液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水中痕量微囊藻毒素-LR和微囊藻毒素-RR

建立直接进样测定饮用水和水源水中的微囊藻毒素(MC-RR、MC-LR)的液相色谱-质谱分析方法。水样过0.22,μm PTFE滤膜,用Waters Xevo TQD超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪分析检测,采用色谱柱Waters BEH C81.7,μm、2.1,mm×50,mm进行分离。采用电喷雾电离正离子模式(ESI+),以外标法定量分析。MC-RR的浓度在0.1~2.0,μg/L,MC-LR的浓度在0.5~10.0,μg/L范围时,它们的线性关系r≥0.999,0。微囊藻毒素-LR、微囊藻毒素-RR在水中进行高、中、低3个水平的添加,各组分相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.18%,~8.69%,,平均回收率在82%,~91%,之间,最低检测下限(LOD)MC-RR为0.04μg/L,MC-LR为0.09,μg/L。此方法简便、快捷、准确,具有较好的实用价值。     

微囊藻毒素对澳洲水泡螺的毒性效应

用梯度浓度的微囊藻毒素(6.7μg/L、26.7μg/L、66.7μg/L、166.7μg/L、333.8μg/L、1 335.2μg/L)和人工培养的有毒铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa7806)对澳洲水泡螺(Bulinus australinanus)分别进行急性和亚慢性毒性暴露,观察对螺的毒性效应.急性毒性实验结果表明,澳洲水泡螺对微囊藻毒素有很强的耐受力,试验期间(5 d)未发现螺中毒死亡情况,甚至当微囊藻毒素高达1 335.2μg/L时,仍无死亡.亚慢性口服毒性实验结果发现,澳洲水泡螺可以取食微囊藻,但不能消化;微囊藻严重影响螺生长、繁殖等生理活动,微囊藻的长期喂食暴露会使螺因饥饿或染病而死亡.     

微囊藻毒素检测方法改进和圆明园实际水样的测定

在比较影响藻毒素MC的检测条件后,建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱分析水中微量藻毒素的方法.此方法对于MC-RR的准确度、精密度可达1.06%、1.35%,MC-LR的准确度、精密度为2.75%、0.42%,且在0.1～5.0μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数都可达到0.999.对圆明园水样进行藻毒素含量测定的结果表明,此方法可有效地检测水样中的微量微囊藻毒素.圆明园水样MC分析显示其水中含有MC-LR及MC-RR,加标回收率分别为90.4%、91.7%.     

铜绿微囊藻对5种抗生素敏感性的研究

研究了铜绿微囊藻对链霉素、氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、G418和卡那霉素5种常用抗生素的敏感性．结果表明．铜绿微囊藻对这5种抗生素都较为敏感，其中尤以链霉素和氨苄青霉素的抑制效果最好，它们完全抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的浓度都不超过1．0μg／mL，而氯霉素、G418和卡那霉素对藻细胞的致死浓度也不超过10μg／mL．这说明5种抗生素均可作为铜绿微囊藻遗传转化的筛选压力．     

嗅味物质对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效应

考察β-环柠檬醛,β-紫罗兰酮,庚醛,甲硫醚和二甲基三硫醚等5种藻类代谢的嗅味物质对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效应.研究结果表明:相同浓度下嗅味物质对藻细胞的破坏作用大小顺序依次是:β-环柠檬醛,β-紫罗兰酮,庚醛,二甲基三硫醚,甲硫醚.其中甲硫醚的溶藻效应较低,基本不引起藻液变色,经过92 h后胞外微囊藻毒素的浓度仍与自然状态下的浓度相近.质量浓度为1g/L的β-环柠檬醛能在1h内将藻液由绿色变成蓝色,使细胞光合活性降为0.胞内的微囊藻毒素LR随着细胞的破裂释放到溶液中,溶解态的微囊藻毒素-LR质量浓度最高达到2 628.3 μg/L.β-环柠檬醛能对微囊藻细胞引起抑制作用的临界质量浓度为0.1 g/L.     

微囊藻毒素的高效液相色谱质谱检测方法的建立

利用高效液相色谱质谱联用仪(HPLC-MS),采用电喷雾电离源(ESI)在正离子扫描模式下对微囊藻毒素(MC-RR)进行多反应监测(MRM),通过优化色谱、质谱相关参数来寻找最优检测条件.实验结果表明:该方法MC-RR最低检出限为5 ng/L(信噪比S/N=3),最低定量限为10 ng/L(信噪比S/N=10),标准系列溶液0.01~40μg/L的工作曲线的线性关系R20.999.该方法操作简单,分析速度快,灵敏度高,准确率好,专属性强,干扰少,检测限符合饮用水卫生标准中微囊藻毒素的测定要求.     

