金属小粒子超导电性的增强与减弱效应

用无规矩阵理论对BCS理论进行修正,得到一种处理金属小粒子超导电性的新方法,用这种方法我们发现：对于自旋s=1/2的金属小粒子,仅具有超导减弱效应;而处于s=0态的金属小粒子,同时具有超导增强和超导减弱效应,并且,金属小粒子超导电性能隙与转变的 关系与宏观金属中的非常类似。     

用随机矩阵理论研究金属纳米粒子的超导电性

用随机矩阵理论研究了金属纳米粒子的超导电性,较容易地揭示了金属纳米粒子的超导增强和减弱效应,得到了纳米粒子的自旋配位对其超导性有重要影响,还得到外磁场对自旋S>0的态可产生增强效应。     

金属纳米粒子的超导临界半径计算

应用随机矩阵理论研究了金属纳米粒子的超导电性，特别是其临界超导半径。将计算结果同其他理论与实验相比较后发现：引入随机矩阵理论后得出的超导图像，与实验结果定性吻合。在理论上能同时给出纳米粒子超导性增强和减弱效应。     

金属小粒子超导电性研究

用统计系统理论对遵从高斯正交系统的所有金属小粒子的不同自旋态SZ＝0,1／2,1,3／2,2,5／2…进行了研究,发现以上各态均存在临界能间距dc/△（0）＝13．81,1．85,0．81,0．50,0．36,0．28…随着粒子尺寸的减小,其超导电性终究会消失;金属小粒子自旋态越高,临界能间距dc越小,对自旋SZ＝0的态,确实存在超导增强效应。     

铜氧化物高温超导体系中可能的d+id超导态

非常规超导研究一直是凝聚态物理的重要领域,近几年来拓扑超导电性的提出,备受研究者的关注。本文利用隶玻色子平均场方法计算了t-t′-t″-J模型的超导序参数,研究了在空穴掺杂情况下,次近邻及第三近邻尤其是外加磁场对超导配对对称性的影响。计算结果表明,次近邻跃迁项的计入将有利于形成稳定的d波超导配对,而随着磁场的引入,d波超导配对受到抑制,并在一定的参数范围内,具有拓朴d+id超导配对占据主导地位。     

量子尺寸效应与纳米金属小粒子超导电性

作者考虑到能级分布和能级关联的影响，采用随机矩阵理论，计算了无外场作用时不同粒径超导金属小粒子的两个重要自旋态(s=0，1／2)超导能隙随温度的变化关系，并在自旋s=0时，验证了实验观察所得的超导增强效应。     

铁磁/超导结中铁磁性和超导电性的共存

利用BTK理论以及Nambu自旋格林函数方法计算了铁磁/超导结中的准粒子局域态密度(DOS).计算结果表明在铁磁一侧界面附近超导邻近效应引起了具有超导特征的准粒子局域态密度,而在超导一侧界面附近由反邻近效应引起了自旋相关的DOS,即呈现了一定的磁性.由此判断在结的界面附近有铁磁性和超导电性的共存现象.     

超导薄膜临界磁场的非线性非局域效应研究

在处理薄膜中的超导现象的理论时,London理论、Pippard理论和GL理论都有其局限性,因为这些理论都不能完全解释超导电性的本质。根据对超导薄膜临界磁场普遍适用的公式,结合实验测得的超导薄膜临界磁场在理论上应该具有非线性、非局域性的特点;分析了影响超导电性的各种要素,得出了London理论、Pippard理论下修正后的临界磁场的表达式;分析了GL理论下波函数分别为球面波和正弦波时临界磁场分布情况。     

超导金属小粒子的电子比热研究

利用随机矩阵理论中能级统计的方法,考虑能级分布和能级关联的影响,给出适合于金属小粒子的自恰方程,并详细数值计算了无外场作用时超导金属小粒子s=0及s=1/2两个自旋态能隙参量和临界转变温度随金属小粒子粒径的变化规律,以及在不同粒径时的电子比热.并在自旋s=0时理论结果得到了实验上观察到的超导增强效应.     

斯通纳粒子LLG方程的线性稳定性分析

利用微分方程线性稳定性判据,分析了斯通纳粒子LLG方程的动力学性质.随着外加磁场的增强,LLG方程的不动点发生从中心到鞍点或鞍点到中心的转换.当磁场垂直于易轴时,转换后的中心不在易轴上,仅当磁场平行于易轴时才存在不依赖磁场的不动点,且在某个磁场范围内可以发生所期待的沿易轴的两种取向m0 和-m0 的转换.     

