Major factors controllin8 the formation of middle and large marine carbonate stratigraphic fields

Marine carbonate oil and gas fields have become an important exploration area in China and even across the world. Their formation, distribution and enrichment are special owing to the complexity of the deposition, diagenesis and accumulation, which is caused by the multiplicity of the carbonate de- positional environments and facies, huge extensions of formation time and burial depth, complication of diagenetic evolution, heterogeneity as well as the development of pores, caves and fractures affected by various factors. Oil and gas accumulations in carbonate rocks are not strictly controlled by the second-order structure belt. Most of them, under certain structural settings, are controlled by sedimentary diagenesis and its favorable facies. The hydrocarbon reservoir type is predominantly stratigraphic. Based on the worldwide researches of carbonate fields, the paper concludes that 7 main factors control the formation and distribution of middle-large marine carbonate stratigraphic fields.     

长春岭沿江地区扶余油层成藏主控因素分析

长春岭沿江地区扶余油层油气成藏条件研究和典型油气藏分析表明,研究区内青山口组烃源岩成熟度低、生烃能力较差;研究区的油气成藏规模受外部油气运移数量的控制。研究区油气主要来源于其西北的三肇凹陷青山口组烃源岩;不规则零散分布的河流相砂体、断层对砂体的强烈分割作用以及多期多成因油气对圈闭的充注作用是造成研究区油气分布复杂现象的主要原因。研究区存在"源岩区高压倒灌—侧向断裂疏导—构造高部位聚集"的成藏模式。研究区油气生成、运移与圈闭的形成期在时空上形成了良好有机的配置关系;其中明水组末期是研究区油气成藏事件的关键时刻。密集断裂带及油源补给程度是研究区油气成藏的主控因素。     

沉积盆地岩性地层圈闭成藏主控因素分析

随着世界油气勘探技术的发展和理论研究的不断深入,在新发现的油气藏中岩性地层油气藏无论是产量还是储量上都占有重要地位.因此,对这类油藏的理论研究一直是国内外石油地质学家研究的重要内容.本文认为岩性地层圈闭与构造圈闭在成藏条件和成藏机制方面存在一定差别,岩性地层圈闭的形成条件复杂,决定了其成藏主控因素具有自身的特点.提出了岩性地层圈闭成藏“四元主控”观点:即运移通道条件、流体动力条件、储层临界物性特征和砂体封闭条件.这4项主控因素控制和决定了岩性地层油气藏的形成.     

准噶尔盆地侏罗系层序格架中油气藏的分布规律及其主控因素

以 17条统一流程处理的区域地震大剖面为骨架网 ,综合分析地震、钻井和露头资料的结合 ,并经过 6次反复标定 ,建立起准噶尔盆地侏罗系统一的层序地层格架。将 5 8个已发现的侏罗系油气藏归位到层序和体系域中 ,分析其在层序和体系域中的分布规律。研究发现 ,在层序级别上 ,不同地区油气富集的层位不同 ,总体上有从西到东层位变新的趋势 ;在体系域级别上 ,侏罗系油气主要富集在低位域 ,只在腹部有少量的油气藏位于水进域和高位域。层序格架对油气富集的控制作用主要表现为储盖组合条件对油气聚集的控制 ,不同体系域内储集层物性的差异对油气富集也有控制作用。因此 ,在今后对准噶尔盆地侏罗系的油气勘探中 ,应重视低位域和盆地的边缘地带。     

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir, China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribu- tion prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H_2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

阳信洼陷岩性油气藏成藏控制因素分析

阳信洼陷古近系断裂发育,沉积相和沉积体系频繁变化,有效烃源岩分布广泛,为岩性油气藏的形成提供了良好的地质条件.阳信洼陷岩性油气藏主要包括砂体上倾尖灭油气藏、砂岩透镜体油气藏、断层-岩性油气藏、火成岩油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏5种类型.砂体上倾尖灭油气藏主要分布于北部陡坡带和南部斜坡带,砂岩透镜体油气藏主要分布在中部洼陷带、北部扇三角洲前缘相带和南部三角洲前缘相带,断层-岩性油气藏分布于断裂带附近,构造-岩性油气藏分布于鼻状构造带,火山岩油气藏分布于火山发育带.阳信洼陷有利的构造环境———沉积体系、充足的油气源条件、储层物性条件、断层(裂)体系的沟通或侧向遮挡、有效的直接盖层及生储盖的有机配置等优越条件是控制阳信洼陷岩性油气藏的形成与分布的主要因素.     

