上海某工业区香樟叶片对多氯联苯的富集

为了探讨某工区香樟叶片对多氯联苯(PCBs)的富集能力及影响因素,连续1a采其周边香樟叶片样品,参考EPA 8000系列方法,用GC/ECD及GC/MS分析样品中PCBs各组分含量.结果发现,氯碱厂、焦化厂和电厂叶片中PCBs浓度分别在0.38~0.67、0.71~27.2和0.30~32.46 ng/g之间,冬季和春季含量略高于夏季和秋季;春季和冬季以PentaCB、HaxeCB高氯取代的PCBs为主,而夏季和秋季以TetraCB为主;通过相关性分析发现,树叶对PCBs的富集与大气颗粒物PM10中PCBs浓度正相关(相关系数为0.84),与土壤负相关(相关系数为-0.84).从而推测叶片中PCBs同类物的分布与PM10、季节等存在着一定的关系;大气沉降是香樟叶片中PCBs的主要来源.     

北海近岸海域表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs的分布、来源与生态风险分析

为评价广西北海市近岸海域表层沉积物中滴滴涕(DDTs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的生态风险水平,于2017年8月使用挖斗式采泥器采集北海市近岸海域17个站点的表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱法测定样品中DDTs(pp′-DDE、op′-DDT、pp′-DDD、pp′-DDT)和PCBs(三氯联苯PCB28,四氯联苯PCB52,五氯联苯PCB101、PCB112、PCB118,六氯联苯PCB138、PCB152、PCB153,七氯联苯PCB180和八氯联苯PCB198)的含量,分析其组分特征,并对沉积物中DDTs和PCBs进行生态风险评价。结果表明:北海近岸海域表层沉积物中持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,POPs)平均含量(ng·g-1,干重)为PCBs(3.08)DDTs(0.89);污染物等值线图表明近岸海域表层沉积物中的DDTs、PCBs含量高于远岸海域,DDTs含量高值区主要在北海港泊位及营盘港海域,PCBs含量高值区主要在北海港泊位、营盘海域及铁山港湾口海域。DDTs 4种同系物平均百分含量排序为pp′-DDE(46.4%)pp′-DDT(21.8%)op′-DDT(20.5%)pp′-DDD(11.3%),pp′-DDE为沉积物DDTs中的主要成分;五氯联苯PCB101和七氯联苯PCB180为沉积物中PCBs的主要成分;所有站位中DDTs、PCBs的含量平均值均低于一类标准(GB18668-2002),污染程度总体较轻;有17.6%的站位DDTs含量介于生态风险效应区间低值(Effects Range Low,ERL)和生态风险效应区间中值(Effects Range Median,ERM)间。北海市近岸海域表层沉积物中DDTs、PCBs残留水平生态风险总体较低。     

珠江入海口水体中多氯联苯及其归宿分析

以气质联用仪检测了珠江八大入海口水样中19种PCBs单体. 结果显示:PCBs在溶解相和颗粒相中的总含量分别为0.02～2.55和0.05～5.14 ng/L;水体PCBs的log Koc范围为4.70～5.18,与其log Kow值表现为非线性相关,表明水体溶解相与颗粒相间PCBs分配的非平衡状态;第三相胶体相吸附了滤液中2.3～52.6%的PCB单体;入海口区域的PCBs水气交换净通量约为-1.41102 ng/m2 day,PCBs表现为水体向大气的扩散,入海口水体可能是周边大气中PCBs的重要输入源.     

上海春季大气颗粒物中致敏悬铃木花粉蛋白的分布特征

选择上海大气颗粒物中悬铃木致敏花粉蛋白Pla a3为研究对象,利用生物工程手段表达Pla a3蛋白,并利用该致敏蛋白免疫大鼠,制备出单一致敏原的抗体.通过酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA),检测分析上海大气颗粒物中Pla a3的分布特征.结果表明:颗粒物中总蛋白质量浓度在1.1μm的粒径段内最高,为2.5～3.0μg/m3;Pla a3蛋白主要分布在7.0μm的粒径段内,其平均质量浓度为7.5 pg/m3,但在1.1μm粒径段内的质量浓度最低.在上述分析结果基础上,将进一步探讨颗粒物中主要有害组分与致敏蛋白分布之间的关系.     

