316L不锈钢在含氯高温醋酸溶液中的自钝化行为

研究了316L不锈钢在85 ℃,含0.2% KCl的60%醋酸溶液中的自钝化行为. 通过测试试样的恒电流阴极极化曲线,以及恒电流阴极极化后开路电位随时间的变化曲线,提出了316L不锈钢钝化膜的结构模型. 该模型认为316L不锈钢钝化膜由三层构成:最外层主要是由Fe的氧化物以及少量Cr的氧化物组成;第二层主要是Cr的氧化物,含有少量Fe,Mo和Ni的氧化物;最底层主要是Mo,Ni的氧化物和少量的Fe原子. 研究发现: 316L不锈钢在实验醋酸溶液中,经10 mA阴极电流极化15 min后钝化膜生长参数γ最大,而经0.45 mA阴极电流极化30 min后钝化膜生长参数γ最小;316L不锈钢在实验醋酸溶液中,经10 mA阴极电流极化30 min后,自钝化电位最小,而经1 mA阴极电流极化15 min后,自钝化电位最大. 钝化膜结构模型能很好地解释316L不锈钢在实验醋酸溶液中的上述电化学行为.     

Effect of temperature on the passivation behavior of steel rebar

Steel rebar normally forms an oxide or rusty skin before it is embedded into concrete and the passivation properties of this skin will be heavily influenced by temperature. To study the effect of temperature on the passivation properties of steel rebar under different surface conditions, we conducted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and electrochemical measurements, such as measurements of the free corrosion potential and polarization curves of HPB235 steel rebar. These measurements identified three kinds of surfaces: polished, oxide skin, and rusty skin. Our results show that the passivation properties of all the surface types decrease with the increase of temperature. Temperature has the greatest effect on the rusty-skin rebar and least effect on the polished steel rebar, because of cracks and crevices on the mill scale on the steel rebar’s surface. The rusty-skin rebar exhibits the highest corrosion rate because crevice corrosion can accelerate the corrosion of the steel rebar, particularly at high temperature. The results also indicate that the threshold temperatures of passivation for the oxide-skin rebar and the rusty-skin rebar are 37℃ and 20℃, respectively.     

机场道面除冰液对3D打印的Ti-6Al-4V腐蚀研究

本文研究了电子束熔融(EBM)和激光选区熔化3D打印(SLM)技术制备的Ti-6Al-4V合金在机场道面除冰液—醋酸钾溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为,并与传统锻造Ti-6Al-4V合合金进行对比,通过电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线分析三种合金的抗腐蚀性能.研究结果表明,传统锻造Ti-6Al-4V合金的表面阻抗值更大,极化电阻更高,致钝电流密度更低,更易形成钝化膜,耐蚀性更强.而SLM-和EBM-Ti-6Al-4V合金阻抗值、极化电阻、致钝电流密度非常接近,抗腐蚀性能相似.     

调整处理对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢组织及耐蚀性的影响

运用极化曲线、循环极化曲线等电化学方法研究了0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢经不同工艺热处理后的耐海水腐蚀性能,并对显微组织进行了观察和分析.实验结果表明:固溶处理后的0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢加入调整处理后再进行时效处理,组织更加均匀细小且击破电位、钝化区宽度及保护电位均有明显的提高,耐海水腐蚀性能全面优于直接时效态试样.调整处理的加入及参数的变化导致加热过程中合金碳化物的析出数量和种类发生变化,从而对其组织及耐蚀性能产生了影响.     

钛和钛合金表面TiO_2纳米管研究进展

综述了在钛及钛合金基体上制备自组装TiO2纳米管的研究进展.对影响纳米管形成的电解液组成、阳极电压、氧化时间、pH值等工艺参数进行了分析,阐述了纳米管形成机制及表面改性(纳米管表面的元素掺杂),介绍了TiO2纳米管在染料敏化太阳能电池、光裂解水制氢、生物医用等方面的应用前景.     