断-砂配置油气聚集条件及油气富集主控因素分析

为了研究断-砂配置在油气藏形成与分布中的作用,在断-砂配置所形成油气藏类型及特征研究的基础上,采用断-砂配置与油气分布之间空间配置关系分析的方法,对断-砂配置的油气聚集条件及油气富集的主控因素进行了研究。结果表明:油气运移条件不同,断-砂配置油气聚集条件也不同。油气沿砂体侧向运移条件下断-砂配置油气聚集条件是断层侧向封闭,而油气沿断裂垂向运移条件下断-砂配置油气聚集条件是上覆存在区域性盖层阻挡。断-砂配置油气富集主要受到3个因素的控制:1反向断裂有利于断-砂配置油气聚集成藏;2交叉断裂有利于断-砂配置油气聚集成藏;3断层侧向封闭性控制着断-砂配置油气富集程度。     

中上扬子地区海相成烃物质聚集分布规律及主控因素

以构造-层序地层学、沉积学与岩相古地理学理论和动态演化观为指导,通过新一轮中上扬子区震旦系-古生界成烃物质聚集分布规律分析,认为纵向上烃源岩与层序格架发育具有良好的对应关系,即对应于全球二级海平面变化旋回中的海侵体系域;主力烃源岩系以泥质烃源岩占绝对优势,次为碳酸盐质、硅质烃源岩,成层性好,单层厚度较薄;烃源岩母质类型和有机质演化随时代变新具有规律性变化;陡山沱组、筇竹寺组、龙马溪组和中上二叠统烃源岩品质较好,对油气成藏贡献大.横向上层序格架中各层烃源岩发育和分布规律及其有利区具有明显差异性;四川盆地内各层烃源岩全,江汉盆地下组合烃源层残存保留,雪峰西缘地区残存下组合烃源层,黔桂地区各套烃源岩相对较发育;以泥质烃源岩的分布范围最宽广,其层位、厚度和岩相最稳定,有机地化指标较佳.综合分析认为成烃物质聚集分布规律主要受构造背景、盆地性质、古气候、古地理以及沉积环境等因素控制,与各种成因引起的海平面上升的关系密切,并且总是聚集分布于滨海含煤体系、滞留陆棚、局限海湾、局限台地、台盆、大陆斜坡以及深水盆地等低能缺氧环境.     

源外斜坡区油气成藏主控因素及模式

正确认识油气成藏规律对油气勘探开发意义重大。在研究沉积相、油气藏类型及分布规律、油水分布规律的基础上,通过岩心、测井和地震等资料,对松辽盆地北部朝阳沟油田朝84-6区块扶余油层油气成藏与分布主控因素及成藏模式进行探究。结果表明:研究区油气成藏与分布主控因素有源储压差控制油气藏规模、构造作用控制油气的聚集与分异、沉积相控制油气藏分布三种因素;油气成藏存在断裂侧向输导斜坡高位断块油气聚集成藏、砂体侧向输导断裂遮挡油气聚集成藏、断裂侧向封闭垂向输导岩性圈闭油气聚集成藏三种模式。该项研究可以为类似地区油气成藏主控因素及模式的分析和应用提供参考。     

瓦斯灾害主控因素分析方法研究

从瓦斯灾害复杂影响因素中提取主控因素是瓦斯灾害预测与控制的关键。偏最小二乘回归分析方法(PLSR)可以解决样本数据偏少以及自变量多重线性问题。文中采用PLSR进行瓦斯灾害影响因素的主控因素分析,通过实例分析表明此方法可靠性高,预测效果好。     

The controlling factors of oil and gas charging and accumulation of Puguang gas field in the Sichuan Basin

Combined with oil and gas transport and accumulation, structure-lithology evolution history, and with geochemistry and synthesizing geology methods, this paper studies the oil and gas discharge history of Puguang large scale gas field and the main controlling factors of oil accumulation. The natural gas in Puguang gas field is mainly coal-derived gas and oil-racked gas. The main hydrocarbon is Upper Permian coal mudstone and Lower Silurian mud shale with organic material. Puguang gas field has gone through discharge and adjustment 3 times, and it has favorable palaeostructure location, high quality dredge and effectively conserving conditions.     

准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系砂砾岩储层主控因素

准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系碎屑岩储层的岩石学特征和物性特征的研究表明:克—百地区储层类型主要是小砾岩和砂砾岩,物性以夏子街组(P2x)为好,风城组(P_1f)和下乌尔禾组(P_2w)较差,上乌尔禾组(P3w)较好;车—拐地区储层类型主要是砂砾岩和小砾岩,物性以下乌尔禾组(P2w)为最好,上乌尔禾组(P_3w)及佳木河组(P_1j)次之.在此基础上,通过对岩芯、薄片、测井,录井及扫r电镜资料的分析,研究了沉积环境及成岩作用对准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系砂砾岩储层物性的控制作用.研究区以扇三角洲沉积相为主,其前缘水下分流河道微相水动力条件最强,储层的泥质杂基含量最低、物性最好;平原分流河道微相水动力条件较强,在合适的条件下也可以形成优质储层;前缘水下分流河道间、平原漫滩、平原沼泽等微相由于水动力条件较弱,沉积物泥质杂基含量较高,难以形成有效储层;研究区少量发育的冲积扇相沉积物的物性大多数较差,仅扇中及扇缘的部分河道沉积物物性较好.研究区对储层物性影响明显的成岩作用主要是压实、胶结、溶蚀作用,其中压实作用是储层物性最主要的破坏性成岩作用,造成了储层物性不可逆的降低;依胶结物含量的不同,胶结作用对储层物性具有双重作用;溶蚀作用是产生次生孔隙和裂缝,并具有连通作用的最重要的建设性成岩作用.总结了研究区砂砾岩储层的主控因素:沉积相带是控制碎屑岩储层物性的关键因素,压实作用强度是决定碎屑岩储层物性条件的主要因素,胶结作用的发育程度对储层原生孔隙的保存和次生孔隙发育影响较大,酸性孔隙流体运动活跃的疏导层是溶蚀孔隙发育区和油气聚集的有利区带.     

