４Ｃ测年的基础上,对该剖面土层的沉积年代和气候地层学特生进行了重建,将７０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来气候划分为早期和晚期,又把２期气候各划分出３个时段,描述了各时段的气候特征。     

New evidence for the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau as a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China

Over 40 a observed temperature data in 172 stations in China and historical proxy data were analyzed. Evidence suggested that during 1980–1994, the warmest year appeared first in southeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (henceforth SETP) and then gradually spread northwards and eastwards to eastern China. The climatic change on century time scale in recent 600 a shows 3 relatively warm and clod stages in China. Each warm and cold stage appeared first in Tibet Plateau (henceforth TP) and then in the Qilian Mountains, then in the eastern parts of China. The warm and cold stages in TP were 10–60 a earlier than in the eastern China. The facts show that TP is a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China on the time scale shorter than 10³a.     

贵州荔波42.0kaB.P.~65.0kaB.P.气候变化的石笋记录

对贵州荔波董哥洞D42石笋进行TIMS-U测年和碳、氧同位素分析,建立末次冰期42．0ka B．P．～65．0ka B．P．的古气候变化时间序列。研究结果表明,荔波地区在65．0ka B．P．～42．0ka B．P．石笋记录的冷暖事件所反映出的季风气候变化,大致可分为3个气候阶段;65．0ka B．P．～60．6ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS4晚期,反映本阶段东亚冬季风强盛,气温降低,表现为干旱寒冷的气候环境;60．6ka B．P．～48．4ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS3早期,反映东亚夏季风相对增强,气温升高,有效降水相对较少,表现为温暖半干旱的气候环境;48．4ka B．P．～42．0ka B．P．相当于海洋氧同位素MIS3中期,显示东亚夏季风由强变弱,东亚冬季风相对增强,表现为干旱冷凉的气候环境。石笋记录揭示的2次寒冷事件在各类沉积物中均有记录,反映为全球变化的气候事件,相当于北大西洋沉积物中的Heinrich5和Heinrich 6冷事件,可以进行全球对比,显示荔波地区与北极地区存在着古气候的遥相关。     

辽南地区末次冰期以来的环境变化

本文通过对大连七顶山黄土剖面的光释光(OSL)年代、磁化率、地球化学元素、粒度特征等数据,综合分析辽南地区末次冰期以来的环境变化过程,研究结果显示:相当于黄土高原马兰黄土的堆积形成时代为距今125ka。在末次冰期早期(MIS4-5d),86-113ka,沉积物质量磁化率介于6.97-24.14×10-8m3kg-1之间,平均值为14.699×10-8m3kg-1;颗粒粒径较细(3.89-5.22准);硅铝率平均值6.756;风化淋溶系数0.4-0.73之间;退碱系数均值0.333;镁铝比均值22.901。与末次冰期晚期相比,质量磁化率值较高,化学元素各项指标值较低,明了该阶段辽南整体气候环境较为干冷,但并未达到末次冰期晚期程度。而在末次冰盛期时(22-31ka,MIS2),磁化率平均值为6.974×10-8m3kg-1,明显低于末次冰期早期,粒度均值处于3.47准-4.77准之间,主要以颗粒较粗的细砂、粗粉砂为主,粒度明显变粗,硅铝率平均为6.998;风化淋溶系数均值为0.829,退碱系数值0.66,镁铝比值均值28.725,各参数比较一致地表明该阶段研究区整体处于干冷的气候环境之下,堆积作用较活跃。而在末次冰期中期(MIS3)时,OSL年代31-86ka,该区气候条件以温暖湿润为主,黄土遭到侵蚀。     

Environmental changes recorded in lake sediments for 13 000-1 000 a B. P. in Beijing area

The detailed¹⁴c dating, palynological, carbon isotope and magnetic susceptibility analyses of a paleo-swamp record obtained near Beijing show that the succession of climate events in Beljing area is broadly consistent with the climatic behavior in the North Atlantic region during the period from 13 000 to 10 000 a B. P., but with evident local characteristics. A relatively warm and wet episode (11 400-10 950 a B.P.) was intercalated between two dry-cold episodes (11 600-11 400 and 10 950-10 450 a B. P.).     

