石灰和聚丙烯酰胺对植烟酸性土壤钾、磷吸附解析和迁移的影响

通过吸附-解析试验和淋溶试验,研究了石灰和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对植烟酸性土壤钾、磷的吸附、解析和迁移的影响.结果表明:石灰和石灰+PAM处理能增加植烟酸性土壤对磷、钾的吸附量,其中以0.45%石灰+0.1%PAM处理的土壤吸附量最高,但当PAM用量增加时,吸附量下降;加入适量石灰和PAM后土壤对磷吸附强度降低,解析率升高;对钾而言,单纯加入石灰后吸附强度降低,解析率升高,而加入石灰+PAM后吸附强度又加大,但随PAM用量增高,吸附强度下降,解析率也出现先降低后升高的趋势.在植烟酸性土壤中施加0.45%石灰+0.1%PAM能有效缓解磷、钾向土层下迁移的趋势.     

石灰用量和培养时间对红壤镉形态转化的影响

石灰是酸性镉(Cd)污染土壤修复的主要钝化材料.通过室内培养试验,研究了石灰不同用量对镉污染红壤土壤pH、阳离子交换量和Cd赋存形态的影响,并探讨Cd形态间与土壤pH和阳离子交换量的关系.结果表明,与对照比,施用石灰显著提高了 土壤的pH和阳离子交换量,且随施入量的增加而效果明显.培养期间土壤Cd形态主要以可交换态为主...     

用不同石灰类型和化学肥料处理对甜玉米生长的影响和对其叶片浓集作用的五年试验研究

5年甜玉米营养试验包括4种石灰处理,14种肥料处理,和两个杂交种被实施在最初 PH 值为5.2的汉格斯汤(Hagerstown)粉砂壤土上。应用方解石(含3％镁)和白云石(含12％镁)的石灰处理,在第一和第三年期间,按4.5吨/公顷,增加了活力、产量和可销售的果穗部分。叶片中的氮、磷、锰和锌被减少了。施含方解石的石灰分别增加了叶片中的钙和镁为21％和31％。施含白云石的石灰比施含方解石的石灰叶片中的镁要多两倍,但不影响叶片中的钙。施用含白云石的石灰在应用60天以后使叶片中的镁达到了55％。最好的肥料反应是“北方的Belle”带施组,带状施氮和磷各占56公斤/公顷,“深金色”施氮112公斤/公顷(75％撒施,25％带施)和施磷56公斤/公顷带施。这些处理增加了产量(分别比对照增产为36％和60％),株高,果穗长度和重量,且促早熟5天。附加处理组的钾或锰并不增加反应。当氮源使用硝酸钙[Ca(NO_3)_2]时,比使用硝酸铵(NH_4NO_3),株高和产量会被更确切地减少,并且成熟期被推迟。使用硝酸钙[Ca(NO_3)_2]比使用硝酸铵(NH_4NO_3)和尿素(CO(NH_2)_2]源,叶片中的钙、镁和锰是较低的,但使用尿素[CO(NH_2)_2]源,叶片中的氮、磷、锰、铜和锌被增加。使用硝酸铵(NH_4NO_3)、硝酸钙[Ca(NO_3)_2)和尿素[CO(NH_2)_2],叶片中的钙和镁增高。若用氯化钾(KCl)则会压低。     

不同改良剂对镉污染土壤上生长的油麦菜生理生化特性的影响

盆栽试验研究不同改良剂对镉污染土壤上油麦菜生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,在镉严重污染的酸性土壤上,改良剂的施用可引起油麦菜生理生化特性产生变化。泥炭、赤泥+泥炭、石灰+赤泥处理对叶绿素a含量增加影响最显著,泥炭处理对叶绿素b含量增加影响最显著,泥炭、赤泥+泥炭、石灰+泥炭处理对叶绿素a+b含量影响最显著。石灰+赤泥+泥炭处理对油麦菜过氧化氢酶活性的降低影响最显著。石灰+赤泥处理对油麦菜过氧化物酶活性降低的影响最显著。除了赤泥,其他改良剂的施用均可显著提高油麦菜可溶性糖含量,其中石灰+赤泥+泥炭处理的效果最好。泥炭、石灰+赤泥、石灰+赤泥+泥炭的施用使油麦菜可溶性蛋白含量显著降低。赤泥的施用使油麦菜维生素C含量显著提高。     