川西拗陷新场构造带须二段气藏类型划分及成藏主控因素

探索川西拗陷新场构造带须二段气藏类型,为致密砂岩气藏的勘探开发提供理论依据。通过源储配置关系研究、流体特征分析、天然气运聚特征研究、单井生产动态特征分析,结果表明断层沟通输导网状供烃和源储直接接触面状供烃是研究区须二段气藏主要的供烃方式。由此将研究区须二段气藏划分为断层输导型和源储相邻型2大类5亚类。晚期断层输导区和优质源储直接接触区具备良好的油气成藏组合关系,是须二段有利的油气分布区。     

乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏与分布控制因素分析

通过对乌尔逊凹陷构造、沉积、源岩、盖层、断层、运移路径和圈闭条件与油气藏的叠合的研究 ,分析了乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏与分布的控制因素 ,认为构造反转带是油气成藏有利构造区 ;扇三角洲和浊积扇是油气成藏的有利环境 ;盖源空间质量匹配控制着油气的空间分布 ;断裂控制着油气的运聚成藏及分布层位 ;油气运移路径的汇聚区位于南屯组烃灶内或其附近 ,有利于乌尔逊凹陷油气的运聚成藏 .因此可以得出结论 :源岩、盖层和断裂及其时空匹配关系是乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏与分布的主控因素     

盐津--珙县地区五峰组--龙马溪组页岩气富集成藏条件

利用野外观察及实验数据资料,对盐津-珙县地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气形成条件进行分析,并探讨其富集成藏的主控因素.研究结果表明盐津-珙县地区五峰组-龙马溪组下部黑色页岩是深水陆棚沉积产物,该区页岩气“甜点段”五峰组—段—四段和龙马溪组一段—五段发育完整,有机碳质量分数在2.7%~6.0%之间,主要为中高-高有机碳含量,富有机质黑色页岩厚度分布在30~50 m.在高含气层位,纳米级有机质孔和黄铁矿晶间孔大量发育,平均孔隙度为2.28%~3.48%,为吸附气和游离气提供良好的储集空间.研究区内构造强度较弱,通天断层少,具有良好的顶底板条件,压力系数平均大于1.0,因而保存条件良好.分析表明,高有机碳含量、纳米级孔隙发育、高脆性矿物含量、高压力系数是盐津-珙县地区页岩气富集成藏的主控因素.     

渤海海域埕岛油田新近系油气差异聚集主控因素

渤海海域埕岛油田新近系油气资源丰富,但分布极不均匀。充足的油源是油气聚集的前提;宏观上,构造背景和距生烃中心距离决定油气聚集的区带,断层的活动性、断距和盖层厚度的关系决定油气聚集的最浅层系,储盖组合决定油气富集的层系;微观上,砂体展布控制油气的分布。划分有利区带、确定有利层系、寻找有利井位是(低)凸起带及周缘地区新近系油气勘探的有效步骤。     

An initial discussion on major controlling factors on formation of coal-formed large-medium gas fields

The so-called "large-medium gas field" means a gas field with proven reserves equal to or larger than 100×108 m3.Up to 1997,23 coal-formed great-medium fields are discovered in China,excluding two in Taiwan Province.Their proven reserves take 50.9% in total natural gas reserves.Therefore,the coal-formed great-medium gas field plays a decisive role in natural gas reserves and the study of their controlling factors is very important both in theory and in practice.There are six major controlling factors on the formation of coal-formed large-medium gas fields:(ⅰ) The generating center of coal-formed gas and its surrounding area; (ⅱ) low potential area; (ⅲ) late pool-forming period; (ⅳ) traps related to the paleo-uplifits in coal-formed gas area; (ⅴ) above or between abnormally pressured compartments; (ⅵ) faulted traps related to coal-bed.     

川东南地区灯影组储层特征及其控制因素研究

川东南地区灯影组是一套以潮坪相白云岩为主的地层,其储层主要分布在中、上部。通过对灯影组储层薄片观察及物性资料分析发现,储集空间主要为次生溶蚀孔、洞、缝,储层类型为低孔低渗的裂缝-孔洞型储层。储层发育受沉积相和成岩作用的双重影响,沉积相是储层形成的基础,成岩作用则决定了储层的储集性能好坏;压实作用、胶结作用、硅化作用是破坏孔隙的主要成岩作用,溶蚀作用(特别是表生期古喀斯特作用)、破裂作用是发育次生孔隙的主要成岩作用。     

黔南拗陷独山上司组储层特征及主控因素

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