镍基合金UNS N08028钝化膜的耐蚀性研究

采用高温高压腐蚀试验方法使镍基合金028在100 ℃、130℃和150℃条件下形成钝化膜,利用阳极极化曲线和电容测量法(Mott-Schottky曲线),研究镍基合金钝化膜在不同温度同时含CO2和Cl-的腐蚀介质中的电化学行为和半导体性质.结果表明:在130℃条件下形成的钝化膜对基体的保护作用较强;在3个条件下形成的钝...     

细胞色素C修饰电极的制备和性能研究

通过自组装法,把血红蛋白细胞色素C固定于导电聚合物(聚谷氨酸)层,制作成一种微型生物传感器,检测其对过氧化氢和亚硝酸钠的响应.实验发现谷氨酸具有一定的电化学活性,循环伏安图在-0.35 V和-0.05 V出现一对氧化还原峰,而且细胞色素C修饰电极对亚硝酸钠响应所得循环伏安图表明,随着亚硝酸钠加入量增大,还原峰增大.通过吸附法修饰电极,把血红蛋白细胞色素C固定于电极表面,探究修饰电极在对苯二胺中的钝化情况.实验表明:细胞色素C修饰电极可以避免电极钝化的发生.细胞色素C作为一种蛋白酶,使对苯二胺处于氧化状态,从而防止电极表面膜的形成,避免电极钝化的发生.     

快淬Mg2Ni型合金的结构及贮氢动力学

用快淬技术制备Mg2-xLaxNi(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)贮氢合金,用XRD,SEM和HRTEM分析合金的微观组织结构;测试合金的气态及电化学贮氢动力学。结果表明:快淬二元Mg2Ni合金具有典型的纳米晶结构,而快淬La替代合金明显地具有非晶结构,La替代Mg提高Mg2Ni型合金的非晶形成能力。La替代Mg明显地改变Mg2Ni型合金的相组成,当x=0.4时,合金的主相改变为(La,Mg)Ni3+LaMg3。快淬及La替代明显影响合金的气态及电化学贮氢动力学,La替代使合金的吸氢动力学先降低后增加,但使合金的气态脱氢及电化学贮氢动力学先增加后降低。快淬对合金气态及电化学贮氢动力学的影响与合金的成分相关,对于La0.4合金,合金的气态吸氢动力学随淬速的增加先增加后减小,其放氢动力学随淬速的增加而增加。     

薄膜钝化过程研究方法及其应用

根据传统擦伤电极试验原理，自行设计了一套用于薄膜材料钝化过程研究的装置，由于它采用的是断裂方式产生裸表面，因而克服了传统擦伤方式裸表面逐渐暴露于介质的弱点，能直接测量到真实反映钝化过程的电流衰减曲线。利用这套装置对磁控溅射晶态与非晶态不锈钢合金薄膜在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的钝化过程进行了比较研究，结果表明非晶薄膜的裸表面具有更高的反应活性及更快的钝化膜形成速度。     

氨基三甲叉膦酸对铝合金钛锆钝化膜性能的影响

将氨基三甲叉膦酸添加到钛锆钝化液中,用浸渍法在AA6061铝合金表面上形成钝化膜.用电化学方法研究了添加氨基三甲叉膦酸前后的钛锆钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能,并对成膜机理和耐蚀机理进行了分析.电化学分析结果表明,添加氨基三甲叉膦酸后,腐蚀电位更低,且腐蚀电流密度明显降低,说明在钛锆钝化液中加入氨基三甲叉膦酸后可以更好地减缓铝合金的阴极反应,从而更有效地抑制铝合金腐蚀反应的发生.     

选区激光熔化TC4生物腐蚀和生物相容性分析

选区激光熔化(SLM)为降低TC4钛合金医用植入体的弹性模量、减小应力屏蔽效应提供了一种有效的解决方案,但这种材料在投入实际应用前尚需有充分的生物安全性评价。采用SLM技术制备出致密度为99.5%的TC4合金,通过电化学实验、溶血实验和细胞毒性实验测试了SLM成形TC4的生物腐蚀性能和生物相容性,并与传统铸轧工艺制备的合金进行了对比。实验结果表明:前者相比于后者有着更好的耐蚀性能,并且SLM成形TC4还具有优良的生物相容性,在生物医用植入物方面展现出很好的应用前景。     