氯碱厂颗粒物中持久性有毒污染物污染特征

为了研究上海市某工业区氯碱厂可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中多氯联苯(PCBs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)和多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征及其来源,应用大流量采样器,每2个月采取其周边大气PM10,连续采样1年,参照美国EPA系列方法进行分析.结果发现,PCBs,OCPs和PAHs年平均值分别为396.11,94.69,69 365.17 lag·m-3;污染物质量浓度冬春季高于夏秋季;PM10中,PCBs同类物的分布呈现出冬季以高氯取代的PCBs占优势,而夏季以低氯取代的PCBs为主;OCPs分布与PCBs相似,并且冬季有滴滴涕(DDTs)的近期输入;大气颗粒物中,3,4,5环的多环芳烃PAHs占较大比例,主要受石油源和燃煤源的复合污染.     

不同粒径空调灰尘中的多氯联苯分布特征

多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)是一类典型持久性有机污染物,尽管已被禁止近50年,但是这类污染物仍然能在环境中检出.室内灰尘是PCBs人体暴露的重要来源之一.空调滤网灰尘主要是沉积的室内空气颗粒物,在一定程度上反映了室内污染状况.以餐厅和实验室空调滤网灰尘为研究对象,测定不同粒径空调滤网灰尘中PCBs的暴露水平,分析灰尘性质对PCBs浓度的影响.结果表明,PCBs总浓度在6.73～23.90 ng/g之间,餐厅空调滤网灰尘中的PCBs浓度高于实验室.灰尘样品与世界其他地区室内灰尘的污染水平相比处于较低水平.由于样品中主要为低氯代PCBs,因此工业品Aroclor1016,Aroclor1232或Aroclor1242可能是主要来源.PCBs浓度与灰尘平均粒径及有机质含量有显著的正相关关系,与灰尘比表面积、总孔容、平均孔径、N/C原子比以及H/C原子比呈显著负相关,说明灰尘性质本身对PCBs暴露有重要影响.     

石河子市大气中多溴联苯醚的含量组成及气粒分配

在石河子市自2008年9月至2009年8月间每周采集大气样品,利用GC-MS分析其中的12种PBDEs,结果显示:石河子市大气中PBDEs的年平均浓度为118±83 pg/m3,低于我国其他较发达城市大气中PBDEs的含量.BDE-209是含量最高的单体,年平均含量占总量的65%,其次是BDE-47和BDE-99,年平均含量分别占总量的9%和7%.气-粒分配的研究结果显示,石河子市大气中PBDEs在气态和颗粒态间的分配并未达到平衡,温度是影响PBDEs在气相与颗粒相间分配的重要因素.比较而言,夏季最为接近平衡状态.     

福建兴化湾沉积物中多氯联苯的残留和风险评价

利用GC - MS对福建兴化湾15个表层沉积物样品中多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量进行了定量分析,并探讨了其在沉积物中的空间分布与来源.结果表明:PCBs的含量范围为:23.81～37.18 ng/g,平均值为27.85ng／g.主成分分析表明,PCBs同系物组成以3～5氯为主,占总PCBs含量的80％左右,这与中国PC...     

南普陀寺内外大气颗粒物中PAHs的污染研究

采集并分析了南普陀寺庙寺内外大气颗粒物中16种优控PAHs,寺内浓度(19.16～55.76 ng/m3)与车站浓度(33.32～123.28 ng/m3)相当,但都大于厦大校园站点的浓度(8.06～34.37 ng/m3).南普陀寺内和车站样品中苯并[ghi]苝的贡献最大,且寺内样品中能检出较高含量的惹烯.典型特征化合物比值分析表明,大气颗粒物中PAHs主要来自交通源(汽车尾气).     

南极贼鸥卵中OCPs和PCBs色谱测定及生态意义

该文采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）内标法定量测定了南极乔治王岛世袭栖息地棕贼鸥、灰贼鸥蛋卵中有机氯农药（OCPs）残留量和持久性有机氯污染物多氯联苯（PCBs）,研究其环境意义。结果表明该方法对不同的化合物回收率为65.0%~90.8%。相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.2,仪器的最低检测限分别为：PCB同族体0.8~16 pg、OCPs2~12 pg,满足南极大陆海鸟栖息地卵样中痕量OCPs和PCBs残留分析要求。选贼鸥4个巢取卵样品5个（其中灰贼鸥Catharacta maccomicki 2个卵,棕贼鸥Catharacta Lonnbergi 3个卵）,结果表明：贼鸥卵样PCBs含量范围在91.9~515.5 ng/g,滴滴涕（DDT）56.6~304.4 ng/g,氯代苯6.5~70.5 ng/g,HCHs 0.5~2.0 ng/g。同时表明贼鸥体内PCBs和OCPs积累通过食物链而加强的结果。持久性有机氯污染物最高积累水平出现在棕贼鸥蛋卵样中,灰贼鸥相对次之,用本法测定OCPs和PCBs中其它含氯化合物的干扰比较小,说明该文所采用的提取、纯化与测定方法能比较好地适用于南极大陆贼鸥蛋卵中痕量OCPs和PCBs的分析,本测定方法是可行的。     

