共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The synapsins: beyond the regulation of neurotransmitter release 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
The synapsins are a family of five closely related neuron-specific phosphoproteins associated with the membranes of synaptic
vesicles. The synapsins have been implicated in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. They tether synaptic vesicles
to actin filaments in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, controlling the number of vesicles available for release at the
nerve terminus. A growing body of evidence suggests that the synapsins play a broad role during neuronal development. They
participate in the formation and maintenance of synaptic contacts among central neurons. In addition, each synapsin has a
specific role during the elongation of undifferentiated processes and their posterior differentiation into axons and dendrites.
In this review, we focus on these novel roles of synapsins during the early stages of development.
Received 26 September 2001; received after revision 8 November 2001; accepted 9 November 2001 相似文献
2.
Morphological evidence for tracer uptake at the active zones of stimulated frog neuromuscular junction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Pecot-Dechavassine 《Experientia》1983,39(7):752-753
Lanthanum or ferritin added to the fixative were found in small and non-coated vesicles located at active zones in nerve-muscle preparations stimulated by potassium during cold aldehyde fixation. The presence of labeled vesicles at active zones supports the hypothesis that a double process of exo-endocytosis might occur under moderate stimulation conditions. 相似文献
3.
Ciruela F Ferré S Casadó V Cortés A Cunha RA Lluis C Franco R 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2006,63(21):2427-2431
Since 1990 it has been known that dimers are the basic functional form of nearly all G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and
that homo- and heterodimerization may play a key role in correct receptor maturation and trafficking to the plasma membrane.
Nevertheless, homo- and heterodimerization of GPCR has become a matter of debate especially in the search for the precise
physiological meaning of this phenomenon. This article focuses on how heterodimerization of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, which are coupled to apparently opposite signalling pathways, allows adenosine to exert a fine-tuning modulation
of striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission, providing a switch mechanism by which low and high concentrations of adenosine
inhibit and stimulate, respectively, glutamate release.
Received 8 May 2006; received after revision 19 June 2006; accepted 17 July 2006 相似文献
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5.
V-ATPases are multimeric enzymes made of two sectors, a V1 catalytic domain and a V0 membrane domain. They accumulate protons in various intracellular organelles. Acidification of synaptic vesicles by V-ATPase energizes the accumulation of neurotransmitters in these storage organelles and is therefore required for efficient synaptic transmission. In addition to this well-accepted role, functional studies have unraveled additional hidden roles of V0 in neurotransmitter exocytosis that are independent of the transport of protons. V0 interacts with SNAREs and calmodulin, and perturbing these interactions affects neurotransmitter release. Here, we discuss these data in relation with previous results obtained in reconstituted membranes and on yeast vacuole fusion. We propose that V0 could be a sensor of intra-vesicular pH that controls the exocytotic machinery, probably regulating SNARE complex assembly during the synaptic vesicle priming step, and that, during the membrane fusion step, V0 might favor lipid mixing and fusion pore stability. 相似文献
6.
G. A. Turner 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1979,35(12):1657-1658
Summary The ability of collagenase to disaggregate a solid metastasizing lymphosarcoma has been shown to considerably increase with reducing environmental pH. It is suggested that this effect may be operating in vivo to release cells from a primary tumour. 相似文献
7.
G A Turner 《Experientia》1979,35(12):1657-1658
The ability of collagenase to disaggregate a solid metastasizing lymphosarcoma has been shown to considerably increase with reducing environmental pH. It is suggested that this effect may be operating in vivo to release cells from a primary tumour. 相似文献
8.
M. M. Hanumante T. A. Butler M. Fingerman 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1984,40(7):740-741
Summary 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antibodies inhibit red pigment dispersion in the fiddler crab,Uca pugilator. This observation supports the hypothesis that 5-HT stimulates release of red pigment-dispersing hormone.The 5-HT antibody preparation was a generous gift from Dr S. Spector, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, New Jersey. 相似文献
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10.
A question at the intersection of scientific modeling and public choice is how to deal with uncertainty about model predictions. This “high-level” uncertainty is necessarily value-laden, and thus must be treated as irreducibly subjective. Nevertheless, formal methods of uncertainty analysis should still be employed for the purpose of clarifying policy debates. I argue that such debates are best informed by models which integrate objective features (which model the world) with subjective ones (modeling the policy-maker). This integrated subjectivism is illustrated with a case study from the literature on monetary policy. The paper concludes with some morals for the use of models in determining climate policy. 相似文献
11.
Birke J. Benedikter Antje R. Weseler Emiel F. M. Wouters Paul H. M. Savelkoul Gernot G. U. Rohde Frank R. M. Stassen 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2018,75(13):2321-2337
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, are emerging as important regulators of homeostasis and pathophysiology. During pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant conditions, EV release is induced. As EVs released under such conditions often exert pro-inflammatory and procoagulant effects, they may actively promote the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. There is evidence that thiol group-containing antioxidants can prevent EV induction by pro-inflammatory and oxidative stimuli, likely by protecting protein thiols of the EV-secreting cells from oxidation. As the redox state of protein thiols greatly impacts three-dimensional protein structure and, consequently, function, redox modifications of protein thiols may directly modulate EV release in response to changes in the cell’s redox environment. In this review article, we discuss targets of redox-dependent thiol modifications that are known or expected to be involved in the regulation of EV release, namely redox-sensitive calcium channels, N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor, protein disulfide isomerase, phospholipid flippases, actin filaments, calpains and cell surface-exposed thiols. Thiol protection is proposed as a strategy for preventing detrimental changes in EV signaling in response to inflammation and oxidative stress. Identification of the thiol-containing proteins that modulate EV release in pro-oxidant environments could provide a rationale for broad application of thiol group-containing antioxidants in chronic inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
12.
