粉体流动性对气流分级影响的研究

利用粉体二次颗粒粒径与其相应休止角间线性关系式的斜率表征粉体的流动性,斜率越小,粉体流动性越好。颗粒流动性对气流分级性能会产生直接影响。碳酸钙粉体斜率的绝对值为0.2816,小于滑石粉粉体斜率绝对值0.3126。物料分级实验结果表明,选择与进口风速匹配的转笼转速,可提高粉体在分级过程中的流动性,降低团聚可能性,提高其综合分级性能。碳酸钙牛顿分级效率要比在相同的操作参数下滑石粉牛顿分级效率高,对于流动性较差的滑石粉体可适当增大风速,提高其分级性能。     

水热法合成超细氧化钇粉体的工艺调控及性能研究

氧化钇作为稀土氧化物中重要的应用材料之一,固具有优良的耐高温性能和抗腐蚀性,被广泛应用于各种制造行业以及军工行业。文章研究了水热法合成超细氧化钇粉体的工艺调控及性能,通过结果分析可得结论如下:随着溶液浓度增大,氧化钇粉体颗粒粒径逐渐增大,比表面积随之逐渐减小,颗粒形貌呈棒状,当溶液浓度为0.1 mol/L时,能得到形貌可控且粒度较小的粉体颗粒。随着pH值增大,氧化钇粉体颗粒粒径逐渐减小,比表面积则逐渐增大,当pH值等于11时,可得形貌较好且粒度较小的超细氧化钇粉体。随着反应时间延长,粉体颗粒的粒径会逐渐增大,比表面积会先增大后减小,当反应时间为1天时,得到的氧化钇粉体形貌可控且粒度较小。     

粘合剂PVA对制造PTC粉体的影响

在制造PTC粉体和器件时,粘合剂PVA加入BaTiO3浆料进行喷雾造粒,通过对浆料和粉体性能的测定,发现PVA加入量、迁移对浆料的粘度和粉体的松装密度、粒径及粒度分布均有影响,并且研究了PVA的粘结作用.选择合适的PVA加入BaTiO3浆料中,通过喷雾造粒,可制得颗粒形状呈球形且粒径分布合适、流动性好、松装密度恒定的PTC粉体.     

颗粒粒径和形貌对纳米ZnO光吸收性能的影响

用沉淀法制备了纳米ZnO,通过控制反应条件得到了几种不同形貌和不同粒径分布范围的纳米级ZnO粉体,用AFM和XRD方法对纳米ZnO样品进行了表征,采用共混法将不同形貌和不同粒径的纳米ZnO粉体制成涂层,利用光透射实验装置测试了各种涂层的光吸收性能。结果表明:纳米ZnO随着粒径的减小,光吸收能力相应地变强;颗粒形貌对光吸收性能有较大影响,片状纳米ZnO比球形纳米ZnO光吸收性能要好。     

颗粒粒径和形貌对纳米ZnO光吸收性能的影响

用沉淀法制备了纳米ZnO,通过控制反应条件得到了几种不同形貌和不同粒径分布范围的纳米级ZnO粉体,用AFM和XRD方法对纳米ZnO样品进行了表征,采用共混法将不同形貌和不同粒径的纳米ZnO粉体制成涂层,利用光透射实验装置测试了各种涂层的光吸收性能。结果表明:纳米ZnO随着粒径的减小,光吸收能力相应地变强;颗粒形貌对光吸收性能有较大影响,片状纳米ZnO比球形纳米ZnO光吸收性能要好。     

布洛芬固体脂微颗粒的制备

用高剪应力乳化法制备了布洛芬固体脂微颗粒(SLM),考察了制备过程中乳化温度、冷却温度、搅拌速率以及初始药物含量等因素对体系性能的影响.发现随乳化温度升高、搅拌速率增大、冷却温度降低,SLM的粒径减小,粒径分布更趋均匀.较低的乳化温度和冷却温度有利于布洛芬在SLM中的包封;而初始药物含量的变化对粒径大小、分布和药物的包封率影响较小.制备布洛芬SLM适宜的工艺条件为:乳化温度85℃、冷却温度5℃、搅拌速率12000 r/min、初始药物含量10%,在该条件下,所制备的布洛芬SLM平均粒径为(3.81±0.12)μm,粒径分布均匀,药物包封率达91.35%±1.18%.相对于纯布洛芬晶体,SLM的完全释放时间从3 h延长至12 h.     