川滇高山栎不同生态环境叶表皮形态特征比较研究

植物形态结构变化及其敏感性往往是研究全球气候变化对生物多样性影响的主要研究内容之一.利用改进的次氯酸钠离析法结合光学显微镜观察了9个不同生境川滇高山栎的居群叶表皮形态特征,结果表明川滇高山栎叶表皮形态特征随环境变化而变化,不同的居群之间差异明显.川滇高山栎叶表皮特征与气候环境相互关系分析表明,川滇高山栎叶表皮各个特征与气候参数之间均存在或大或小的关系,其中与植物生长发育密切相关的气孔参数与气候参数密切相关,相关系数0.8左右.     

Numerical study and prediction of nuclear contaminant transport from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in the North Pacific Ocean

On March 11,2011,a large earthquake and subsequent tsunami near the east coast of Japan destroyed the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant(FD-NPP),causing a massive release of nuclear contaminants.In this paper,a Pacific basin-wide physical dispersion model is developed and used to investigate the transport of nuclear contaminants.The Pacific circulation model,based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS),is forced with air-sea flux climatology derived from COADS(the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set).It is shown that ocean current dominates nuclear contaminant transport.Following the Kuroshio Extension and North Pacific Current,nuclear contaminants at the surface will move eastward in the Pacific as far as 140°W,thereafter dividing into two branches.For the south branch,nuclear contaminants will be transported westward by the equatorial current,and can reach the Philippines after 10 years’ time.In contrast,the north branch will arrive at the American west coast and then migrate to the Bering Sea.At 200 m water depth,part of the nuclear materials will move southwestward along with deep ocean circulation,which could potentially reach the east coast of Taiwan.The other part will move to the west coast of America and separate into two branches.One will move northward along the west coast of Alaska,while the other will travel southward to the Hawaiian Islands.The transport of radiation contaminants below 500 m is slow,and will primarily remain in the central Pacific.The physical dispersion model results show that high concentrations of the radioactive isotope cesium-137(137 Cs) will move eastward and reach the central Pacific and west coast of North America in two and eight years,respectively.The sea areas influenced by the nuclear contaminants continue to expand,while peak concentrations decrease in the North Pacific.     

黄河中游的地貌与地文期问题

上起积石峡下至三门峡的黄河中游地区在晚新生代期间发育了一级夷平面、一级剥蚀面和七级河流阶地。夷平面形成于２．４Ｍａ以前的晚第三纪，剥蚀面形成于２．４～１．８Ｍａ Ｂ．Ｐ的第四纪初期；黄河的七级阶地分别是开始于１３００、１１００、７８０、５９０、１４０、５０、１０ｋａ Ｂ．Ｐ的河流下切形成的，其原因在于构造的脉动式上升。基于上述研究成果，我们将每一地貌面形成的时期定义为一个地文期，它与其后因构造运动     

The plant diversity and its relationship with paleoenvironment since 2.78 Ma revealed by pollen records in the Heqing deep drilling core

Multifold palynological diversity indices calculated by pollen data of the Heqing deep drilling core are synthetically analyzed, the results show that the plant diversity rapidly increased and its fluctuant am- plitude and frequency evidently largened during the stages of 2.729--2.608 Ma, 1.176--0.342 Ma and since 0.118 Ma respectively, while during the other periods the plant diversity was relatively low with a gentle fluctuation. To discuss further the relation between ancient plant diversity and paleoenvironment, it is considered that the plant diversity in the Heqing region lies on increase or decrease of vertical vegetational belts in mountains around the studied area and richness of components of these vegeta- tional belts, and is controlled by amplitude of tectonic uplift of mountains and climatic changes. The high plant diversity during 2.729--2.608 Ma responded to the strong uplift of mountains at the stage, while the plant diversity greatly increased and its fluctuant amplitude and frequency markedly largened at about 1.176 Ma was obviously response to the Middle Pleistocene Transition. The plant diversity and its fluctuant amplitude and frequency increased further at about 0.991 Ma may be superposably affected by both the Middle Pleistocene Transition and the tectonic uplift. The plant diversity increased since 0.118 Ma may indicate that the southwest monsoon strengthened and humid climate more fitted many kinds of plants to grow.     

