减少钢中夹杂的途径及其变形处理

在了解夹杂物对钢性能影响的基础上,首先应力求降低夹杂物的含量,对不可能排除而残留在钢中的夹杂物可采用变形处理,改变其存在状态,以减小其对钢性能的危害性。     

低碳高硫易切钢中MnS夹杂物形貌、分布的分析

低碳高硫易切钢中MnS夹杂的形状和分布，对易切钢的机械性能有很大影响，用实验方法分析MnS夹杂物的形状和分布，从而了解和掌握其对易切钢性能的影响，对机构加工的工艺和方法具有实际的参考意义。     

添加剂对悬浮浇注钢夹杂物及力学性能的影响

研究了悬浮浇注钢坯时加入稀土、铝、锰等元素对钢中非金属夹杂物及钢坯力学性能的影响，结果表明，稀土、铝和锰均可有效地改善夹杂物的形态、尺寸和分布，使钢坯塑韧性提高，其中以稀土和铝的作用更为明显。它们在钢液中与氧反应，形成大量分散细小的氧化物颗粒，使夹杂物的有害作用降低。当稀土以一号稀土合金形式加入时，造成夹杂物偏差，使钢的力学性能恶化。     

钢中非金属夹杂物的金相鉴定

论述了钢中非金属夹杂物的来源，分布及对钢的质量的影响，利用它们在金相显微镜下的不同特征进行定性定量的检测，判定钢材质量。     

新型贝氏体钢的弯曲疲劳性能

对新型GDL空冷贝氏体钢进行弯曲疲劳性能试验和微观结构分析。结果表明GDL钢的显微组织是由束状贝氏体和少量残余奥氏体组成，残余奥氏体以薄膜形态分割贝氏体板条而形成超细化亚单元，增加了材料的微观塑性。此外，稀土元素球化钢中的夹杂物、强化晶界，使疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的抗力增加，该钢在不回火的情况下就具有优异的力学性能。     

帘线钢凝固过程中夹杂物析出

为了充分了解帘线钢中夹杂物,对钢液凝固过程析出夹杂物进行了分析. 结果发现:Al2O3夹杂物在凝固过程中先析出,且Al2O3夹杂物长大的限制性环节为[Al]在钢液中的扩散;当凝固分数为0.44时SiO2开始析出,且SiO2长大的限制性环节为[O]在钢液中的扩散;析出夹杂物的半径随着冷却强度的增大而减小;当冷却速度为100 K·min-1时,凝固末期析出Al2O3夹杂物的半径为2.5 μm,析出复合Al2O3-SiO2夹杂物的半径为4.7 μm;随着凝固的进行,夹杂物中SiO2含量增加,Al2O3含量下降.     

易切削钢中夹杂物及锡的形态

研制了一种新型含锡易切削钢.在锡含量小于0.05%(质量分数)时,钢材具有良好的易切削性能,其力学性能也达到了国家标准.在扫描电镜下观察了钢中夹杂物和断口的形貌,利用能谱分析了夹杂物的成分.结果表明,钢中的复合夹杂物主要由氧化物和Mns组成.多数呈球形或纺锤形,在断口及夹杂物的表面上锡明显偏析.     

GCr15轴承钢中MnS-Al_2O_3复合夹杂物析出行为

对于钢液铝脱氧精炼过程产生的Al_2O_3夹杂物严重影响钢的性能,而在钢液凝固过程中MnS夹杂物容易包裹着Al_2O_3夹杂物形成复合夹杂物,这种复合夹杂物改善钢材的性能有重要意义。通过场发射扫描电镜和能谱对国内某钢厂连铸坯中夹杂物形貌以及组成进行观察与分析,发现大量MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物。同时通过理论热力学阐述MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物的析出机理,计算得出:Al_2O_3夹杂物在钢液中形成,Mn S夹杂物在钢液凝固过程中形成,由于Al_2O_3夹杂物先析出,Mn S夹杂物可以在先析出的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行形核与长大,为钢中MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物生成提供了理论依据。     

稀土对Ni9铸钢低温机械性能及断口形貌的影响

着重研究了稀土对Ｎｉ９铸钢常温、低温机械性能和宏观、微观断口形貌的影响；考察了添加稀土钢和未添加稀土钢晶界裂纹倾向程度的大小．分析、讨论了低温机械性能、晶界裂纹倾向、断口形貌、夹杂物含量之间的关系．结果表明：添加稀土后．Ｎｉ９铸钢的晶界裂纹倾向明显降低，钢的常温、低温拉伸性能显著提高，并降低了钢的沿晶断裂倾向，但钢的低温冲击韧性并未得到改善．这与钢中晶界裂纹的倾向和夹杂物的含量有关．     