Concentrations, profiles and gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in the ambient air of an E-waste dismantling area, southeast China

Polychlorinated diebenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs）, polychlorinated diebenzofurans （PCDFs）, polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） and polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） were monitored in the ambient air of Taizhou, an E-waste dismantling area of southeast China to evaluate their concentrations, profiles and gas-particle partitioning. The ∑PCDD/Fs concentrations ranged from 2.91 to 50.6 pg/ma, with an average of 14.3 pg/ma. The I-TEQs for PCDD/Fs were in the range of 0.20-3.45 pg/ma, with an average of 1.10 pg/ma, The ∑PCBs concentrations and TEQs ranged from 4.23 to 11.35 ng/ma, 0.050 to 0.859 pg（TEQ）/ma, respectively. The concentrations of ∑PBDEs ranged from 92 to 3086 pg/ma, with an average of 894 pg/ma, The pollution levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs were higher than other urban sites, which may be associated with the E-waste dismantling activities. The PCDD/Fs were found exclusively in the particle phase whereas PCBs distributed dominantly in the gas phase. The gas-partilce partitioning was also assessed by correlating the gas-particle partition coefficient （Kp） with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure （pL^0）. The measured particulate sorptions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs were compared with the predictions from Junge-Pankow model and Koa absorption model. The Junge-Pankow model well estimated the particulate fractions of PCBs. However, it underestimated the sorptions of PCDD/Fs and overestimated the fractions of PBDEs. The predicted particulate fractions of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from Koa model fitted well with the measured data.     

Levels and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the atmosphere close to Chinese Great Wall Station,Antarctica: Results from XAD-resin passive air sampling

Antarctica is an important research region for assessing persistence and long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, XAD-resin passive air sampling was conducted near the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica, during a one-year sampling period in 2009-2010. The air concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were at a very low level, with total PCBs in the range of 26.74-45.08 pg m 3. PCB profiles were dominated by tetra-PCBs, tri-PCBs and di-PCBs, indicating LRAT was responsible for the pollutants in the Antarctic atmosphere. The sampling site near the Chinese Great Wall Station did not show higher PCB levels than the other sites, suggesting that PCB sources associated with the Great Wall Station were negligible. PCB-11 is a non-Aroclor congener, which has specific sources compared to other Aroclor PCB congeners. PCB-11 was observed in all air samples, with an average concentration of 1.22 pg m 3. To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation of PCB levels and distribution in the atmosphere around the Chinese Great Wall Station, Antarctica.     

超临界CO2流体萃取——气相色谱法测定土壤中的类二癋英类多氯联苯

利用超临界CO2流体萃取(SFE CO2)及气相色谱技术，建立了土壤中12种类二癋英类多氯联苯（PCBs）的分析测定方法. 对SFE CO2的萃取条件进行了优化，其最佳萃取条件为：压力25?MPa，温度100?℃，静态萃取时间20?min，动态萃取时间45?min，收集溶剂丙酮，CO2流量2.5?mL/min，改性剂10%（质量分数）二氯甲烷. 12种PCBs的加标回收率为73.0%～129.0%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.0%～10.5%. 测定麦田土壤样品中12种类二癋英类多氯联苯，共检出8种PCBs，质量比为77～667?pg/g，其他4种未检出.     

EXAMINATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AND POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS INTO PROCESS WATER OF KRAFT PULP BLEACHING MILL FROM ASPECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL WATER QUALITY

INTRODUCTIONDuring the 1980s, the fact that chlorine used for pulp bleaching is connected to the release of dioxins1 and chloroform2 into the environment was proven in Canada and other countries. Since that time, each papermaking company has also been implementing a variety of policies designed to reduce dioxins generation. However, the Law Concerning Special Measures against Dioxins took effect in Japan on 15th January 2000. According to the new law, "kraft pulp and sulfite pulp bleac…     

ASE萃取-GPC净化-GC／ECD测定小麦中有机氯农残和多氯联苯

建立了加速溶剂萃取、全自动在线凝胶渗透色谱-浓缩联用系统和氟罗里硅土柱前处理、GC／ECD测定小麦样品中7种多氯联苯(PCBs)和7种有机氯农药(OCPs)的分析方法,并优化了加速溶剂萃取、凝胶渗透色谱净化、GC／ECD的分析条件。结果表明,该方法的样品加标回收率和相对标准偏差分别为:多氯联苯69.8％～87.4％、1.48％～11.0％;有机氯农药70.4％～113.9％、3.54％～17.0％。方法检测限为0.03～0.29μg／kg。用该方法测得小麦样品中7种PCBs质量分数范围为0～157.9μg／kg;7种OCPs质量分数在2.38～10.02μg／kg范围内。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,并且在一个流程中可以同时测定小麦样品中多氯联苯和有机氯农残,适合于大批量样品的测定。     

Determination of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and moss from Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica

Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are a class of toxic and persistent chemicals that are often found in the environment.The determination of dioxin-like PCBs in Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica,is reported in this paper.Dioxin-like PCBs were widely distributed in Antarctic soil and moss with concentration of 2.23-27.2 pg/g in soil and 10.4-812 pg/g in moss.The highest concentrations were found in the Ardley Island area and the lowest concentrations on the west coast.The contribution of PCB-118 to the ∑12PCBs ranged from 36.0% to 69.6% in soil,and 17.2% to 43.4% in moss.The congener specific patterns in soil and moss were similar.Long-range atmospheric transport is thought to be the main source of PCBs detected on King George Island.The ∑12PCBs toxic equivalent(TEQ) in soil was 0.400×10?3 to 516×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g with a mean value of 147×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g.PCB-126 had the largest contribution(81.1%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in soil.The ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss ranged from 2.90×10?3 to 1.19 pg/g with a mean value of 0.482 pg/g.PCB-126 was also the largest contributor(91.4%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss.The mean TEQ in moss was about 40 times that in soil.     

痕量PBBs/PBDEsGC/MS分析法中PCB及其衍生物干扰消除方法

电子电气产品中痕量阻燃剂聚溴联苯/聚溴联苯醚(PBBs/PBDEs)的检测通常采用气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用法,但该法是建立在持久性污染物多氯化苯/多氯化萘(PCBs/PCNs)基础上,因此此类物质干扰不可避免。为了解决此类问题,提出了2种解决方法:1)阴离子化学电离-气相色谱/质谱联用法(GC/MS-NICI)和电子轰击-气相色谱/质谱联用法(GC/MS-EI)联合使用;2)以YMC ODS-C18为载体,基质固相分散法(MSPD)吸附分离。结果显示,前者可以同时洞察聚溴联苯和联苯醚的分子链断裂后阴离子碎片[Br]-,[HBr2]-和分子链段碎片[M+2]+,[M+4]+,[M+6]+,[M+8]+的滞留峰,增加了对溴系阻燃剂的选择性。后者可以有效分离多种多氯化苯与聚溴联苯醚的色谱峰,这为溴系阻燃剂气相色谱/质谱联用分析法中多氯化苯及其衍生物干扰提供了新的解决方法。采用此方法对8类电子电气产品中10种聚溴联苯醚和多氯化苯进行加标回收实验及精密度分析,回收率在60%～98%,相对误差在9.5%以内,符合国际电工委员会(IEC)对溴系阻燃剂检测精度要求,说明方法具有较高的可靠性,也为我国电子电气业更好遵守...     

多氯联苯在土壤/沉积物中的吸附方程

以三种天然土壤/沉积物为研究对象,研究了多氯联苯(PCBs)在样品中的吸附过程。结果表明,分配作用在吸附过程中起主导作用,Freundlich模型能较好地拟合三种土壤/沉积物的吸附方程,PCBs的吸附容量大小主要受样品中有机碳含量的影响,吸附量随着有机碳含量的增大而增大。     

长江口表层沉积物中多氯联苯残留和风险评价

采用GC-ECD(gas chromatography-electron capture detector)对14种多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)在长江口及东海近岸沉积物中的残留水平进行了测定,对其分布、组分特征、来源及生态风险水平进行了探讨.结果表明:多氯联苯在表层沉积物中的...