机械振动作用下淤泥液化产生的细颗粒释放机理

在机械振动作用下,利用环境扫描显微镜,对水下淤泥样品液化前后的微观结构进行了观测和分析,获得了振动前后淤泥样品颗粒表面形貌.分析结果发现,淤泥样品在振动载荷作用后,泥沙粒径分布范围缩小,平均粒径减小,黏粒含量有所增加,孔隙率变大.振动载荷的作用破坏了泥沙的微观结构,使其释放出大量的细小颗粒,进而影响其宏观的物理力学特性.     

粒径对石油焦粉及煤粉的堆积与流动特性的影响

以窄粒径分布的2种工业原料粉体——石油焦粉与煤粉为实验物料,通过测试粉体的压缩性、休止角、剪切特性及流动能,研究了粒径对其堆积及流动性的影响,并对比分析了两者的差异性。研究结果表明:随着粒径的增加,粉体压缩性减小、堆积密度增大,基本流动能随之增大;休止角、内聚力和单位流动能随着粒径的增大而减小,粉体流动性变好;随着固结等级的提高,2种粉体的内聚力均增大,流动性变差;在相同固结状态下,2种粉体的剪切性能无明显差别。与大颗粒相比,粒径小于70μm细颗粒的堆积特性及流动性对固结应力的变化更为敏感。不同粉体的对比表明,石油焦粉的堆积密度大于同等粒径的煤粉。在粒径大于70μm的范围内,石油焦粉与煤粉流动性相当;而在粒径小于70μm的范围内,石油焦粉的流动性略差于煤。     

北京西北城区2010年春季一次沙尘暴过程PM10特征研究

采集2010年春季北京市西北城区沙尘暴前期、中期及后期可吸入颗粒物样品,运用场发射扫描电镜和粒度分布软件分析沙尘暴过程中PM10的微观形貌和粒度分布特征。结果表明,沙尘暴期间PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度是一个突然变化的过程,在沙尘期间质量浓度分别增加到1960.68μg/m3、1477.27μg/m3,然后随着沙尘暴的消退逐渐降低,颗粒物质量浓度逐渐减少;对体积——粒度分布的研究表明,无论沙尘暴天气还是非沙尘天气,其体积百分比主要集中在2.5μm以上的较大等效粒径范围内,沙尘暴天气是由于输入了大量的沙尘颗粒,而非沙尘天气的少量大粒径颗粒对体积百分比的影响却很大,导致体积百分比向大等效粒径范围集中;沙尘暴前,颗粒物的微观形貌类型有矿物颗粒、烟尘集合体、球形颗粒和超细未知颗粒,沙尘暴期间,微观形貌类型主要是来源于地壳的矿物颗粒。     

粉体材料颗粒堆积状态对收缩的影响

为提高粉体材料颗粒堆积状态,获得更佳工作性能,各研究人员致力于改善水泥颗粒粒径分布或掺加不同粒径粉体材料。本文通过对不同水泥品种、不同矿物掺合材进行堆积密度及流动度试验结合粉煤灰和硅粉化学收缩实验,从用水量及孔隙结构两方面阐明颗粒堆积状态对收缩的影响。     

粉末特性与工艺参数对SLM成形的影响

通过试验研究了316L不锈钢粉末参数及工艺参数对选择性激光熔化（SLM）成形性能的影响规律．结果表明：单一粒径分布的粉末松装密度低于多种粒径混合后的松装密度;采用2种不同粒径粉末充分混合,最大松装密度达到59．83％;平均粒径小的粉末比平均粒径大的粉末成形性好,粒径分布范围宽的粉末成形时球化现象明显;利用平均粒径为26．36p．m的粉末和优化的工艺参数制造出测试件,最高致密度达99．75％,拉伸强度最高达1068MPa．     

