E-选择素肽配体及其与羟基喜树碱的偶联物合成与抗肿瘤活性评价

利用固相合成方法设计并合成了12个E-选择素七肽配体(IELLQAR)的衍生肽分子(1—12)以及3个肽分子配体(1)与羟基喜树碱的偶联物(13—15).体外肿瘤细胞HL-60与血管内皮细胞HUVEC的黏附实验表明:在1μmol/L测试浓度下,多个肽分子(1、7、8、10、11、12)表现出比已报道七肽(2)更好的活性.进一步的评价显示偶联物基本保留了原药HCPT的细胞毒活性,同时具备肽配体的抗黏附活性,而多肽分子本身并没有明显的细胞毒作用.尤其偶联物13和14在0.3μmol/L浓度下有显著的抗黏附作用,说明偶联物在同样浓度水平下可同时发挥抗肿瘤和抗黏附作用.上述结果表明该类肽分子具有应用于肿瘤靶向和抗肿瘤转移的潜力.     

注射壳聚糖对氨氮胁迫下中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)血细胞形态及白细胞分型的影响

实验组中华鳖稚鳖饲养于总氨氮(TAN)质量浓度ρ(TAN)为110mg·mL-1的水环境中,将含不同质量浓度的壳聚糖(0,1,5g.L-1)的生理盐水溶液100μL注射到中华鳖腹腔内,空白对照组只注射等量生理盐水溶液,并饲养于新鲜晾晒自来水中.注射7d后观测外周血细胞形态及白细胞分型.主要观测到5种白细胞:中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞.氨氮胁迫下各组与对照组相比,外周血的中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞比例上升;嗜碱性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比例下降;中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比值显著升高;胁迫对照组(0g.L-1)单核细胞比例显著高于其他各组,而其他各组间无显著差异.可见,氨氮胁迫会刺激中华鳖中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞比例增多,而嗜碱性粒细胞和淋巴细胞比例减少.注射壳聚糖对中华鳖白细胞比例影响不大.     

诱导痰中IL-8和中性粒细胞在支气管哮喘发病中作用的研究

目的探讨哮喘发病过程中嗜中性粒细胞和IL-8的作用及相互关系.方法以确诊哮喘的病人为研究对象,急性发作期10例、缓解期10例,同时选10例正常人作对照,进行诱导痰的细胞分类检查,IL-8,MAD检测.结果急性发作期哮喘病人诱导痰的嗜中性粒细胞数目、IL-8水平、MAD水平明显高于缓解期(P<0.05)和正常人(P<0.01).结论哮喘病人诱导痰IL-8明显增高,对嗜中性粒细胞有强大的趋化作用,促使其进入气道并参与嗜中性粒细胞脱颗粒、产生活性氧自由基及花生四烯酸代谢产物等物质损伤气道,引起气道炎症和气道高反应性,在哮喘发作或重度哮喘时能起到很重要的作用.     

利用十二肽库筛选心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白特异性的亲和配体

采用噬菌体表面展示十二肽库对心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H FABP）特异性亲和配体进行筛选, 经3轮筛选及序列比对后得到一个酶联免疫测定分析 (ELISA)检测阳性特征序列： W P N H H M L H K R W P. 对此序列进行肽合成, 并标记上荧光标记物芘, 经高效液相纯化、 冻干及质谱确定其分子量后制成荧光肽探针检测急性心肌梗塞病人血样, 结果均呈阳性. 结果表明, 所获得的肽探针具有较好的临床应用效果.心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白; 噬菌体表面展示十二肽库; 亲和配体; 酶联免疫测定分析     

异柠檬酸裂解酶肽类抑制剂的优化筛选

利用噬菌体肽库筛选与计算机模拟分子对接技术, 优化异柠檬酸裂解酶肽类抑制剂的筛选. 先通过噬菌体肽库筛选出与异柠檬酸裂解酶（ICL）具有高亲和力的结合肽, 再利用Discovery Studio 2.1模拟多肽与ICL蛋白晶体（1F8I）的分子对接, 最后用Fmoc固相合成法合成多肽, 并对其生物活性进行检测. 实验结果表明, 通过噬菌体肽库筛选得到了29条七肽序列, 其中12条可与ICL蛋白晶体成功对接. 体外生物活性检测结果显示, 得到的12条七肽均对ICL的活性有明显抑制作用（抑制率均超过50%）.     

E-选择素与肿瘤转移研究进展

肿瘤的转移是一个复杂的多步骤过程,它是恶性肿瘤致死性的关键因素.粘附分子与内皮细胞的粘附在此过程中起着重要作用.E-选择素(E-selectin)是粘附分子中的一类,仅表达在内皮细胞上.E-selectin的结构和功能及在肿瘤转移方面的研究表明:静息时,内皮细胞上的E-selectin含量甚微;当内皮细胞受到炎症介质白介素-1(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha(TNF-α)、细菌脂多糖(LPS)等刺激后,E-selectin的表达4 h可达高峰,24 h下降.唾液酸化的Lewis血型抗原(sialyl-Lewisx)是E-selectin的配体,它和E-selectin相互作用共同在肿瘤转移过程中起着重要作用.     