不同改良剂对镉污染土壤中油麦菜生物量及镉含量的影响

采集佛山某大铝型材厂工业废水污染土壤,通过盆栽试验研究不同改良剂对镉污染土壤中油麦菜生长的影响,并评价其对镉污染土壤的改良效果。结果表明,在镉严重污染的酸性土壤中,各种改良剂处理的株高和生物量均显著高于对照,其中石灰+赤泥+泥炭、石灰+泥炭、石灰+赤泥的效果最显著。各改良剂的加入均显著促进土壤镉由活性高的形态向活性低的形态转化,并显著降低了油麦菜植株内镉的含量,其中以石灰+泥炭效果最好。各改良剂均显著降低土壤铵提镉的含量。综合各改良剂对油麦菜生物量和镉含量的影响,石灰+泥炭处理既显著增加了其生物量,又显著降低了其镉含量,是本试验中最合适的改良剂。     

高抗青枯病的烤烟新品种——Coker316

Coker 316是广东省烟草公司烟叶部从外国引进的高抗烟草青枯病优良品种。1986—1988年三年四点小区试验.平均亩(1/15公顷)产95.6公斤,比G28增产12.1%,上中等烟比例77.5%,比 G28增加3.4%,均价4.02元/公斤,比 G28高0.14元/公斤,亩产值391.92元,比 G28增加51元,增幅达     

不同土壤不同粒级颗粒供钾能力的研究

应用矿物鉴定和生物试验方法(水稻)研究了我国4种主要土壤(黄棕壤、棕壤、红壤和石灰性紫色土)的三个粒级(0～2μm、2～10μm和10～50μm)的供钾状况,并且对四种土壤的供钾能力进行了评价.试验证明,随着土壤颗粒粒径的增大、风化程度的减弱,同一土壤不同粒级颗粒的含钾矿物组成逐渐简单化,次生矿物种类及含量逐渐减少,原生含钾矿物含量明显提高.三粒级的供钾能力是0～2μm>2～10μm>10～50μm;进一步分析表明0～50μm粒级的供钾能力主要由0～10μm粒级所决定的;四种土壤供钾能力大小顺序为石灰性紫色土>棕壤>黄棕壤>红壤.     

低分子量有机酸作用下土壤矿物钾释放机制

低分子量有机酸作用下含钾矿物和土壤钾的释放是酸性水解和络合溶解双重作用的表面化学反应过程.草酸具有较强的酸性水解和络合能力,活化钾的能力最强,能够有效地活化土壤矿物钾.苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乙酸和乳酸亦可有效地促进自云母和钾长石的分解,但受土壤物质组成和土壤颗粒表面作用的影响,活化土壤矿物钾的能力比较低.     

贵州独山低pH牧地施石灰对钾的吸附与释放

本文研究了独山地区山地黄壤低pH牧地(潮湿成土和干淋溶土)施用石灰对钾的吸附与释放特征,实测吸附曲线与弗来因德利胥(Freundlich)吸附等温式吻合。未施石灰的土壤是一种弱吸钾能力的土壤,评价吸钾能力的参数是根据Fredndlich求出的吸附常数Ke值和吸附自由能△G°值,支配它的土壤性质是pH、Al、Ca和Mg离子。施石灰土壤对吸附钾的解吸能力较强,其等温解吸曲线代表了吸附钾被解吸的过程。     

生物钾肥在小麦生产上应用效果

生物钾肥是一种硅酸细菌。新疆土壤中虽然含有丰富的钾资源，但土壤多属盐碱土且碱化程度偏高，溶重偏大，多被土壤固定，而难以被植物吸收利用。土壤中速效钾的缺乏，已成为限制作物优质高产的一大因素。1995－96年两年在147团13连每亩以1公斤生物钾肥拌种，并在小麦追肥中亩施1公斤生物钾肥，和其它肥料拌匀混施进行对比试验。结果表明每穗粒数增加3．4─1．2粒，千粒重提高1．2－0．8克，单产提高48．3－73．6公斤，土壤中碱解氮提高4．3－5．4％，速效磷提高7－17．5％，速效钾提高5．78－8．27％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~