钙处理对LG510钢夹杂物的影响及热力学分析

在热力学计算的基础上,对某厂钙处理前后的汽车大梁钢LG510进行取样研究,探讨钙处理对汽车大梁钢LG510夹杂物的影响。结果表明,钙处理后钢中Al2O3夹杂物得到有效变性,夹杂物的数量明显减少,夹杂物尺寸也明显减小,夹杂物形状更加规则;钢液相线温度为1873K、钢中w[Al]为0.028%时,钢中w[O]、w[Ca]分别控制在2.8×10-6~11.5×10-6、0.14×10-6~7×10-6范围内,Al2O3夹杂变性效果良好;同时将钢中w[S]控制在0.011%以下,既可生成液态铝酸钙夹杂物,也可减少CaS夹杂生成。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢中非金属夹杂物来源

为了研究不锈钢连铸坯中非金属夹杂物的主要类型及其主要来源,用扫描电镜分析了0Cr18Ni9不锈钢连铸坯中的夹杂物成成,并分别在AOD渣、大包渣及中间包渣中加入示踪剂进行了三次示踪实验.实验结果表明,0Cr18Ni9不锈钢连铸坯中的非金属夹杂物主要为CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系夹杂物,其次为MgO-Al2O3类尖晶石和硫化物;非金属夹杂物的主要来源是AOD还原期的还原产物、脱硫产物和出钢时混入钢水中的AOD渣滴;AOD出钢后,大包顶渣、中间包覆盖剂和结晶器保护渣不会对钢液造成明显污染.     

连铸1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢大型夹杂物的研究

报导了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的连铸工艺制度及铸坯中大型夹杂物的形貌、来源及分布，以及对轧材质量的影响。通过显微观察，发现铸坯中的大型夹杂物多为TiN加球形卷渣，X-射线结构分析、电子探针微区测试证实了球形卷渣主要来自保护渣，经理论计算证实：保护渣中的SiO2不能将TiN转化成TiO2。提出了降低连铸坯中大型夹杂物的措施。     

高级管线钢生产适宜洁净度的研究

通过对X70管线钢生产过程中的钢水洁净度的研究与评价,对高级别管线钢生产中适宜洁净度的选取和控制进行了初步研究和探讨.研究结果表明:管线钢质量的提高与钢水洁净度的提高并不存在着线性关系,不应追求过高的钢水洁净度,注重在合理的钢水洁净度的情况下,寻求均匀、细小、弥散的夹杂物分布更加有利于降低生产成本、提高管线钢的质量.     

非调质钢中钛脱氧产物析出行为

从氧化物冶金的观点从发,利用扫描电镜和图像分析仪研究了非调质钢加钛脱氧后钢液中夹杂物的形貌、组成和尺寸分布以及孕育时间对夹杂的影响,并考察了加钛前后钢的组织变化.结果表明:钛的脱氧产物都可成为硫化锰夹杂的形核核心;此类夹杂物呈细小弥散析出,适当的孕育时间可使夹杂细化;加钛后,钢的组织细化.     

In-depth analysis of the fatigue mechanism induced by inclusions for high-strength bearing steels

A numerical study of stress distribution and fatigue behavior in terms of the effect of voids adjacent to inclusions was conducted with finite element modeling simulations under different assumptions.Fatigue mechanisms were also analyzed accordingly.The results showed that the effects of inclusions on fatigue life will distinctly decrease if the mechanical properties are close to those of the steel matrix.For the inclusions,which are tightly bonded with the steel matrix,when the Young’s modulus is larger than that of the steel matrix,the stress will concentrate inside the inclusion;otherwise,the stress will concentrate in the steel matrix.If voids exist on the interface between inclusions and the steel matrix,their effects on the fatigue process differ with their positions relative to the inclusions.The void on one side of an inclusion perpendicular to the fatigue loading direction will aggravate the effect of inclusions on fatigue behavior and lead to a sharp stress concentration.The void on the top of inclusion along the fatigue loading direction will accelerate the debonding between the inclusion and steel matrix.     

MnS夹杂对钢中氢扩散行为的影响

通过实验和有限元计算研究了MnS夹杂对钢中氢扩散行为的影响. 结果表明:当MnS夹杂长度取向与氢渗透方向平行时,氢在钢中的表观扩散系数随MnS含量的增加而增加;当MnS夹杂长度取向与氢渗透方向垂直时,氢在钢中的表观扩散系数随MnS含量的增加而降低. 对于具有扩散通道效应和陷阱效应的第二相,它对氢扩散的影响取决于扩散通道效应和陷阱效应的强弱以及第二相的形状、数量和取向.     