木犀草素抑制哮喘大鼠气道炎症的机制研究

目的探讨木犀草素抑制哮喘大鼠气道炎症的可能机制.方法取健康清洁级Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为木犀草素组、哮喘组、对照组,每组各20只.木犀草素组、哮喘组建立大鼠哮喘模型,建模过程中每次激发后1h给予哮喘组和对照组腹腔注射生理盐水,木犀草素组腹腔注射1 mg/kg的木犀草素.光镜下观察大鼠肺组织病理变化,测定支气管肺泡灌洗液中的细胞数及IL-4水平;免疫组化法检测p38MAPK,PPARγ蛋白表达情况;RTPCR检测p38MAPK,PPARγ的相对表达量.结果 3组大鼠支气管基底膜周径之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);哮喘组大鼠平滑肌厚度、管壁厚度均明显高于对照组及木犀草素组大鼠(P0.05).哮喘组大鼠细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞数、中性粒细胞数均明显高于木犀草素组和对照组(P0.05);木犀草素组细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞数、中性粒细胞数均明显高于对照组(P0.05);哮喘组IL-4含量明显高于木犀草素组及对照组(P0.05);哮喘组大鼠p38MAPK蛋白表达明显高于对照组,PPARγ蛋白表达明显低于对照组(P0.05);木犀草素组大鼠p38MAPK蛋白表达明显低于哮喘组,PPARγ蛋白表达明显高于哮喘组(P0.05).哮喘组大鼠p38MAPK mRNA相对表达量明显高于对照组,木犀草素组表达量明显低于哮喘组(P0.05);哮喘组大鼠PPARγmRNA相对表达量明显低于对照组,木犀草素组表达量明显高于哮喘组(P0.05).结论木犀草素可能通过影响PPARγ表达和p38MAPK信号通路而发挥抑制哮喘大鼠气道炎症的作用.     

束缚浸水应激对大鼠白细胞数量的影响

探讨束缚浸水应激对大鼠外周血白细胞数量的影响．采用大鼠束缚浸水应激模型,观察大鼠束缚浸水、切断迷走神经、阿托品和酚妥拉明对白细胞数量的影响．与正常对照组相比,束缚浸水应激组白细胞、中性粒细胞以及淋巴细胞的数目显著减少（P〈0．05）;与不切断迷走神经相比,切断迷走神经组中自细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的数目显著降低（P〈0．05）,中性粒细胞与单核细胞数目非常显著减少（P〈0．01）;与束缚浸水应激相比,注射阿托品组中,各免疫细胞数目无明显差异;注射酚妥拉明大鼠淋巴细胞显著减少（P〈0．05）,白细胞数量虽然升高,但不明显．束缚浸水应激能显著降低外周血的白细胞、中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞的数目,迷走神经和交感神经参与了束缚浸水应激过程,且可能影响免疫细胞的数目     

胰高血糖素样肽1受体N端片段与exendin-4的亲和位点分析

通过易错PCR(epPCR)方法建立了一个鼠肺的胰高血糖素样肽1受体(GLP-1R)N端片段的噬菌体随机突变展示肽库.根据筛选出的突变体来分析突变后胰高血糖素样肽1受体N端片段(nGLP-1R)与exendin-4结合活性.实验结果显示:保守的半胱氨酸C26发生突变后并未引起nGLP-1R与其配体exendin-4结合能力的改变,第101位和108位氨基酸是nGLP-1R与exendin-4结合的潜在位点.     

尖吻蝮外周血细胞的超微结构

对尖吻蝮(Deinagkistrodon acutus)外周血细胞结构进行透射电镜观察,结果表明:在外周血细胞中可以分出红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜天青粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞及凝血细胞.红细胞呈长梭形;几种类型的白细胞都具有变形运动和不同程度的吞噬能力.白细胞一般呈现分化程度较低的特征,具较强的代谢机能.嗜天青粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞中颗粒细小众多;嗜碱性粒细胞中颗粒粗大;嗜酸性粒细胞中颗粒粗大,有的颗粒内含物有深染的点状结构;单核细胞有成熟型和未成熟型两种类型.本文着重讨论了几种白细胞的相互关系及其分化程度,并与其它脊椎动物进行了比较.     