Glass-forming ability,microhardness, corrosion resistance,and dealloying treatment of Mg60?xCu40Ndx alloy ribbons

The influence of Nd addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA), microhardness, and corrosion resistance of Mg60?xCu40Ndx (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25, at%) alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, Vickers-type hardness tests, and electrochemical me-thods. The results suggest that the GFA and microhardness of the amorphous alloys increase until the Nd content reaches 20at%. The corro-sion potential and corrosion current density obtained from the Tafel curves indicate that the Mg35Cu40Nd25 ternary alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the investigated alloys. Notably, nanoporous copper (NPC) was synthesized through a single-step dealloying of Mg60?xCu40Ndx (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) ternary alloys in 0.04 mol·L?1 H2SO4 solution under free corrosion conditions. The influence of dealloying process parameters, such as dealloying time and temperature, on the microstructure of the ribbons was also studied using the sur-face diffusivity theory. The formation mechanism of dealloyed samples with a multilayered structure was also discussed.     

Formation mechanism of the graphite-rich protective layer in blast furnace hearths

A long campaign life of blast furnaces is heavily linked to the existence of a protective layer in their hearths. In this work, we conducted dissection studies and investigated damage in blast furnace hearths to estimate the formation mechanism of the protective layer. The results illustrate that a significant amount of graphite phase was trapped within the hearth protective layer. Furthermore, on the basis of the thermodynamic and kinetic calculations of the graphite precipitation process, a precipitation potential index related to the formation of the graphite-rich protective layer was proposed to characterize the formation ability of this layer. We determined that, under normal operating conditions, the precipitation of graphite phase from hot metal was thermodynamically possible. Among elements that exist in hot metal, C, Si, and P favor graphite precipitation, whereas Mn and Cr inhibit this process. Moreover, at the same hot-face temperature, an increase of carbon concentration in hot metal can shorten the precipitation time. Finally, the results suggest that measures such as reducing the hot-face temperature and increasing the degree of carbon saturation in hot metal are critically important to improve the precipitation potential index.     

金属镍基体表面熔盐电沉积制备石墨涂层

在Li F-Li2CO3熔盐体系中电化学还原碳酸根离子,在镍阴极表面得到石墨涂层.通过循环伏安法研究了碳酸根离子的电化学行为,结合扫描电镜研究了温度和沉积电位对涂层表面形貌的影响,并对涂层性能进行了测试.结果表明:碳酸根电化学还原为碳的反应是一个不可逆过程;在690℃,-1.5 V电沉积时阴极表面形成了呈锯齿状结合的渗碳层.在-1.1 V电沉积时涂层表面形貌呈球形颗粒状,-1.5 V电沉积时涂层呈晶须状.石墨涂层使金属镍在3.5%的氯化钠溶液中的自腐蚀电位增加了739 m V.     

Passivation method of 317L stainless steel used in medicine

The electrochemical performance of 317L stainless steel used in medicine under different conditions of passivation (different contents of HNO₃ solution, different passivation time and different passivation temperatures) was studied. The results show that the pitting potential of 317L stainless steel used in medicine can reach about 1.0 V (SCE) when electrochemically tested in 0.9% NaCl solution after the steel was passivated in 30% HNO₃ solution at 35℃ for 6 h, which indicates that the passivation film has a relatively strong resistance to corrosion. The results also show that the corrosion resistance of the passivation film on the surface of 317SS can be increased after suitable amount of K₂Cr₂O₇ is added into HNO₃ passivation solution.     