Hidden magnetism and quantum criticality in the heavy fermion superconductor CeRhIn5

With only a few exceptions that are well understood, conventional superconductivity does not coexist with long-range magnetic order (for example, ref. 1). Unconventional superconductivity, on the other hand, develops near a phase boundary separating magnetically ordered and magnetically disordered phases. A maximum in the superconducting transition temperature T(c) develops where this boundary extrapolates to zero Kelvin, suggesting that fluctuations associated with this magnetic quantum-critical point are essential for unconventional superconductivity. Invariably, though, unconventional superconductivity masks the magnetic phase boundary when T < T(c), preventing proof of a magnetic quantum-critical point. Here we report specific-heat measurements of the pressure-tuned unconventional superconductor CeRhIn5 in which we find a line of quantum-phase transitions induced inside the superconducting state by an applied magnetic field. This quantum-critical line separates a phase of coexisting antiferromagnetism and superconductivity from a purely unconventional superconducting phase, and terminates at a quantum tetracritical point where the magnetic field completely suppresses superconductivity. The T --> 0 K magnetic field-pressure phase diagram of CeRhIn5 is well described with a theoretical model developed to explain field-induced magnetism in the high-T(c) copper oxides, but in which a clear delineation of quantum-phase boundaries has not been possible. These experiments establish a common relationship among hidden magnetism, quantum criticality and unconventional superconductivity in copper oxides and heavy-electron systems such as CeRhIn5.     

Superconductivity in diamond

Diamond is an electrical insulator well known for its exceptional hardness. It also conducts heat even more effectively than copper, and can withstand very high electric fields. With these physical properties, diamond is attractive for electronic applications, particularly when charge carriers are introduced (by chemical doping) into the system. Boron has one less electron than carbon and, because of its small atomic radius, boron is relatively easily incorporated into diamond; as boron acts as a charge acceptor, the resulting diamond is effectively hole-doped. Here we report the discovery of superconductivity in boron-doped diamond synthesized at high pressure (nearly 100,000 atmospheres) and temperature (2,500-2,800 K). Electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and field-dependent resistance measurements show that boron-doped diamond is a bulk, type-II superconductor below the superconducting transition temperature T(c) approximately 4 K; superconductivity survives in a magnetic field up to Hc2(0) > or = 3.5 T. The discovery of superconductivity in diamond-structured carbon suggests that Si and Ge, which also form in the diamond structure, may similarly exhibit superconductivity under the appropriate conditions.     

Magnetic-field-induced superconductivity in a two-dimensional organic conductor

The application of a sufficiently strong magnetic field to a superconductor will, in general, destroy the superconducting state. Two mechanisms are responsible for this. The first is the Zeeman effect, which breaks apart the paired electrons if they are in a spin-singlet (but not a spin-triplet) state. The second is the so-called 'orbital' effect, whereby the vortices penetrate into the superconductors and the energy gain due to the formation of the paired electrons is lost. For the case of layered, two-dimensional superconductors, such as the high-Tc copper oxides, the orbital effect is reduced when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the conducting layers. Here we report resistance and magnetic-torque experiments on single crystals of the quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor lambda-(BETS)2FeCl4, where BETS is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene. We find that for magnetic fields applied exactly parallel to the conducting layers of the crystals, superconductivity is induced for fields above 17 T at a temperature of 0.1 K. The resulting phase diagram indicates that the transition temperature increases with magnetic field, that is, the superconducting state is further stabilized with magnetic field.     

Strongly linked current flow in polycrystalline forms of the superconductor MgB2

The discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride, MgB2, raises many issues, a critical one being whether this material resembles a high-temperature copper oxide superconductor or a low-temperature metallic superconductor in terms of its behaviour in strong magnetic fields. Although the copper oxides exhibit very high transition temperatures, their in-field performance is compromized by their large anisotropy, the result of which is to restrict high bulk current densities to a region much less than the full magnetic-field-temperature (H-T) space over which superconductivity is found. Moreover, the weak coupling across grain boundaries makes transport current densities in untextured polycrystalline samples low and strongly sensitive to magnetic field. Here we report that, despite the multiphase, untextured, microscale, subdivided nature of our MgB2 samples, supercurrents flow throughout the material without exhibiting strong sensitivity to weak magnetic fields. Our combined magnetization, magneto-optical, microscopy and X-ray investigations show that the supercurrent density is mostly determined by flux pinning, rather than by the grain boundary connectivity. Our results therefore suggest that this new superconductor class is not compromized by weak-link problems, a conclusion of significance for practical applications if higher temperature analogues of this compound can be discovered.     