Emilia Pedone Danila Limauro Katia D’Ambrosio Giuseppina De Simone Simonetta Bartolucci 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2010,67(22):3797-3814
The Thioredoxin (Trx) fold is a versatile protein scaffold consisting of a four-stranded β-sheet surrounded by three α-helices.
Various insertions are possible on this structural theme originating different proteins, which show a variety of functions
and specificities. During evolution, the assembly of different Trx fold domains has been used many times to build new multi-domain
proteins able to perform a large number of catalytic functions. To clarify the interaction mode of the different Trx domains
within a multi-domain structure and how their combination can affect catalytic performances, in this review, we report on
a structural and functional analysis of the most representative proteins containing more than one catalytically active Trx
domain: the eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), the thermophilic protein disulfide oxidoreductases (PDOs) and
the hybrid peroxiredoxins (Prxs). 相似文献
13.
M. Fingerman K. Ranga Rao C. K. Bartell 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1967,23(11):962-962
Résumé Les investigateurs des chromatophorotropins n'emploient pas une méthode uniforme pour présenter leurs résultats. Par conséquent, la comparaison des données fournies par des laboratoires différents est souvent difficile. Pour éliminer ce problème, une méthode uniforme et pratique est proposée.
The research in laboratory of the authors was supported by Grant No. GB-5236 from the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
The research in laboratory of the authors was supported by Grant No. GB-5236 from the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
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15.
Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo James F. Markworth David Cameron-Smith 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2017,74(14):2537-2545
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex exerts a pivotal role in protein anabolism and cell growth. Despite its importance, few studies adequately address the complexity of phosphorylation of the mTOR protein itself to enable conclusions to be drawn on the extent of kinase activation following this event. In particular, a large number of studies in the skeletal muscle biology field have measured Serine 2448 (Ser2448) phosphorylation as a proxy of mTOR kinase activity. However, the evidence to be described is that Ser2448 is not a measure of mTOR kinase activity nor is a target of AKT activity and instead has inhibitory effects on the kinase that is targeted by the downstream effector p70S6K in a negative feedback loop mechanism, which is evident when revisiting muscle research studies. It is proposed that this residue modification acts as a fine-tuning mechanism that has been gained during vertebrate evolution. In conclusion, it is recommended that Ser2448 is an inadequate measure and that preferential analysis of mTORC1 activation should focus on the downstream and effector proteins, including p70S6K and 4E-BP1, along mTOR protein partners that bind to mTOR protein to form the active complexes 1 and 2. 相似文献
16.
Morphine 6 glucuronide stimulates nitric oxide release in mussel neural tissues: evidence for a morphine 6 glucuronide opiate receptor subtype 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mantione K Zhu W Rialas C Casares F Cadet P Franklin AL Tonnesen J Stefano GB 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2002,59(3):570-574
We have previously demonstrated that Mytilus edulis pedal ganglia contain opiate alkaloids, i.e., morphine and morphine 6 glucuronide (M6G), as well as mu opiate receptor subtype
fragments exhibiting high sequence similarity to those found in mammals. Now we demonstrate that M6G stimulates pedal ganglia
constitutive nitric oxide (NO) synthase (cNOS)-derived NO release at identical concentrations and to similar peak levels as
morphine. However, the classic opiate antagonist, naloxone, only blocked the ability of morphine to stimulate cNOS-derived
NO release and not that of M6G. CTOP, a mu-specific antagonist, blocked the ability of M6G to induce cNOS-derived NO release
as well as that of morphine, suggesting that a novel mu opiate receptor was present and selective toward M6G. In examining
a receptor displacement analysis, both opiate alkaloids displaced [3H]-dihydromorphine binding to the mu opiate receptor subtype. However, morphine exhibited a twofold higher affinity, again
suggesting that a novel mu opiate receptor may be present.
Received 1 November 2001; received after revision 1 February 2002; accepted 1 February 2002 相似文献
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The skin is a highly accessible organ and constitutes an active immunological site. Both these properties make this surface an attractive route for what promises to be a cost-effective, simple, practical and needle-free delivery of vaccines and immunomodulators. Less obvious is the fact that the state of the skin barrier can influence quantitative and qualitative aspects of antigen-specific immune responses. The everyday decision-making at the skin epithelium concerns the choice between the induction of an immune response and the establishment of a state of non-responsiveness (tolerance). This decision is influenced by various factors such as the dose, the route (intact vs barrier-disrupted skin), the cytokine microenvironment and the nature of the antigenic stimulus. By increasing our understanding of how immune responses are regulated in the epidermis we can envisage the development of immunisation protocols aimed at eliciting a protective immune response or inducing tolerance, with direct applications to preventive or therapeutic vaccination, respectively.Received 29 November 2004; received after revision 2 February 2005; accepted 22 February 2005 相似文献