双频超声波预处理剩余污泥的研究

采用双频超声波对剩余污泥进行了破解试验研究,选取超声波的双频组合、声能密度、超声时间3个因素进行了正交试验.结果表明,最佳的超声波双频组合为18 kHz/20 kHz,声能密度为0.1 W/mL,超声时间为50 s;在处理浓度相同而体积不同的剩余污泥时,NH 3?N含量随污泥体积的增加而呈下降趋势.     

超声作用对净水厂沉淀污泥絮体特性的影响

采用槽式与探头式超声波反应器处理某净水厂沉淀污泥,考察超声过程中超声波频率(25 k Hz和40 k Hz)、声能密度(0.025~7.000 W/m L)以及作用时间(0~30 min)对污泥絮体特性的影响。研究结果表明:超声后污泥絮体结构被破坏,粒径减小且主要发生在超声作用的前5 min。超声频率越高絮体破碎程度越大,絮体粒径明显减小,比表面积逐渐增大且增幅变大。高声能密度超声波处理时絮体粒径减小,减幅可达50%以上;声能密度过高且经长时间超声作用后,比表面积反而降低。频率为40 k Hz、声能密度为25 m W/m L的超声工况更有利于形成粒径小、比表面积大的絮体。超声波在较低的固体浓度污泥介质传播时衰减程度低,破解程度高。超声作用对污泥p H及Zeta电位的影响均不明显。     

水处理活性炭的超声波再生技术

为研究水处理活性炭的再生,利用超声波处理技术,以甲基橙为有机化合物模型,进行吸附饱和木质活性炭的超声处理再生实验。结果表明,Fe^2＋、Cu^2＋的加入明显提高了超声反应的脱色率。在pH值为1．0,温度为30℃,声能密度为180W／L,Fe^2＋和Cu^2＋的投加量为0．6g／L的条件下,超声反应30min后,脱色率都可达到95．5％。     

复频超声声化学激活血卟啉抗肿瘤效率的研究

用1，3-二苯基异苯并呋喃(DPBF)检测了超声激活血卟啉的效率，作了单、复频超声激活效率的对比。实验结果表明，复频超声对激活效率有一定的增强效果，400kHz 1．2MHz(强度分别为1．0W／cm^2，5．0W／cm^2)比400kHz 800kHz(强度都为1．0W／cm^2)复频激活血卟啉HPD的增强效果要高些，在辐照时间为0～100s，血卟啉浓度为50μg／mL时，前者最多是单频作用效果之和的1．5倍，而后者最多是单频作用效果之和的1．3倍。这一结果对声动力学疗法应用于临床具有重要的意义。指出了进一步提高复频超声激活血卟啉效率的途径。     

连续式超声波发生器对污泥破解效果

为了考察动态情况下超声波破解污泥的效果,采用连续式超声波发生器研究不同频率、声能密度、停留时间和发生方式下污泥溶解性化学需氧量(soluble chemical oxygendemand,SCOD)和架桥离子的质量浓度变化。结果表明:25 kHz的超声波较利于污泥破解;增加声能密度和延长停留时间能促进污泥破解,且时间影响较大。在25 kHz、125 W/L、138.8 s时,ρ[SCOD]增幅为68.4%。由于Ca2+、Mg2+两种离子在污泥中作用不同,其质量浓度随污泥破解变化规律不同。平行布置的组合作用方式对污泥的破解较差。因此,在动态情况下超声波能有效破解污泥,但需要结合实际选择合适参数和反应器结构。     

超声辅助污泥脱水的研究

为了研究超声对污泥脱水性能的影响,在污泥板框压滤实验中,利用超声结合絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）处理污泥的方法,对比了有无超声对污泥压滤脱水的效果。研究结果表明：超声可以降低污泥含水率,使其从最初含水率近98％减少到81％,污泥的体积减少为最初的1／10。超声声强为410W／m^2、超声处理时N2．5 min为较优处理条件;同时絮凝剂的使用量,从0．7％（干基）降至0．6％（干基）。     

二氧化氮氧化二甲基硫醚宏观反应动力学

用NO2氧化二甲基硫醚（DMS）是合成二甲基亚砜（DMSO）的主要方法，反应过程受气液相传质影响很大．采用反应体积为120mL的连续搅拌釜式反应器，对该反应的宏观动力学进行了研究．在温度为30-60℃、NO2和DMS进料流量分别为0．01-0．10mol／min和0．005—0．05mol／min的范围内，考查了反应速率的变化，并测定了不同温度下NO2在DMSO中的饱和浓度．在热力学和动力学分析的基础上，推导出反应宏观动力学模型，由实验数据拟合出模型中的各参数．结果表明，该反应的活化能为21．64kJ／mol，液相组成变化时反应速率存在极大值，且模型计算值与实验值相吻合．     

对羟基苯甲醛的GC分析方法研究

应用GC分析建立了对甲酚催化氧化法合成对羟基苯甲醛的主要产物及其副产物和反应液的分析方法，在色谱柱5％ SE-30，检测器为FID，柱温120～220℃，升温速率为8℃／min的条件下，由内标法定量，所得各组分的线性回归方程分别为：对羟基苯甲醛为y=0.0579x 0．4036，对羟基苯甲醚为y=0．0502x 0．4165，对甲酚为y=0．073x 0．3387;相关系数R^2分别为：0．9984，0.9885，0．9932；方法的最低检测限分别为：3．47μg／mL、1．68μg/mL、1．62μg／mL；CV％分别为0．13，0．16和0．08。探索一种针对此类反应进行的中控鉴测和产品的定量分析，以求建立决速、准确的分析方法。     

污泥超声预处理促进厌氧消化反应试验

利用低频超声技术，对污水厂剩余污泥进行破解处理，研究破解反应对提高厌氧消化反应速率和效率的影响，试验结果表明，与未预处理污泥相比，超声破解能够明显提高污泥厌氧消化的生物气产量和有机物去除率，缩短厌氧消化时间．在5—15min的超声破解时间范围内，破解时间越长，厌氧消化效率提高越大，污泥经超声波预处理后，在生物气产量和有机物去除率维持稳定的条件下，厌氧消化时间可由一般20d缩短到8d．并且发现，经破解的污泥，当厌氧消化时间缩短时，单位污泥的产气率反而呈增加趋势．     

超声破解剩余污泥的研究

通过混合水平有交互作用的正交试验,考察超声时间、超声频率、超声功率和超声脉冲比及超声时间与频率、时间与功率和功率与频率因素间交互作用对剩余污泥超声破解效果的影响.研究结果表明:超声破解污泥的最佳参数组合为超声时间7min,超声频率20kHz,超声功率600W,超声脉冲比3∶1;3个因素间的交互作用不明显.考察超声破解7个不同MLSS(混合液悬浮固体浓度)污泥的情况,当适当提高污泥浓度时破解效果更佳;考察超声破解污泥时间曲线,超声破解污泥40min后各指标的破解率增加缓慢,在15~20min时超声破解污泥的能量利用率最高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that