太湖水华藻的分离、鉴定和产毒特性

采用抗生素与倍比稀释相结合的分离方法,对太湖梅梁湾水域水华的优势藻进行分离培养;结合全细胞聚合酶链反应(PCR)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和实时荧光定量PCR(RTQ-PCR)法进行藻属与产毒特性分析.结果显示:自太湖梅梁湾水域成功分离获得2株藻株TH1和TH2,2株藻株藻蓝蛋白基因中间序列(PC-IGS)、微囊藻16S rDNA保守序列(Micr 16s rDNA)扩增均为阳性,TH1的微囊藻毒素合成酶基因B(mcyB)扩增为阳性,而TH2的mcyB扩增为阴性.培养15 d的THI藻株每108个藻细胞产生的总微囊藻毒素-LR(TMC-LR)为0.594 μg,胞外微囊藻毒素-LR(EMC-LR)为0.085μg,分别为铜绿微囊藻产毒株的61.93%和86.09%;TH2藻株未检出MC-LR.TH1藻株mcyB的mRNA相对表达水平为铜绿微囊藻产毒株的5.9%.结果表明:分离自太湖梅梁湾的2株藻细胞均为蓝藻门中的微囊藻属,其中1株产毒微囊藻具有较强的产毒能力,太湖梅梁湾水域有产毒微囊藻污染.     

水中微囊藻毒素高效液相色谱检测与前处理条件优化

通过对前处理过程中关键环节进行单因素不同水平比较,以及运用正交试验设计进行多因素综合分析,优选出洗脱剂、淋洗剂、固相萃取柱、浓缩定容方式等因素的最优试验方案,建立实用简便易行的一般水样前处理流程.微囊藻毒素高效液相色谱进样分析时,选用甲醇-0.05%三氟乙酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,对于MC-RR和MC-LR取得较好分离效果,水样检出限可达0.02 μg/L.优化后的前处理、检测方法,对MC-RR,MC-LR平均回收率分别为88.9%和92.1%.另外,对于总(胞内胞外)微囊藻毒素的检测前处理,冰乙酸处理法优于其他处理法.优化后的方法已成功应用于不同水域环境样本的藻毒素分析.     

口服微囊藻对泥鳅的亚慢性毒性效应

旨在研究微囊藻水华对鱼类的生态毒性及其机理.采用饲喂微囊藻水华浮沫的暴露方法对泥鳅进行口服暴露28 d,剂量为经腹腔注射微囊藻细胞抽取物LD50的1/10[即75 mg细胞抽提物/(kg.体重.d),约为10μgMC-RR/(kg.体重.d)].生长测定结果表明,饲喂微囊藻明显抑制泥鳅的生长,但没有改变实验鱼的肝体比.透射电镜观察发现,实验鱼肝细胞结构有明显的改变,细胞器受到损伤.所观察到的超微结构变化主要是内质网膨胀、细胞核变形等,但线粒体结构没有明显变化.显微观察还发现了脾细胞结构的变化,说明微囊藻毒素对泥鳅脾脏也有损伤作用.蛋白磷酸酶抑制测定法检测发现,受试泥鳅肌肉中没有微囊藻毒素的积累,可能是由于低剂量的微囊藻毒素暴露没有引起生物富集作用.     

山仔水库两种水华蓝藻磷营养动力学特征

通过分析测定山仔水库两种水华蓝藻:铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、浮游鱼腥藻(Anabaena planctonica)在不同质量浓度的无机磷(K2HPO4)和有机磷(ATP)中的生长速率和生物量的变化,并利用Monod方程计算分析两种藻的磷吸收动力学参数(KS和μm),比较了两种水华蓝藻对磷的吸收差异和竞争能力.结果表明,无机磷培养条件下,动力学参数为:μm(铜绿微囊藻)μm(浮游鱼腥藻),KS(铜绿微囊藻)KS(浮游鱼腥藻).有机磷培养条件下,动力学参数较无机磷条件下要小,且两种藻有机磷条件下差异不明显.表明无机磷是水华蓝藻主要吸收的磷源,在无机磷缺乏的条件下,水华蓝藻均能吸收部分有机磷.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-