射频等离子体制备球形Ti—6Al—4V粉末性能表征

以不规则形状的Ti—6Al—4V(TC4)粉末为原料,通过射频等离子体球化处理制备了球形TC4粉末,并研究了球化处理对粉末特性及加料速率对粉末球化率的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析和霍尔流速计分别对其粉末微观结构、粒度分布和粉体性能进行了测试和分析.结果表明:TC4粉末经等离子球化处理后得到表面光滑、球形度好及球化率可达到100%的球形粉末;球化处理后,粉末的松装密度、振实密度和粉末流动性得到明显改善,粒度略微增大;随着加料速率的增加,TC4粉的球化率逐渐降低.     

Synthesis of nanocrystalline NiCrC alloy feedstock powders for thermal spraying by cryogenic ball milling

Nanocrystalline NiCrC alloy powders with a qualified particle size distribution for thermal spraying were synthesized using the cryogenic ball milling (cryomilling) method. The morphology, microstructure, size distribution, and phase transformation of the powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scattering for particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After cryomilling for 20 h, the average grain size of the as-milled powders approached a constant value of 30 nm by XRD measurement. The average particle size slightly increased from 17.5 to 20.3 μm during the 20-h milling. About 90vol% of the powders satisfied the requirement for thermal spraying with the particle dimension of 10-50 μm, and most of the powders exhibited spherical morphology, which were expected to have good fluidity during thermal spraying. The Cr₂O₃ phase formed during the cryornilling process as revealed in the XRD spectra, which was expected to enhance the thermal stability of the as-milled powders during the followed thermal spraying or other heat treatment.     

高硅铝合金材料高温充氧氧化工艺

针对应用广泛的高硅铝合金电子封装材料,采用高温充氧氧化工艺,对已挤压成形的Al-30Si及Al-40Si高硅铝合金材料进行后续处理,通过扫描电镜、金相显微镜、热物性测试仪及电子万能拉伸试验机等,对材料显微组织、密度、气密性、热膨胀系数、热导率及抗压强度进行了分析比较。研究结果表明:高温充氧氧化后材料晶粒长大,Si含量高的材料长大更为明显,并存在Si颗粒偏聚现象;高温氧化后材料致密度增加,气密性提高;氧化后Al-30Si材料热膨胀系数略有增加,而充氧氧化对Al-40Si材料的热膨胀系数的影响不明显,但可提高材料热导率,Al-30Si与Al-40Si材料热导率分别提高16.4%和23.5%;高温氧化工艺显著降低材料抗压强度,Al-30Si与Al-40Si材料经氧化后抗压强度分别下降26.8%和20.5%。     

Cu和La对Al-12.6Si合金微观组织和性能的影响

研究了La加入量为0.3%时,铜质量分数(0.3%,0.8%,1.3%,1.8%和2.5%)对共晶铝硅合金(Al-12.6Si)微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当La的加入量为0.3%时,共晶硅由片状和针状变为点状和短棒状,达到了完全变质的状态.随着铜加入量的增加,合金中的Al2Cu相的数量增多、尺寸增加,合金的抗拉强度和硬度逐渐增大,延伸率有所下降;当Cu加入量为2.5%时,Al-12.6Si-2.5Cu-0.3La合金的抗拉强度为241.4MPa,延伸率为4.82%,硬度为83.9HV,与Al-12.6Si合金相比这些力学指标分别提高了58.1%,41.8%和30.9%,合金的力学性能...     