Resonance as a measure of pairing correlations in the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.6

One of the most striking properties of the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors is that they are all derived from insulating antiferromagnetic parent compounds. The intimate relationship between magnetism and superconductivity in these copper oxide materials has intrigued researchers from the outset, because it does not exist in conventional superconductors. Evidence for this link comes from neutron-scattering experiments that show the unambiguous presence of short-range antiferromagnetic correlations (excitations) in the high-Tc superconductors. Even so, the role of such excitations in the pairing mechanism for superconductivity is still a subject of controversy. For YBa2Cu3O(6+x), where x controls the hole-doping level, the most prominent feature in the magnetic excitation spectrum is a sharp resonance (refs 6-11). Here we show that for underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.6, where x and Tc are below their optimal values, modest magnetic fields suppress the resonance significantly, much more so for fields approximately perpendicular to the CuO2 planes than for parallel fields. Our results indicate that the resonance measures pairing and phase coherence, suggesting that magnetism plays an important role in high-Tc superconductivity. The persistence of a field effect above Tc favours mechanisms in which the superconducting electron pairs are pre-formed in the normal state of underdoped copper oxide superconductors, awaiting transition to the superconducting state.     

Magnetic-field-induced charge-stripe order in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3Oy

Electronic charges introduced in copper-oxide (CuO(2)) planes generate high-transition-temperature (T(c)) superconductivity but, under special circumstances, they can also order into filaments called stripes. Whether an underlying tendency towards charge order is present in all copper oxides and whether this has any relationship with superconductivity are, however, two highly controversial issues. To uncover underlying electronic order, magnetic fields strong enough to destabilize superconductivity can be used. Such experiments, including quantum oscillations in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y) (an extremely clean copper oxide in which charge order has not until now been observed) have suggested that superconductivity competes with spin, rather than charge, order. Here we report nuclear magnetic resonance measurements showing that high magnetic fields actually induce charge order, without spin order, in the CuO(2) planes of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y). The observed static, unidirectional, modulation of the charge density breaks translational symmetry, thus explaining quantum oscillation results, and we argue that it is most probably the same 4a-periodic modulation as in stripe-ordered copper oxides. That it develops only when superconductivity fades away and near the same 1/8 hole doping as in La(2-x)Ba(x)CuO(4) (ref.?1) suggests that charge order, although visibly pinned by CuO chains in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(y), is an intrinsic propensity of the superconducting planes of high-T(c) copper oxides.     

Interplay of magnetism and high-Tc superconductivity at individual Ni impurity atoms in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta.

Magnetic interactions and magnetic impurities are destructive to superconductivity in conventional superconductors. By contrast, in some unconventional macroscopic quantum systems (such as superfluid 3He and superconducting UGe2), the superconductivity (or superfluidity) is actually mediated by magnetic interactions. A magnetic mechanism has also been proposed for high-temperature superconductivity. Within this context, the fact that magnetic Ni impurity atoms have a weaker effect on superconductivity than non-magnetic Zn atoms in the high-Tc superconductors has been put forward as evidence supporting a magnetic mechanism. Here we use scanning tunnelling microscopy to determine directly the influence of individual Ni atoms on the local electronic structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. At each Ni site we observe two d-wave impurity states of apparently opposite spin polarization, whose existence indicates that Ni retains a magnetic moment in the superconducting state. However, analysis of the impurity-state energies shows that quasiparticle scattering at Ni is predominantly non-magnetic. Furthermore, we show that the superconducting energy gap and correlations are unimpaired at Ni. This is in strong contrast to the effects of non-magnetic Zn impurities, which locally destroy superconductivity. These results are consistent with predictions for impurity atom phenomena derived from a magnetic mechanism.     

一维含杂质Ginzburg-Landau超导模型非平凡解的存在性与杂质厚度之间的关系

确定了当导体材料长度不大于超导体材料长度时,一维含杂质Ginzburg-Landau超导模型在充分小的外加磁场下,总存在非平凡解.当导体长度大于超导体长度时,证明了存在一个临界值,当Ginzburg-Landau参数大于该临界值时,在充分小的外加磁场下,该模型总存在非平凡解;而当Ginzburg-Landau参数不大于该临界值时,在任意的外加磁场下,该模型只有平凡解.