微合金钢中氧化物夹杂对焊接热影响区组织、性能的影响

研究了一种微合金钢中夹杂物与模拟焊接热影响区微观组织以及低温冲击韧性的关系.结果发现:实验钢夹杂物以类球状Ti2O3-Al2O3-MnS型复合夹杂为主,分布较为均匀且尺寸小于3μm;在相变冷却时间较短(T8/5=40s)时,试样微观组织以针状铁素体和沿晶铁素体为主,板条贝氏体束较少,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸在50μm左右,低温冲击性能优良;随着相变冷却时间的延长(T8/5=60,80s),原奥氏体晶粒尺寸也随之增大,相变温度的提高和相变区域的变宽使得位于原奥氏体晶界附近的夹杂物对晶界处多边形铁素体的诱导促进作用更加明显,沿晶铁素体长大剧烈,一定程度上消耗了晶内针状铁素体对组织的分割细化作用,使得低温冲击韧性有所降低.     

Ultrahigh cycle fatigue fracture mechanism of high-quality bearing steel obtained through different deoxidation methods

The mechanism of oxide inclusions in fatigue crack initiation in the very-high cycle fatigue(VHCF)regime was clarified by subjecting bearing steels deoxidized by Al(Al-deoxidized steel)and Si(Si-deoxidized steel)to ultrasonic tension-compression fatigue tests(stress ratio,R=−1)and analyzing the characteristics of the detected inclusions.Results show that the main types of inclusions in Si-and Al-deoxidized steels are silicate and calcium aluminate,respectively.The content of calcium aluminate inclusions larger than 15μm in Si-deoxidized steel is lower than that in Al-deoxidized steel,and the difference observed may be attributed to different inclusion generation processes during melting.Despite differences in their cleanliness and total oxygen contents,the Si-and Al-deoxidized steels show similar VHCF lives.The factors causing fatigue failure in these steels reveal distinct differences.Calcium aluminate inclusions are responsible for the cracks in Al-deoxidized steel.By comparison,most fatigue cracks in Si-deoxidized steel are triggered by the inhomogeneity of a steel matrix,which indicates that the damage mechanisms of the steel matrix can be a critical issue for this type of steel.A minor portion of the cracks in Si-deoxidized steel could be attributed to different types of inclusions.The mechanisms of fatigue fracture caused by calcium aluminate and silicate inclusions were further analyzed.Calcium aluminate inclusions first separate from the steel matrix and then trigger crack generation.Silicate inclusions and the steel matrix are closely combined in a fatigue process;thus,these inclusions have mild effects on the fatigue life of bearing steels.Si/Mn deoxidation is an effective method to produce high-quality bearing steel with a long fatigue life and good liquid steel fluidity.     

圆珠笔头用环保超易切削不锈钢的组织与性能

通过复合添加易切削元素S、Bi和Te,开发了一种圆珠笔头用新型无铅环保超易切削不锈钢,并对材料的组织和性能与同类进口材料进行了对比分析。结果表明,新研发钢中易切削相有MnS、Bi、MnTe及其所形成的复合夹杂物,夹杂物的种类、分布及力学性能与同类进口材料相似。经实际测试,该钢具有良好的切削加工性和书写使用性能,可以替代同类进口材料。     

Effects of sulfur addition methods and Ca-Si treatment on the microstructure and properties of 30MnVS

The effects of sulfur addition methods and Ca-Si treatment on the microstructure and properties of free-cutting non-quenched and tempered steel 30MnVS were investigated by using optical microscopy, SEM and tensile test methods. The results show that sulfur addition methods influence the morphology of sulfides and the properties of 30MnVS slightly. Ca-Si treatment is beneficial for the formation of complex sulfides which normally have oxide cores, therefore, improving the distribution of sulfides in the tested steel and enhancing its toughness. The two methods, pyrite addition during LF process and S wire feeding during VD process, slightly influence the morphology and distribution of sulfides and the properties of 30MnVS; Ca addition not only promotes the nucleation of sulfides on the cores of calcium aluminate inclusions, but also creates modification effect on MnS, reducing the relative plasticity and hot deformability of sulfides during hot rolling process, thereby reducing the length/width value of sulfides and improving their distribution, and significantly enhancing its mechanical properties, in particular, the impact toughness increased by 30%.