细化母相奥氏体组织的研究

在Gleeble 1500热模拟机上以SS400钢为研究对象,采用冷加工+α→γ逆相变等实验工艺,研究了此变形工艺对奥氏体再结晶行为的影响以及细化母相奥氏体晶粒的方法.结果表明,由于低温大变形及快速升温同时有铁素体基体的回复、再结晶或奥氏体相变这三个相互竞争的过程发生,可得到晶粒尺寸为10-12 μm的奥氏体晶粒.     

不同形变速率条件下低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程铁素体超细化

研究了低碳钢过冷奥氏体在760℃,形变速率为1 s-1和10 s-1变形时组织演变规律.结果表明,形变速率为1 s-1时真应力-应变曲线双峰特征为形变强化相变和铁素体动态再结晶的表征,相变形核集中在铁素体/奥氏体相界前沿奥氏体高畸变区,晶粒长大在时间和空间上受到限制,细化能力较高;形变速率提高到10 s-1时,相变动力学提前,曲线只表现为形变强化相变的单峰特征,相变形核除了在上述铁素体/奥氏体相界前沿奥氏体高畸变区,还分布到奥氏体晶内各处,晶粒间约束有所减小,尺寸稍大.通过形变强化相变和铁素体动态再结晶可以获得平均晶粒尺寸为(1.98士1.07)μm和(2.33士1.01)μm(10 s-1)左右的微细铁素体晶粒.     

形变条件对热变形过冷奥氏体相变的影响

热变形造成的奥氏体组织结构的变化将影响到热变形奥氏体在随后冷却过程中的相变．依据热模拟试验结果，研究了变形温度、变形速率、变形量和变形后高温停留影响相变过程的微观物理本质，认为变形促进热变形奥氏体的相变，提出变形温度、变形速率和变形后高温停留时间对热变形奥氏体转变过程没有直接联系，但可以通过对再结晶过程的控制影响相变过程．再结晶虽然可能细化了晶粒，但大量消耗了热变形奥氏体中的晶体缺陷，其结果是迟滞了相变过程．     

热模拟平面应变条件下的热轧织构研究

以微合金钢为材料,采用光学显微镜和EBSD,研究热模拟平面应变实验条件下再结晶奥氏体和变形奥氏体的织构演变.研究发现,在热模拟平面应变实验的压缩过程中,试样的两个自由端限制了变形区金属的宽向流动,达到了很好的平面应变状态.对于再结晶奥氏体相变工艺,由于相变前奥氏体发生再结晶,无畸变保留,奥氏体分解为仿晶界铁素体、贝氏体和少量的珠光体,织构为{100}011α;对于变形奥氏体相变工艺,未再结晶区的变形促进了铁素体相变,使奥氏体分解为铁素体和珠光体组织,织构为{332}113α和{113}110α.此两种工艺条件下的织构,皆为平面应变条件下的奥氏体相变织构,即热模拟平面应变实验可以达到很好的平面应变状态,可用于研究热轧过程的织构演变.     

22CrS齿轮钢变形奥氏体动态再结晶行为及组织演变

采用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机研究了一种新型Mn Cr系齿轮钢在变形量为70%,变形速率为0.1～1s-1,变形温度为850～1150℃,原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸为70～150μm条件下的动态再结晶行为及再结晶后奥氏体晶粒尺寸的变化规律·研究结果表明:在一定的变形量下,变形速率、变形温度、奥氏体晶粒尺寸是影响再结晶的3个因素,只有变形条件Z小于上临界值Zc时才会发生动态再结晶·再结晶后奥氏体晶粒尺寸 D是由变形条件Z惟一地决定而与原始奥氏体晶粒大小无关,Z增加, D减小,二者符合关系式Z=A D-3.91·     

40Cr钢奥氏体动态再结晶及晶粒细化

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上以40Cr钢为对象,研究了热变形奥氏体动态再结晶行为以及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸与变形参数间的变化规律.通过控制形变温度、变形量及应变速率等工艺参数,40Cr钢高温形变动态再结晶可使晶粒细化到9 μm左右.奥氏体动态再结晶晶粒尺寸取决于Zener-Hollomon(Z)参数,提高应变速率及降低形变温度都有利于Z参数增大,流变应力峰值较高,奥氏体动态再结晶晶粒减小.在传统的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸公式中引入应变量,得出40Cr钢的动态结晶晶粒尺寸计算公式.     

X70管线钢热变形奥氏体的静态再结晶行为

通过双道次压缩实验,在Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机上研究了X70管线钢在不同变形工艺下奥氏体的软化行为,分析了不同变形温度、间隔时间、应变速率、变形量及初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸等参数对静态再结晶行为的影响规律,采用应力补偿法计算了不同变形条件下的静态再结晶百分率. 根据实验数据,计算出X70管线钢静态再结晶激活能为435.3kJmol-1,建立了其静态再结晶动力学模型.     

合金元素和工艺参数对热轧TRIP钢动态相变的影响

利用Gleeble热模拟试验机进行单轴压缩试验,研究了C-Mn-Si TRIP钢和C-Mn-Al-Si TRIP钢过冷奥氏体形变过程的组织演变,分析了合金元素和工艺参数对过冷奥氏体动态相变的影响.与等温相变相比,C-Mn-Si钢和C-MnAl-Si钢动态相变动力学明显加快.与C-Mn-Si钢相比,用质量分数约1%的Al替代Si后,C-Mn-Al-Si钢的A3温度明显提高,在相同变形工艺条件下C-Mn-Al-Si钢过冷奥氏体动态相变较易发生,而C-Mn-Si钢动态相变得到的铁素体晶粒比较细小.减小动态相变前奥氏体晶粒尺寸,有利于过冷奥氏体动态相变的进行.提高过冷奥氏体形变时的变形温度或应变速率均对动态相变产生一定的阻碍作用,但影响不显著.     

ESP工艺下低碳钢奥氏体演变行为

通过楔形铸坯直接轧制和带有中间坯补热工序的大道次变形量热轧实验,研究了铸坯直接轧制、大道次变形量以及中间坯补热工序对奥氏体组织演变的影响,并与常规热轧工艺进行了对比.结果表明:随铸坯压下率增加,变形后奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐细化.与铸坯再加热轧制工艺相比,当压下率为48%,53.6%和66.7%时,铸坯直接轧制工艺的奥氏体晶粒较为粗大,压下率为72.3%时,其变形组织更为细小均匀.与常规工艺相比,粗轧阶段大道次变形量促进奥氏体再结晶;中间坯补热工序提高了奥氏体晶粒尺寸均匀化程度.     

S38MnSiV非调质钢热变形行为及组织演变

利用MMS-300热模拟试验机开展单道次压缩实验和光学显微组织观察,研究了S38MnSiV非调质钢在温度为1173~1423K及应变速率为001~10s-1条件下的热变形行为,获得了应变速率和变形温度对该钢动态再结晶行为及组织的影响规律,按照双曲正弦方法确定了实验钢的热变形激活能和本构方程.结果表明:变形温度越高,应变速率越低,越有利于动态再结晶的发生;随着动态再结晶的进行,奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸随应变的增加逐渐减小;当应力达到稳态时,奥氏体晶粒尺寸不再随应变而发生变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that