微生物固定法降解含聚废水的最佳条件

利用从含聚废水中分离纯化得到的单一菌株R4-1,R4-2,R4-3,R4-5,H4-3,以海藻酸钠-PVA为包埋剂,采用包埋固定法对5种菌的混合菌进行固定化实验.通过单因素实验和正交实验,系统考察了湿菌体与包埋剂的体积比、氯化钙质量分数、硼酸质量分数和交联时间等因素对聚丙烯酰胺降解率的影响.实验得到微生物固定法降解含聚废水的最佳制备条件:4%海藻酸钠,4%的PVA,湿菌体与包埋剂体积比1∶1,2%氯化钙,3%硼酸,分段交联时间为氯化钙4h后硼酸20h.湿菌体与包埋剂的体积比对聚丙烯酰胺降解率的影响十分显著.追加实验最佳制备条件,得到微生物固定化颗粒对含聚废水的降解率可达到83.1%.     

聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠固定Flavobacteriumsp对地表水的修复效果

从河流底泥、河水水体中分离得到一株黄杆菌Flavobacteriumsp．（Oil56）．用聚乙烯醇（polyvinylalcohol,PVA）和海藻酸钠（sodiumalginates,Na·Alg）为包埋载体,以五硼酸铵和氯酸铁溶液为交联剂,固定黄杆菌Flavobacteriumsp．Oil56得到固定化球形颗粒．对比研究了固定化颗粒与游离菌对地表水的降解效果,结果表明在COD初始质量浓度为77~205mg／L时,用固定化Flavobacteriumsp．Oil56修复48h的COD去除率为48．2％～50．6％,比游离菌的降解效率提高了42．7％～45．8％．利用扫描电镜（SEM）研究了固定化球形颗粒在降解过程中的微环境变化．     

降解甲醛的假单胞菌菌株的固定化研究

从印染厂采集的活性污泥中筛选得到1株快速降解甲醛的菌株并命名为 W1,通过形态与生理生化特征的鉴定,初步鉴定 W1菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)．以海藻酸钠为包埋载体固定 W1菌株进行降解甲醛的初步研究,采用不同海藻酸钠浓度、菌悬液添加量配制成不同的包埋载体,利用 L9(33)正交试验对 W1菌株降解甲醛条件进行优化,分析其甲醛降解率的变化．实验结果表明：培养基为(NH4)2 SO42．4 g/L, MgSO4?7H2 O 0．2 g/L,微量元素母液0．1 mL,pH 值9．0,30℃恒温培养,在此条件下甲醛48h内的降解率达80．3％．通过对甲醛降解菌 W1固定化的研究,为生物法去除甲醛的应用奠定基础．     

海藻酸钠包埋啤酒酵母絮凝剂的制备研究

为了提高固定化啤酒酵母絮凝岩溶水硬度和矿化度的能力,采用固定化剂海藻酸钠包埋啤酒酵母,并制备了粒径1~2mm的固定化啤酒酵母絮凝剂小球。以啤酒酵母固定化菌的物理性质及对岩溶水硬度和矿化度絮凝率为指标,考察了固定化因素海藻酸钠质量分数、菌体海藻酸钠质量比、交联时间及氯化钙质量分数对固定化小球的物理性质及絮凝岩溶水的影响。结果显示,制作固定化菌的最优固定化条件分别为:海藻酸钠质量分数2.0%-3.0%、菌体海藻酸钠质量比6%-8%、交联时间6~10h和氯化钙质量分数2.0%-4.0%,此时的啤酒酵母固定化菌物理性质最优。由正交实验确定影响因素主次顺序及最优水平组合后,结果发现:较其他因素而言,海藻酸钠质量分数与菌体包埋比对絮凝率影响较大;当选取质量分数为2.0%的海藻酸钠、10%的菌体质量比、4.0%的氯化钙和10h的交联时间条件下制作的固定化小球,在投加量4g·L-1,絮凝时间60min时,对岩溶水的矿化度和硬度絮凝率分别达到76.97%和59.77%,处理后的岩溶水矿化度从3 109mg·L-1降到1 258mg·L-1,矿化度达到了《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-93)的Ⅳ类用水标准,硬度从2 856mg·L-1降到了658mg·L-1,硬度接近《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-93)的Ⅳ类用水标准。     

固定化反硝化聚磷菌制备方法的研究

选用海藻酸钠(CA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合物作为包埋载体,对经富集培养的以反硝化聚磷菌为主的活性污泥固定化制备方法进行了研究.利用正交实验考察了包埋菌体量、海藻酸钠质量分数、沸石添加量和交联时间对固定化菌除磷效果的影响,着重研究了包埋菌体量和沸石添加量这2个显著性影响因素对固定化小球性能的影响.研究表明,制备固定化反硝化聚磷菌的最佳包埋条件是:PVA质量分数为8%,CA质量分数为3%,包埋菌质量体积浓度为25g/L,沸石质量体积浓度为20 g/L,固定化小球交联时间为18 h.     

