2种型式搅拌桨用于工业规模搅拌釜内假塑性流体混合过程的数值模拟

用CFD技术研究了最大叶片式桨和三层六直叶涡轮桨的在大高径比工业规模搅拌釜中流体力学行为,以黄原胶溶液为研究体系,重点考察了功率特性、死区分率、剪切性能和混合时间等流体动力学性能.结果表明:2种搅拌桨的功耗与转速成正比,死区与转速成反比;随着雷诺数增加,釜内平均剪切速率增加.工业规模搅拌釜中,最大叶片式桨搅拌流场呈双循环流型,三层六直叶涡轮桨在每个桨叶叶端分别形成上下2个小循环.在相同单位体积功耗下,最大叶片式桨的混合时间相对于三层六直叶涡轮桨较短.     

基于PIV的仿生鲸尾型搅拌桨反应器流场研究

为增强搅拌反应器混合性能,本文基于仿生学思想,设计了一种鲸尾型搅拌桨,即WTT搅拌桨(Whale tail turbine),运用2D-PIV设备进行流场研究.结果表明:WT T搅拌桨相比RT(Rushton turbine)搅拌桨,可以提高流体的最大径向速度以及搅拌罐下部流体的轴向速度,而且远离桨叶时,轴向速度的提高...     

搅拌槽内三维流动场的RNG k-ε数值模拟

RNG k-ε模型在耗散率方程中通过系数C*1引入描述流场畸变效应的附加源项后,在一定程度上会改善对旋转流、浮力流等较复杂湍流的预报能力.本文应用该模型对六直叶涡轮搅拌桨的三维流动场进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果与实验数据进行了比较.计算结果表明:RNG k-ε模型对桨叶附近速度场的预报较k-ε模型有一定程度改善,但对湍流动能的预报却要比k-ε模型差.若要进一步改进对桨叶附近流动场的预报,必须放弃基于各向同性假设的湍流模型,转而采用能够反映各向异性的模型或采用先进的计算方法.     

搅拌槽内三维流动场的RNGκ—ε数值模拟

RNGκ-ε模型在耗散率方程中通过系C1^*引入描述流场畸变效应的附加源项后，在一定程度上会改善对旋转流，浮力流等较复杂湍流的预报能力。本文应用该模型对六直叶涡轮搅拌桨的三维流动场进行了数值模拟，并将计算结果与实验数据进行了比较。计算结果表明：RNGκ-ε模型对桨叶附近速度场的预报较κ-ε模型有一定程度改善，但对湍流动能的预报却要比κ-ε模型差。若要进一步改装对桨叶附近流动场的预报，必须放弃基于各向同性假设的湍流模型，转而采用能够反映各向异性的模型或采用先进的计算方法。     

运用CFD研究钟摆式搅拌的混合效率

设计了一种钟摆式搅拌槽,对槽内流场和混合过程进行了数值模拟,分析了槽内流体的流动特性及加料方式对混合效果的影响。并对混合效率进行了评定.结果表明:钟摆式搅拌槽内桨叶上方区域的混合比桨叶下方要好;考察加料位置的影响时,自由液面加料的混合效果优于底部加料;整体来讲,自由液面加料时钟摆式搅拌槽的混合效率比较高,与三窄叶翼形搅拌桨相接近,槽底部加料时的混合效率要低一些,与六直叶圆盘涡轮桨相当.     

涡轮桨搅拌槽内混合过程的数值模拟

文中采用FLUENT软件对六直叶涡轮桨搅拌槽内的混合过程进行了数值模拟,选用多重参考系法(MRF)及标准kε模型,将速度场与浓度场方程分开进行求解,所得的混合时间的模拟结果与实验值相吻合。同时用计算机流体力学(CFD)方法研究了不同的加料点、监测点位置及操作条件对混合时间的影响规律,模拟结果表明:混合过程主要由搅拌槽内的流体流动所控制,混合时间与加料点及监测点位置密切相关。研究结果对于工业搅拌反应器的优化具有一定的参考意义。     

基于CFD的多层桨叶组合搅拌器的优化

针对50 L发酵罐搅拌器组合选择类型复杂多变的问题，设计4种不同桨叶组合的三层搅拌桨模型，运用CFD软件对设计的4种组合桨发酵罐进行气液两相流数值模拟。通过对发酵罐中有无通气进行比较，研究通气对罐内流场的影响，并对通气后不同桨叶组合下的液相速度云图、搅拌功耗、体积传质系数以及气相体积分数进行分析，选取混合效果最好的桨叶组合。结果表明：通气会使罐内流场的轴向速度增强；通气条件下不同桨叶组合产生的流场特性会有所不同，上下层桨叶为径向流桨叶，中层桨叶为轴向流桨叶的桨叶组合所形成的流场速度分布更加均匀，能为发酵罐在搅拌过程中物质的扩散与混合提供更好的条件；不同的桨叶组合会产生不同的K_La值；下桨叶选择六直叶圆盘涡轮桨的桨叶组合其气体分布更加均匀；在搅拌功率方面，搅拌组合B功耗最高，搅拌组合D功耗相对较低，且在三个轴向流桨叶中螺旋桨功耗最低，综合分析选取组合D为最优桨叶组合。研究结果可为气液两相流发酵罐的设计与选择提供理论依据。     

搅拌对箱式混合澄清槽流动性能的影响

针对当前混合澄清萃取槽存在的问题,提出了改进的新型混合澄清萃取槽.采用专业的流体力学数值模拟软件ANSYS/FLUENT,对新型萃取槽内流场情况进行了模拟研究.结果表明,在油水两相流速分别为0.22和0.11 m/s,混合室搅拌转速为800 r/min,澄清室搅拌转速为20 r/min时,与传统萃取槽相比,在搅拌作用下,新型萃取槽澄清室内桨叶附近的混合带更窄,两相分离效果更佳;混合室内桨叶上下方流场呈涡旋流,与六直叶涡轮桨搅拌特点相符.     

错位Rushton桨的水动力学特性

为了揭示错位Rushton桨的混合机理,采用计算流体动力学方法,对层流和湍流水动力学特性进行了研究.首先通过与文献中实验结果的比较,验证了所建数值模型及模拟方法的可靠性,然后重点分析了错位桨搅拌槽内的尾涡、流场和搅拌功耗.结果表明:与标准Rushton桨相比,相同转速时,错位桨能减小尾涡尺寸,降低搅拌功耗,而且桨叶宽度越小越有利,但过低的桨叶宽度不利于增大流体速度及速度分布的均匀程度.相同搅拌功耗时,桨叶宽度为3 D/20和D/5(D为搅拌桨直径)时错位桨的搅拌效果明显优于标准搅拌桨,两者对流体速度提高的幅度相当,但桨叶宽度为3 D/20时的尾涡尺寸小,故为推荐桨叶宽度.     

搅拌槽内流动结构的粒子图像测速技术研究

使用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）对Rushton桨在全挡板搅拌槽内的流场结构进行了研究。在同一搅拌槽中采用固定雷诺数的放大准则,对比了不同直径的Rushton桨的速度和湍流动能分布。结果表明,Rushton桨叶产生的径向射流沿径向方向是向上方倾斜的,倾斜角度在5°～6°;在排出区,湍流动能沿径向先增加至一峰值后减小;不同桨叶直径的Rushton桨,无因次化后的速度和湍流动能的大小分布在桨叶附近几乎没有差别,但随着桨叶直径的增大,剪切速率和输入功率减小,射流偏角和排出量增大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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