低比转速离心泵运行可靠性的研究

本文针对低比转速离心泵存在扬程曲线有驼峰、大流量运行时过载、易发生汽蚀、易泄漏等难题,从消除驼峰、采用无过载设计方法、提高离心泵抗汽蚀能力、采用机械密封和应用监测系统与故障诊断等角度进行了研究,提出了相应的设计方法或措施,可作为低比转速离心泵设计的参考依据。     

中比转速无过载多级离心泵的叶轮设计方法

为达到中比转速多级离心泵无过载性能的要求,在无过载理论的基础上,根据速度系数法推导出新的中比转速多级离心泵叶轮的无过载设计公式,设计了比转速为89.3和135.0的多级泵叶轮,利用Fluent软件进行模拟计算,并与传统公式所设计的泵叶轮进行对比分析.结果表明:在2个设计实例中,采用所推导的公式设计的叶轮轴功率曲线均出现极大值,功率备用系数K分别为1.13和1.03,从而验证了所推导公式的准确性;与采用传统公式相比,采用所推导的公式设计的2种泵的扬程分别提高了14.0%、7.5%,效率分别提高了2.68%、1.03%,而且能够保证较小的径向尺寸;推导的公式较适用于中比转速无过载多级离心泵的叶轮设计.     

低比转速离心泵加大系数的计算方法探讨

依据离心泵叶轮出口宽度、比转速的计算式推导得出了计算低比转速离心泵流量、扬程及比转速放大系数的计算公式,提出了建立在离心泵性能预测基础上的理论计算低比转速离心泵最佳流量、扬程及比转速放大系数的方法,解决了泵行业一直依据经验统计值确定其放大系数不能使低比转速离心泵在设计点效率最高的问题．经实例验证表明：本文提出的方法能够提高低比转速离心泵在设计工况点的效率,充实了低比转速离心泵的设计理论。     

GSB低比转速高速复合叶轮离心泵

浙江大学化机所经过几年的努力,成功地开发出GSB系列低比转速高速离心泵,设计了带有诱导轮的具有长中短叶片的复合叶轮离心泵,从而提高了高速离心泵机组的效率并拓宽了低比转速高速离心泵的使用范围,将比转速n_s=30延拓到16以下。     

低比转速离心泵的面积比原理

依据离心泵的面积比原理,提出了建立在面积比原理基础上低比转速离心泵在加大流量设计后计算面积比、第八断面面积的方法及计算公式,此面积比和第八断面面积与泵的流量加大系数、比转速加大系数有关,解决了依据经验统计值确定面积比且不能使低比转速离心泵在设计点效率最高这一问题.实例表明:提出的计算方法能够提高低比转速离心泵的效率,充实了低比转速离心泵的设计理论.     

“无过载离心泵理论与设计方法的研究”通过鉴定

“无过载离心泵理论与设计方法的研究”通过鉴定由江苏理工大学流体中心完成的“无过载离心泵理论与设计方法的研究”于１９９５年６月通过了机械工业部农业装备司组织的技术鉴定．该项目针对低比速泵的无过载条件，用正交试验研究了主要几何参数对无过载性能的影响．推导...     

基于NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法的低比转速离心泵多目标寻优

为了提高低比转速离心泵的水力效率和扬程,选取比转速为30的某一低比转速离心泵为研究对象,以离心泵的扬程和水力效率最大值作为优化目标,采用离心泵基本方程与Plackeet-Burman试验相结合的方法进行参数筛选,最终选取离心泵叶轮的叶片出口安放角、叶片包角和叶片出口宽度作为优化变量.在优化过程中,采用最优拉丁超立方设计方法安排了30组试验,利用RBF神经网络模型拟合出优化目标与变量之间的近似模型,并运用基于NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法进行多目标寻优.优化结果表明:优化后的叶轮扬程基本没有变化,水力效率提高了5.82%,消除了流量-扬程曲线的驼峰现象,使离心泵的运行更加稳定;优化后叶轮流道内的压力梯度减小,漩涡的发生区域及大小也有不同程度的改善;叶轮流道内湍流区域分布均匀,叶片做功能力增强,水力效率得到提高.     

缝隙引流叶片对低比转速离心泵性能的影响

低比转速离心泵由于叶轮直径大、出口宽度小、流道扩散严重等原因,导致其效率偏低且很难改善.缝隙引流技术可大幅提高低比转速离心泵的性能.为进一步分析缝隙引流技术对不同低比转速离心泵性能的影响,设计3种不同比转速的常规叶轮和缝隙引流叶轮.为便于分析比较,将同一比转速的叶轮在同一蜗壳内进行实验.实验结果表明:缝隙引流技术可有效地提高扭曲叶片叶轮的性能,且对不同低比转速离心泵性能的影响程度和影响区域不同;缝隙引流叶片包角和缝隙越小,对泵性能的改善越有利.     

基于高维混合模型与遗传算法的离心泵叶片优化

提出了一种基于机器学习的高维混合模型用于离心泵的叶片优化方法.选用一台低比转速离心泵,以离心泵叶轮叶片为研究对象,通过对叶片型线拟合分离多变量参数,利用支持向量机的高维表示方法,结合计算流体动力学软件,经过对训练集的机器学习,构建了离心泵叶片型线优化的代理模型.依据遗传算法求解离心泵多变量代理模型,预测了离心泵效率最高点及在该点时的叶片型线几何参数.运用数值模拟和试验研究的方法验证了预测数据,结果表明:数值模拟性能曲线与试验结果大体相符;在设计工况点,经代理模型优化后的数值模拟效率值较原型泵提高了2.61%,扬程提升了0.82 m,试验效率值较原型泵提高了2.1%,扬程提升了0.75 m.     

缝隙引流叶轮的优化设计

以带缝隙引流叶片的低比转速离心泵叶轮为研究对象, 研究了缝隙引流叶片的位置对低比转速离心泵水力性能的影响. 基于叶片参数化设计、网格划分、CFD(computational fluid dynamics)计算和后处理过程全自动集成的优化平台, 以离心泵叶轮水力效率最大化为目标函数, 采用实验设计法(design of experiments, DOE)和序列二次规划法(sequential quadratic programming, SQP)组合策略进行优化设计. 将优化后得到的新叶轮和原始叶轮进行对比分析发现, 优化后泵流道内堵塞情况减少, 扬程提高, 0.6Q 工况以后优化叶轮的效率比原始叶轮高, 同时最高点效率提高了2% 以上. 研究结果表明, 该设计方法切实可行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with