包埋固定化Rhodopseudomonas palustris对邻氯苯酚的降解

以海藻酸钠为包埋载体,活性炭为添加材料,对沼泽红假单胞菌Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-1D进行固定化,通过正交试验确定固定化微生物小球的最佳制备条件:活性炭添加量为1%,海藻酸钠质量分数为3%,包埋菌体与包埋材料的质量比为1/20。在最佳条件下,微生物小球培养7 d后对2-氯苯酚(2-CP)的降解率为72.6%。对比研究微生物小球和游离细菌的降酚效果。将微生物小球引入序批式好氧生物反应器(SBR)工艺中,分别研究小球投加量、曝气时间、曝气量对生物反应器降解2-氯苯酚效果的影响。试验结果表明:微生物小球对2-CP的降解率较游离细菌有明显提高。在黑暗好氧条件下,有效容积为5 L的固定化生物反应器对2-CP模拟废水降解处理的最佳稳定工艺条件为:微生物小球投加量为20 g,曝气时间10 h,曝气量为100 L/h。在此条件下,经过连续30个周期的测定,微生物小球对2-CP的平均去除率始终保持在65%左右。     

苯酚高效降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

从某焦化厂处理废水的活性污泥中筛选到一株苯酚高效降解菌(Wust-C),该菌属革兰氏阴性菌.对Wust-C降解苯酚的特性进行试验研究.结果表明,在初始苯酚浓度为1 000 mg/L的试样中,培养24 h后,Wust-C对苯酚的降解率可达98％;初始苯酚浓度为300 mg/L试样中的苯酚可在8h内完全降解.采用海藻酸钠对菌体进行固定化后,Wust-C的降酚效率进一步得到提高.培养24 h后,固定化Wust-C对初始苯酚浓度为1 200 mg/L试样中的苯酚降解率达到100％,初始苯酚浓度为300 mg/L试样中的苯酚可在4h内完全降解.Wust-C的加入对混合菌群降解苯酚起到了促进作用.     

海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化漆酶的研究

采用海藻酸钠包埋法和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖包埋-交联法固定化漆酶,探讨了固定化条件、固定化漆酶及游离酶的酶学性质,结果表明：包埋法和包埋-交联法固定化漆酶的最佳条件分别为海藻酸钠浓度3％、CaCl2浓度1．5％和海藻酸钠浓度2％、CaCl2浓度2％、壳聚糖浓度1．5％、戊二醛浓度1％．两种固定化漆酶的最适pH和最适温度相同,分别为5．0和30℃,游离酶pH为4．6,温度20℃．包埋法固定化漆酶、包埋一交联法固定化漆酶和游离酶的米氏常数分别为3．3,2．8,1．22mmol／L．     

固定化苍白杆菌PW降解芘的研究

以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇为混合载体,采取包埋法固定化苍白杆菌PW,降解培养基中的芘。在实验中分析了固定化载体浓度对固定化小球机械强度和传质系数的影响;绘制出固定化PW菌和游离菌降解芘的动力学曲线,比较了二者的差异;分析了pH值和温度对PW菌降解芘的影响。研究结果表明：随着海藻酸钠浓度的提高,固定化小球的传质性能变好,机械强度提高;随着聚乙烯醇的浓度的提高,固定化小球的传质性能变差,机械强度提高;在同样的条件下,固定化PW菌降解芘的效果要优于游离菌;固定化PW菌降解芘的最适pH为6.5~7.5,最适温度为30℃左右。     

响应曲面法优化β-葡萄糖苷酶固定化的研究

以黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶作为研究对像,采用交联-包埋的试验方法,以酶活力回收率作为评价的指标,选取海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠-壳聚糖为载体,对β-葡萄糖苷酶固定化效果进行比较,结果显示海藻酸钠-壳聚糖固定化效果最好.再进行固定化条件单因素响应曲面试验,得到的最优条件为,海藻酸钠-壳聚糖的混合载体中海藻酸钠溶液的质量分数为1.91%、壳聚糖-醋酸溶液的质量分数为1.94%,温度为40.20℃,交联时间为0.98 h.此时酶活力为112 400 IU/m L,酶活力回收率为66.18%.经过三次回收试验,酶活力回收率分别为65.61%、64.48%、64.16%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has