Bacterial growth blocked by a synthetic peptide based on the structure of a human proteinase inhibitor

Cysteine proteinases are important not only in the intracellular catabolism of peptides and proteins and in the processing of prohormones and proenzymes, but also in the penetration of normal human tissue by malignant cells and possibly microorganisms, including viruses. Cystatin C is a human cysteine proteinase inhibitor present in extracellular fluids. We have synthesized peptide derivatives mimicking the proposed proteinase-binding centre of cystatin C and find that they irreversibly inhibit cysteine proteinases. Several bacteria produce proteinases, so we tested a tripeptide derivative (Z-LVG-CHN2) for in vitro anti-bacterial activity against a large number of bacterial strains belonging to thirteen different species. It was found to inhibit specifically the growth of all strains of group A streptococci. The susceptibility of these human pathogens to the peptide was compared with that to well-established anti-streptococcal antibiotics such as tetracycline and bacitracin. Moreover, the peptide was active in vivo against group A streptococci: mice injected with lethal doses of these bacteria were cured by a single injection of Z-LVG-CHN2. The cysteine proteinase produced by group A streptococci was isolated and found to be inhibited by Z-LVG-CHN2; moreover, excess proteinase relieved the growth inhibition caused by the peptide derivative, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of Z-LVG-CHN2 is due to inhibition of this cysteine proteinase. This strategy of blocking proteinases with peptide derivatives that mimic naturally occurring inhibitors could be useful in the construction of new agents against other microorganisms, including viruses.     

大、小鼠肌肉注射SJAMP的急性毒性

目的　观察大鼠及小鼠肌肉注射刺参酸性粘多糖 (SJAMP)的急性毒性反应。方法　采用简化机率法测定LD50 。结果　小鼠肌肉注射SJAMP的LD50 为 ( 5 98 81± 6 0 81)mg/kg。雄性及雌性小鼠的LD50 分别为 ( 6 5 2 4 2±85 31)和 ( 5 78 16± 88 6 8)mg/kg(P >0 0 5 )。大鼠肌肉注射SJAMP的LD50 为 ( 5 6 6 0 9± 85 17)mg/kg。结论　SJAMP肌肉注射的毒性明显低于其腹腔或静脉注射 ,SJAMP肌肉注射的致死原因主要是出血。     

Immunization with a synthetic T-cell receptor V-region peptide protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

T cells expressing the alpha beta T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigen can elicit anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for the TCR that regulate T-cell function. Defined sequences of the TCR, however, have not been used to elicit specific antibodies and the role of cellular immunity directed against TCR determinants has not been studied. We immunized Lewis rats with a synthetic peptide representing a hypervariable region of the TCR V beta 8 molecule. Subsequent induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a paralytic disease of the central nervous system mediated primarily by V beta 8+ T cells specific for myelin basic protein was prevented. T cells specific for the TCR V beta 8 peptide conferred passive protection against the disease to naive rats, apparently by shifting the predominant T-cell response away from the major encephalitogenic epitope of basic protein. This is the first report demonstrating the use of a synthetic TCR V-region peptide to induce specific regulatory immunity and has important implications for the regulation of human disease characterized by common TCR V-gene usage.     

A novel peptide,selected from phage display library of random peptides,can efficiently target into human breast cancer cell

To develop a targeting vector for breast cancer biotherapy, MDA-MB-231 cell, a human breast cancer cell line, was co-cultured with pC89 （9 aa） phage display library of random peptides. In multiple inde-pendent peptide-presenting phage screening trials, subtilisin was used as a protease to inactivate extra-cellular phages. The internalized phages were collected by cell lysising and amplified in E. coli XLI-Blue. Through five rounds of selection, the pepUde-presenting phages which could be internalized in MDA-MB-231 cells were isolated. A comparison was made between internalization capacities of peptide-presenting phages isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells and RGD-integrin binding phage by coculturing them with other human tumor cell lines and normal cells. The nucleoUde sequences of isolated peptide-presenting phages were then determined by DNA sequencing. To uncover whether phage coat protein or amino acid order was required for the character of the pepUde to MDA-MB-231 cells, three peptides were synthesized. They are CASPSGALRSC, ASPSGALRS and CGVIFDHSVPC （the shifted sequence of CASPSGALRSC）, and after coculturing them with different cell lines, their targeting capacities to MDA-MB-231 cells were detected. These data suggested that the internalization process was highly selective, and capable of capturing a specific peptide from parent peptide variants. Moreover, the targeting internalization event of pepUdes was an amino acid sequence dependent manner. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using phage display library of random peptides to develop new targeting system for intracellular delivery of macromolecules, and the peptide we obtained might be modified as a targeting vector for breast cancer gene therapy.     

Leukocyte accumulation promoting fibrin deposition is mediated in vivo by P-selectin on adherent platelets.

