Evaluating the Role of International Trade in the Growth of China's CO_2 Emissions

International trade matters in assessing the extent of China’s responsibility for CO2 emissions.A determining factor is whether emissions are measured in production or in consumption terms.Based on a series of input-output tables,an empirical analysis is conducted to measure the impact of international trade on China’s emissions growth during the period 1997 to 2007.The authors also measure the impact on emissions of bilateral trade between China and US,European Union and Japan.As the largest of the developing countries,China has a trade surplus that can substantially influence its measured responsibility for emissions.The authors consider some policy implications for international negotiations to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.     

A Research on Path Optimization for Business Structure of Chinese Investment Banks

Chinese investment banks, as a part of the financial market, play an important role in the development of the national economy. With the development of financial market after China＇s entry into WTO, the investment banks confront with immensely international competition. Meanwhile, Chinese investment banks are facing with problems such as elementary business structure, small capitalization and faultiness of governance, which lead to their less competitive power. This article conducts research from the perspective of path optimization of business structure of investment banks. Through economic analysis of path optimization of business structure, we conclude path optimization of business structure of domestic investment banks will lay a solid foundation for enhancing their competitive power. Whereafter this article constructs optimized path for business structure of Chinese investment banks and analyzes the influence factors of the optimized path. At last, this article advises on how to enhance the business structure of Chinese investment banks.     

The Influences of FDI on China＇s Economy

During the past 30 years, China has attracted huge amounts of Foreign Direct Investment （FDI） inflows and FDI firms have become an important element of the Chinese economy. The paper discusses the influence of FDI on China＇s economy, summarizes the analysis of the external effects of FDI and focuses on the domestic effects of FDI.     

Motivations of Chinese outward direct investment: The sector perspective

From the sector perspective of mining,manufacturing and services,the motivations of Chinese outward direct investment(further ODI)are discussed during the period from 2001 to 2012,acknowledging different host countries and firms’ownership structures.The estimated results justify that the location determinants of Chinese ODI differ between sectors,which implies the motivation behind such investment may vary.As expected,resource-seeking is the most important motivation for Chinese ODI in mining sector;market-and strategic asset-seeking motivations are possessed by both manufacturing and services sectors.The probability of the host country receiving Chinese FDI,as well as high FDI openness and frequent bilateral trade with China is favorable for doing business.Results also suggest that the factors increasing the probability of a country being chosen as a location for Chinese ODI vary between different host countries,as do different ownership structures.     

PLATFORM SELECTION FOR COMPLEX SYSTEMS:BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

Automation systems for buildings interconnect components and technologies from the information technology industry and the telecommunications industry.In these industries,existing platforms and new platforms（that are designed to make building automation systems work） compete for market acceptance and consequently several platform battles among suppliers for building automation networking are being waged.It is unclear what the outcome of these battles will be and also which factors are important in achieving platform dominance.Taking the fuzziness of decision makers＇ judgments into account,a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology called the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied to investigate the importance of such factors in platform battles for building automation networking.We present the relative importance of the factors for three types of platforms（subsystem platforms,system platforms,and evolved subsystem platforms）.The results provide a first indication that the set of important factors differs per type of platform.For example,when focusing on other stakeholders,for subsystem platforms,the previous installed base is of importance;for system platforms,the diversity of the network of stakeholders is essential;and for evolved subsystem platforms,the judiciary is an important factor.     

CRUDE OIL PRICE FORECASTING WITH TEI@I METHODOLOGY

The difficulty in crude oil price forecasting, due to inherent complexity, has attracted much attention of academic researchers and business practitioners. Various methods have been tried to solve the problem of forecasting crude oil prices. However, all of the existing models of prediction can not meet practical needs. Very recently, Wang and Yu proposed a new methodology for handling complex systems-TEI@I methodology by means of a systematic integration of text mining, econometrics and intelligent techniques.Within the framework of TEI@I methodology, econometrical models are used to model the linear components of crude oil price time series (i.e., main trends) while nonlinear components of crude oil price time series (i.e., error terms) are modelled by using artificial neural network (ANN) models. In addition, the impact of irregular and infrequent future events on crude oil price is explored using web-based text mining (WTM) and rule-based expert systems (RES) techniques. Thus, a fully novel nonlinear integrated forecasting approach with error correction and judgmental adjustment is formulated to improve prediction performance within the framework of the TEI@I methodology. The proposed methodology and the novel forecasting approach are illustrated via an example.     