原子层沉积增强微纳结构硅电池的光电性能

本文用原子层沉积技术在硅表面沉积氧化铝作为钝化层、掺铝氧化锌薄膜作为透明电极,应用于有金字塔结构和黑硅结构的光伏电池上。通过反射光谱、电流-电压曲线、外量子效率等测试,比较平面硅、金字塔绒面硅和黑硅三种不同结构电池的光电性能。通过在金字塔结构表面沉积10个循环氧化铝作为钝化层,180 nm掺铝氧化锌作为透明电极,光电转换效率达到11.23%,短路电流28.72 mA/cm2,开路电压0.548 V,填充因子0.71。相比于没有钝化层和掺铝氧化锌薄膜的样品,电池各方面性能都得到提高。将该钝化层和透明电极应用于黑硅电池上获得了8.89%的光电转换效率。证明掺铝氧化锌作为透明电极、氧化铝作为钝化层,对微纳结构电池性能有明显提高。     

Patterning of sodium ions and the control of electrons in sodium cobaltate

Sodium cobaltate (Na(x)CoO2) has emerged as a material of exceptional scientific interest due to the potential for thermoelectric applications, and because the strong interplay between the magnetic and superconducting properties has led to close comparisons with the physics of the superconducting copper oxides. The density x of the sodium in the intercalation layers can be altered electrochemically, directly changing the number of conduction electrons on the triangular Co layers. Recent electron diffraction measurements reveal a kaleidoscope of Na+ ion patterns as a function of concentration. Here we use single-crystal neutron diffraction supported by numerical simulations to determine the long-range three-dimensional superstructures of these ions. We show that the sodium ordering and its associated distortion field are governed by pure electrostatics, and that the organizational principle is the stabilization of charge droplets that order long range at some simple fractional fillings. Our results provide a good starting point to understand the electronic properties in terms of a Hubbard hamiltonian that takes into account the electrostatic potential from the Na superstructures. The resulting depth of potential wells in the Co layer is greater than the single-particle hopping kinetic energy and as a consequence, holes preferentially occupy the lowest potential regions. Thus we conclude that the Na+ ion patterning has a decisive role in the transport and magnetic properties.     

稀土-镁-镍基贮氢合金的研究进展

综述了近几年稀土-镁-镍基贮氢合金电极材料相结构与电化学性能等方面的研究进展。介绍了改善合金电化学性能的方法,包括合金组成的改进、热处理、表面处理、制备复合合金等方法。讨论了稀土-镁-镍基贮氢合金研究中的几个重要问题以及发展方向。     

Single-crystal gallium nitride nanotubes

Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991 (ref. 1), there have been significant research efforts to synthesize nanometre-scale tubular forms of various solids. The formation of tubular nanostructure generally requires a layered or anisotropic crystal structure. There are reports of nanotubes made from silica, alumina, silicon and metals that do not have a layered crystal structure; they are synthesized by using carbon nanotubes and porous membranes as templates, or by thin-film rolling. These nanotubes, however, are either amorphous, polycrystalline or exist only in ultrahigh vacuum. The growth of single-crystal semiconductor hollow nanotubes would be advantageous in potential nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics and biochemical-sensing applications. Here we report an 'epitaxial casting' approach for the synthesis of single-crystal GaN nanotubes with inner diameters of 30-200 nm and wall thicknesses of 5-50 nm. Hexagonal ZnO nanowires were used as templates for the epitaxial overgrowth of thin GaN layers in a chemical vapour deposition system. The ZnO nanowire templates were subsequently removed by thermal reduction and evaporation, resulting in ordered arrays of GaN nanotubes on the substrates. This templating process should be applicable to many other semiconductor systems.     

机械合金化法制备Co-Zr非晶软磁合金粉末的研究

研究了Co-Zr二元相图上4个共晶点成分配方Co90Zr10、Co53Zr47、Co35Zr65和Co21Zr79在球磨条件下的非晶态合金形成能力．分析结果表明，4种配方在一定的球磨时间内都能形成非晶态合金，非晶形成时间由短到长的合金组分依次为Co35Zr65、Co21Zr79、Co90Zr10和Co53Zr47，其中非晶形成能力最强的是Co35Zr65．作为选择非晶态合金成分的判据来说，对于机械合金化法(MA)法，Davies的共晶线准则比较合适．但若球磨时间继续延长，No．3特别是No．4样品球磨产物中出现明显的纳米微晶CoZr2金属间化合物．说明CoZr合金系随着w(Zr)的增加，金属问化合物形成能力增加，这与Co和Zr的晶体结构有关．球磨时间对非晶的形成有重要影响，球磨时间过长，使形成的非晶态合金反而向晶体转化．