The glycoprotein P-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule of stimulated platelets and endothelial cells, which mediates the interaction of these cells with neutrophils and monocytes. It is a membrane component of cell storage granules, and is a member of the selectin family which includes E-selectin and L-selectin. P-selectin recognizes both lineage-specific carbohydrate ligands on monocytes and neutrophils, including the Lewis x antigen, sialic acid, and a protein component. In inflammation and thrombosis, P-selectin may mediate the interaction of leukocytes with platelets bound in the region of tissue injury and with stimulated endothelium. To evaluate the role of P-selectin in platelet-leukocyte adhesion in vivo, the accumulation of leukocytes within an experimental thrombus was explored in an arteriovenous shunt model in baboons. A Dacron graft implanted within an arteriovenous shunt is thrombogenic, accumulating platelets and fibrin within its lumen. These bound platelets express P-selectin. Here we show that antibody inhibition of leukocyte binding to P-selectin expressed on platelets immobilized on the graft blocks leukocyte accumulation and inhibits the deposition of fibrin within the thrombus. These results indicate that P-selectin is an important adhesion molecule on platelets, mediating platelet-leukocyte binding in vivo, that the presence of leukocytes in thrombi is mediated by P-selectin, and that these leukocytes promote fibrin deposition.     

猪瘟基因疫苗在小鼠肌肉中的免疫病理学观察

应用细胞免疫组化法肌肉注射猪温基因疫苗pcDST,pcDSW后,对基因疫苗在小鼠胫前肌组织中的表达及组织病理学进行了动态观察。结果为：pcDST质粒肌注后第3天,pcDSW质粒肌肉注后第5天,在胫前肌肌肉中可检测到表达产物,持续表达20天以上,初期肌肉表现为机械性损伤性炎症变化,中期在炎症区有CD^8 免疫细胞的浸润性损伤性变化,后期恢复,表明基因免疫部位的免疫损伤及非炎症对促进免疫水平有积极的意义。     

A nucleoprotein peptide of influenza A virus stimulates assembly of HLA-B27 class I heavy chains and beta 2-microglobulin translated in vitro

Most cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize epitopes of foreign viral proteins in association with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Viral proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm require intracellular fragmentation and exposure to the class I antigens for the development of CTL responses. Although indirect evidence for binding of peptides to class I antigens has accumulated, direct binding has only been shown recently. The formation of complexes between peptide and class I antigen may occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and peptides have been shown to induce assembly of the class I complex. We have translated the messenger RNAs encoding HLA-B27 (subtype 2705) and beta 2-microglobulin in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate supplemented with human microsomal membranes (to mimic ER membranes), in the absence and presence of a peptide derived from the nucleoprotein (residues 384-394) of influenza A virus. This peptide induces CTL activity against target cells expressing the HLA-B27 antigen. Here we report direct evidence that the nucleoprotein peptide promotes assembly of the HLA-B27 heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin, and that this can occur in the ER immediately after synthesis of the two proteins.     

Progression of autoimmune diabetes driven by avidity maturation of a T-cell population

For unknown reasons, autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes develop after prolonged periods of inflammation of mononuclear cells in target tissues. Here we show that progression of pancreatic islet inflammation to overt diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is driven by the 'avidity maturation' of a prevailing, pancreatic beta-cell-specific T-lymphocyte population carrying the CD8 antigen. This T-lymphocyte population recognizes two related peptides (NRP and NRP-A7) in the context of H-2Kd class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). As pre-diabetic NOD mice age, their islet-associated CD8+ T lymphocytes contain increasing numbers of NRP-A7-reactive cells, and these cells bind NRP-A7/H-2Kd tetramers with increased specificity, increased avidity and longer half-lives. Repeated treatment of pre-diabetic NOD mice with soluble NRP-A7 peptide blunts the avidity maturation of the NRP-A7-reactive CD8+ T-cell population by selectively deleting those clonotypes expressing T-cell receptors with the highest affinity and lowest dissociation rates for peptide-MHC binding. This inhibits the local production of T cells that are cytotoxic to beta cells, and halts the progression from severe insulitis to diabetes. We conclude that avidity maturation of pathogenic T-cell populations may be the key event in the progression of benign inflammation to overt disease in autoimmunity.     

自拟方“通痹祛风汤”对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎抗炎作用研究

目的:观察"通痹祛风汤"对急性痛风性关节炎模型大鼠不同时相的影响,探讨其治疗急性痛风性关节炎的作用机制.方法:注射尿酸钠建立大鼠痛风性关节炎模型,大鼠灌胃给药,观察对大鼠关节肿胀率及关节滑膜囊表达IL-1 mRNA和TNF-mRNA(RT-PCR)的影响.结果:"通痹祛风汤"可有效抑制大鼠踝关节肿胀程度;关节滑膜囊TNF-mRNA和IL-1 mRNAr的表达明显减低.结论:"通痹祛风汤"可抑制痛风性关节炎TNF-和IL-1的产生而发挥抗炎作用,明显减轻关节的病理性损伤,有效抑制关节炎的临床进程.