MULTILATERAL COMPARISON ON CHINESE MANUFACTURING’S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

1. Introduction Since the early 1980s, China has undergone two restructuring processes: one is the process of industrialization and the other is the transition from a central-planned economy to a market one. The outward-oriented trade strategy plays a very important role in two dimensions of development. An important determinant of a country's external payments position is its international competitiveness. It is reported that factors ofmaking international competitiveness include price facto…     

R ＆ D STRATEGIC INVESTMENT IN AN ASYMMETRICAL CASE

This article analyzes R ＆ D investment decisions in an asymmetrical case. The investment decisions share three important characteristics. First, the investment is completely irreversible. Second, there are two kinds of uncertainties over the future returns from the investment and over technology in R ＆ D process, respectively. Third, there is strategic competition in the asymmetrical case. This article presents the optimal investment threshold values and the optimal investment rule of high-efficient firm （leader）, and shows that the investment threshold values are reduced by competition of two firms. Finally, the mixed investment strategies for two firms, the probability that each firm separately exercises the option to invest, and the probability that two firms simultaneously exercise the option are given in the paper.     

Coordination game model of co-opetition relationship on cluster supply chains

The research of cluster supply chains is a new direction and a hotspot of the industrial cluster theory. On the condition of the coordination game, the enterprises may be stuck on the non-efficient equilibrium status, which becomes an important problem that must be considered on cluster supply chains. A symmetrical coordination game model is constituted to describe the competition and cooperation relationship of the same-quality manufacturers on cluster supply chains. The methods of the non-cooperation game theory and the evolutionary game theory are respectively used to analyze the model, whose parameters＇ influences under each method are then compared. It can be concluded that the analysis of the evolutionary game theory is more realistic and practical. Finally, three approaches are considered to break away from being path-dependence locked-in non-efficient status during this coordination game evolutionary process, which provide the development of cluster supply chains with an effective forecasting and Pareto optimizing method.     

Multi-parameters uncertainty analysis of logistic support process based on GERT

The uncertainty analysis is an effective sensitivity analysis method for system model analysis and optimization. However,the existing single-factor uncertainty analysis methods are not well used in the logistic support systems with multiple decision-making factors. The multiple transfer parameters graphical evaluation and review technique（MTP-GERT） is used to model the logistic support process in consideration of two important factors, support activity time and support activity resources, which are two primary causes for the logistic support process uncertainty. On this basis,a global sensitivity analysis（GSA） method based on covariance is designed to analyze the logistic support process uncertainty. The aircraft support process is selected as a case application which illustrates the validity of the proposed method to analyze the support process uncertainty, and some feasible recommendations are proposed for aircraft support decision making on carrier.     

The Influencing Factors of sCER Price Dynamics Under the Clean Development Mechanism: Theory and Econometric Analysis

In order to explore the factors and their complex mechanism affecting the price dynamics under the clean development mechanism(CDM), this article employs the secondary Certified Emission Reduction(sCER) carbon price as the study object, and analyzes its influencing factors from aspects of the international carbon-reduction policies, macroeconomic fluctuations, energy and similar carbon products prices. The innovation of this paper lies in: Introducing necessary factor(the developing countries pricing power) and the application of several international representative indicators to underline the "world" nature of CDM; utilizing different econometric models to obtain noteworthy and more robust results. The authors test the theoretical findings with multiple stationary time series from the launch of CDM to present(2008–2016). The results reveal that s CER price fluctuation shows the characteristic of asymmetry and substantial persistence. There is a strong statistically significant relationship between macroeconomic conditions, coal and oil prices, with the price of s CER. The authors discover that the pricing power of developing countries indeed has a clear but small impact on the s CER price changes, whereas the price elasticity of supply under CDM is so weak. The interaction between EU emission allowances(EUAs) and s CER presents a shift from dependency to substitution.     

Optimal Investment with Noise Trading Risk

This paper investigates the optimal dynamic investment for an investor who maximizes constant absolute risk aversion （CARA） utility in a discrete-time market with a riskfree bond and a risky stock. The risky stock is assumed to present both the dividend risk and the price risk. With our assumptions, the dividend risk is equivalent to fundamental risk, and the price risk is equivalent to the noise trading risk. The analytical expression for the optimal investment strategy is obtained by dynamic programming. The main result in this paper highlights the importance of differentiating between noise trading risk and fundamental risk for the optimal dynamic investment.     

我国短期经济波动的监测预警系统

By considering the actual condition of China’s conomic development,a complete monitoring and advanced-warning system for China’s economic waves is established in this pa-pe.And then,positive analysis of China’s economic waves is done by using the system. The complete method for establishing the monitoring and advanced一warning system is given also in this paper, and the system’s effective function in macro一economic adjustment and control is described.     