大厂凹陷MIS3阶段以来沉积物地球化学特征分析

深海氧同位素3-1阶段是指深海沉积物有孔虫氧同位素记录的第四纪末次冰期至冰后期的一个时期,期间气候表现为间冰阶、极端寒冷、多次千年尺度气候事件至最后转暖多个变化特征,相关气候变化沉积响应及影响因素等科学问题一直以来备受关注。然而,该时期相关千年尺度气候事件的记录及讨论在华北平原地区仍有争议,为探讨华北平原西北地区在该阶段的气候特征,本研究在大厂凹陷区天然剖面进行高密度碳14断代样品测试,并开展常量和微量元素地球化学含量分析,获得地球化学数据变化趋势特征,结果表明,该剖面年代从32.5ka至8.2 ka,处于深海氧同位素3阶段末期至深海氧同位素1阶段早期。在该时段,主量元素氧化物TFe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、MgO、CaO、Na2O与K2O与微量元素Sr、V、Ni、Co、Ga、Cu、Ba、Cr和Zn均呈现一致的变化趋势;在MIS2末次冰盛期和MIS1早期中的B?lling-Aller?d暖期和新仙女木冷期,K/Na、Al/Na、化学蚀变指数 、化学风化指数 和古温度等指标与东亚季风区气候呈现一致的变化,同时与全球尺度的事件具有同步性,因此认为晚更新世晚期华北平原的气候变化可归因于全球气候系统下东亚季风区的演化。     

Influence of mean climate change on climate variability from a 155-year tropical Pacific coral record

Today, the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system is the primary driver of interannual variability in global climate, but its long-term behaviour is poorly understood. Instrumental observations reveal a shift in 1976 towards warmer and wetter conditions in the tropical Pacific, with widespread climatic and ecological consequences. This shift, unique over the past century, has prompted debate over the influence of increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases on ENSO variability. Here we present a 155-year ENSO reconstruction from a central tropical Pacific coral that provides new evidence for long-term changes in the regional mean climate and its variability. A gradual transition in the early twentieth century and the abrupt change in 1976, both towards warmer and wetter conditions, co-occur with changes in variability. In the mid-late nineteenth century, cooler and drier background conditions coincided with prominent decadal variability; in the early twentieth century, shorter-period (approximately 2.9 years) variability intensified. After 1920, variability weakens and becomes focused at interannual timescales; with the shift in 1976, variability with a period of about 4 years becomes prominent. Our results suggest that variability in the tropical Pacific is linked to the region's mean climate, and that changes in both have occurred during periods of natural as well as anthropogenic climate forcing.     

安徽祁门县查湾植物区系特征

安徽祁门县湾山地有维管束植物９８３种（包括种以下单位）隶属于５０５属１４６科，根据该区种子植物４６０属的分析，有１４个分布区类型其中热带分布类型１８８属，占该区总属的４５．３％；亚热带，温带分布类型２２７属，占该区总属的５４．７％表现出典型的中亚热带特点，种的结构以东亚成分和中国特有成分为主，占总种数的７８．５％，其中，东亚成分占３２．２％（主要是中国－日本变形）中国特有种占４６．３％，蕨类植物的     

近年气候变化对我国不同地区供暖供冷度日数的影响

通过对覆盖不同气候区的83个站点气象数据进行系统分析,研究了不同气候区供暖供冷度日数受气候变化的影响规律。结果表明:近20年来,空气相对湿度和太阳辐照度在我国大部分地区均呈上升趋势,而气温上升现象主要出现在中部地区和东北地区;近年气候变化造成我国寒冷地区和严寒地区的供暖度日数分别以每10年4.49%和2.41%的速率下降;夏热冬冷地区的供冷度日数以每10年19.22%的速率上升,而夏热冬暖地区供冷度日数则以每10年15.36%的速率下降。