Modifying agent selection for Al-7Si alloy by Miedema model

To determine the modifying agents for Al-7Si alloys, microstructure observation and mixing enthalpy analysis using Miedema model for Al-7Si alloy with additions of different rare earth elements were performed, and the effects of rare earth elements on the modification of eutectic silicon morphology were investigated. The results of mixing enthalpy analysis show that these four rare earth elements, La, Sm, Pr, and Ce, which have the large negative mixing enthalpies with Si, can be selected as modifying agents for eutectic silicon morphology. The element with the largest negative mixing enthalpy is Ce. Furthermore, the microstructures indicate that these four elements can effectively modify the eutectic (α)Al-Si crystals in Al-7Si alloy, and the most effective one is also Ce. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that the eutectic temperature depressions due to the additions of modifying agents are the important reasons for the modification of eutectic (α)Al-Si crystals.     

Sintering study of Ti6Al4V powders with different particle sizes and their mechanical properties

Ti6Al4V powders with three different particle size distributions (0-20, 20-45, and 45-75 μm) were used to evaluate the effect of the particle size distribution on the solid-state sintering and their mechanical properties. The sintering kinetics was determined by dilatometry at temperatures from 900 to 1260℃. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples were evaluated by microhardness and compression tests. The sintering kinetics indicated that the predominant mechanism depends on the relative density irrespective of the particle size used. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples are adversely affected by increasing pore volume fraction. The elastic Young's modulus and yield stress follow a power law function of the relative density. The fracture behavior after compression is linked to the neck size developed during sintering, exhibiting two different mechanisms of failure:interparticle neck breaking and intergranular cracking in samples with relative densities below and above of 90%, respectively. The main conclusion is that relative density is responsible for the kinetics, mechanical properties, and failure behavior of Ti6Al4V powders.     

A brief introduction to the selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V powders by supreme-speed plasma rotating electrode process

In the present study,Ti6A14V spherical powders were prepared by supreme-speed plasma rotating electrode process and the particle size fit log-normal distribution.The average diameter of the powders was successfully determined by a model developed in this work,suggesting that the particle size distribution is mainly affected by the rotating speed.The log-normal distribution factor of the particle size distribution maintains stable as the rotating speed ω varies.The particle size distribution indicates that the main atomization mode of Ti6Al4V under supreme-speed plasma rotating electrode process is of the characteristics of direct drop formation.The mechanical properties of the samples prepared by selective laser melting of Ti6A14V powders were characterized,indicating that such Ti6Al4V samples with isotropy structure exhibit high yield strength and good ductility.     

Brazing 6061 aluminum alloy with Al-Si-Zn filler metals containing Sr

Al-6.5Si-42Zn and Al-6.5Si-42Zn-0.09Sr filler metals were used for brazing 6061 aluminum alloy. Air cooling and water cooling were applied after brazing. Si phase morphologies in the brazing alloy and the brazed joints were investigated. It was found that zinc in the Al-Si filler metals could reduce the formation of eutectic Al-Si phase and lower the brazing temperature at about 520℃. Adding 0.09wt% Sr element into the Al-6.5Si-42Zn alloy caused α-Al phase refinement and transformed acicular Si phase into the finely fiber-like. After water cooling, Zn element dissolved into the Al-Si eutectic area, and η-Zn phase disappeared in the brazed joints. Tensile strength testing results showed that the Sr-modified filler metal could enhance the strength of the brazed joints by 13% than Al-12Si, while water-cooling further improved the strength at 144 MPa.     

Al,K和Si对钼粉还原及烧结过程的影响

采用液固掺杂技术将不同含量的KOH,H₂SiO₃和Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O溶液加入到MoO₂粉末中,并通过还原、压制和烧结工艺制备成钼棒。研究了掺杂钼粉的平均费氏粒度、松装密度与掺杂量的关系,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对掺杂钼粉的表面形貌及烧结钼棒的断口形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,随着K,Al和Si掺杂量的提高,钼粉的粒度及松装密度均呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,且钼棒晶粒中的气孔呈增多趋势。通过SEM分析发现,由于K,Al和Si的掺杂,烧结钼棒的断裂形貌由沿晶断裂逐渐向穿晶断裂转变。综合比较后认为,Mo-0.005Al-0.27K-0.098Si和Mo-0.005Al-0.36K-0.1305Si为最优配方。