Exponential distribution-based genetic algorithm for solving mixed-integer bilevel programming problems

Two classes of mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel programming problems are discussed. One is that the follower＇s functions are separable with respect to the follower＇s variables, and the other is that the follower＇s functions are convex if the follower＇s variables are not restricted to integers. A genetic algorithm based on an exponential distribution is proposed for the aforementioned problems. First, for each fixed leader＇s variable x, it is proved that the optimal solution y of the follower＇s mixed-integer programming can be obtained by solving associated relaxed problems, and according to the convexity of the functions involved, a simplified branch and bound approach is given to solve the follower＇s programming for the second class of problems. Furthermore, based on an exponential distribution with a parameter λ, a new crossover operator is designed in which the best individuals are used to generate better offspring of crossover. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust.     

An Empirical Research on the Evolution Model of Competitiveness Between Different Life Cycle Stages in Chinese Enterprises

The characteristic of enterprise competitiveness is different between different life cycle stages. In this paper we surveyed the enterprise competitiveness＇s differences in various stages of the life cycle and the evolution model of three aspects of enterprise com- petitiveness as resource, capability and dynamic capability by questionnaire survey. The result shows that there are significant differences between different life cycle stages of en- terprise competitiveness in China. The enterprise competitiveness is stronger and stronger during the periods from the enterprise＇s birth to maturity, while in the enterprise＇s recession period the competitiveness becomes much weaker. The competitiveness＇s constitutive features in each stage are as follows： in the enterprise＇s born stage the enterprise is lack of resources and its competition mainly relies on the ability; in the enterprise＇s growth stage the enterprise＇s resources become richer and are as important as enterprise＇s ability in the constitution of enterprise competitiveness; in the maturity stage the enterprise＇s people, money and material resources all become very rich but the role of capability in enterprise competitiveness begins to decrease; in the enterprise＇s recession stage the en- terprise resources begin to exhaust, and the enterprise＇s competitiveness returns to rely on capability, and in this period the enterprise＇s learning ability, innovation ability and dynamic mechanisms perform worst, which will affect the enterprise＇s revival and lead to the ultimate death of enterprise. These conclusions have great value for reference to the enterprise＇s competitive strategy making for different life cycle stages.     

An effective multiple criteria approach to infrastructure reconstruction in devastated countries

1. The Setting There are many countries worldwide suffering from the consequences of disasters and conflicts or wars, and they often have been inJOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 233 dire straits for long periods of time. The degradation of resources and utility services is a direct result of those conflicts. A concerted response from the international community to rehabilitate these countries to minimize their human tragedies is urgently needed and is growin…     

The Technology Selection and Critical Successful Factors in the Information Technology （IT） Growth of Manufacturing Corporations in China

With the rapid development of the information technology （IT） and the more competitive environment of the corporations, IT is not only important for the enterprises tactically but also strategically, We extend the concept of the critical success factors （CSF） and Nolan＇s stages theory to identify the IT issues and measure their CSF of the manufacturers in China. We put forward the IT selection matrix based on Nolan＇s stages theory to analyze the IT application in manufacturers in Beijing based on our survey. We analyze the development of IT, IT selection strategy and the CSF influencing the IT growth of manufacturers in China.     

Structural decomposition analysis on China’s energy intensity change for 1987–2005

There has been considerable debate about the major factors responsible for the dramatic decline of China’s energy intensity in the 1980s and 1990s.However,few detailed analysis has been done to explain the fluctuation in energy intensity during 2002-2005.In this paper,we use the structural decomposition analysis(SDA) to decompose energy intensity into five determining factors:Energy input coefficient,technology coefficient(Leontief inverse coefficient),final demands structure by product, final demands by category and final energy consumption coefficient.We then further decompose two coefficients,energy input coefficient and technology coefficient,into structure and real coefficient. Empirical study is carried out based on the energy-input-output tables from 1987 to 2005 in 2000 constant price.The results show that between 1987 and 2002,energy input structure accounts for most of the decline in energy intensity.However,the input structure and final demands structure by product explain the increase of the energy intensity between 2002 and 2005.     

The Structure Entropy of Social Networks

Micro triadic structure is an important motif and serves the building block of complex networks. In this paper, the authors define structure entropy for a social network and explain this concept by using the coded triads proposed by Davis and Leinhardt in 1972. The proposed structure entropy serves as a new macro-evolution index to measure the network’s stability at a given timestamp.Empirical analysis of real-world network structure entropy discloses rich information on the mechanism that yield...