福建柃属植物叶片脉序的比较研究

观察了福建柃属18种1变型植物的叶脉特征.结果表明,柃属脉序主要为环节曲行羽状脉;一级脉纤细至中等粗细,近直行,一级脉的差别较小;二级脉夹角多为锐角,也有直角或钝角;二级间脉有简单型和复合型两种;三级脉为结网型,叶缘末级脉有结环型、不完全型;网眼大小、形状不规则,发育均为不完善型.且这些性状稳定,表明柃属植物的脉序具有分类学价值,亦可为柃属的系统学研究提供一些有用的资料.     

福建薯蓣属植物叶脉序特征及其分类学意义

系统观察了福建薯蓣属14种植物的叶脉特征。根据脉序差异可分为两种类型，即羽状脉、弧形脉，由于各种间在一级脉的数目、方式、二级脉的夹角、走向、三级脉的类型、网眼发育情况、叶缘末级脉序类型以及盲脉分支情况方面，存在种间差异，且形状稳定。这表明薯蓣属植物的脉序具有分类学价值。     

福建防己科植物叶脉序比较研究

系统观察了福建防己科７属１３种植物的叶脉特征。根据脉差差异分为三种类型，即：掌状脉，复出掌状脉和顶聚脉，脉序的类型与属的划分不具相关性。由于各种间在脉的起源点，一级脉的数目，分支方式，是否形成脉环，二级脉的夹角，走向及脉环的行为上，存在着种间差异，且形状稳定，这表明，防己科植物的脉序具有分类学价值，同时可为该科的系统学研究提供有用资料。     

诸葛菜属及近缘类群(十字花科)的幼苗形态及其分类学意义

对中国特有属诸葛菜属 Orychophragmus 4种植物及近缘的心叶碎米荠 Cardamine limp richti‐ana 、大叶葱芥 A llaria grandi f olia 等的幼苗进行了形态学观察,并探讨了分类学意义.结果表明:1)诸葛菜属4种植物与心叶碎米荠、大叶葱芥幼苗的子叶均对折,出土,其脉序为掌状网脉,具侧生一级至四级脉,诸葛菜 O . violaceus 、大叶葱芥和心叶碎米荠3种具少数五级脉;2)在诸葛菜属内,诸葛菜的幼苗初生叶的毛被和子叶脉序与其他3种(湖北诸葛菜 O .hupehensis 、太白诸葛菜 O .taibaiensis 、铺散诸葛菜 O .di f f usus)存在明显差异,其中铺散诸葛菜第二、第三真叶羽裂.诸葛菜的下胚轴长度、直径明显长于或粗于其他3种 ;3)心叶碎米荠、大叶葱芥的幼苗与诸葛菜相似,但初生叶边缘具圆齿而有别,与铺散诸葛菜等3种在子叶脉序上差异较大,子叶与异堇叶碎米荠 C .violi f olia var .diversi f olia也有很大差别;4)全面观察幼苗形态并结合形态特征、花粉微形态、体细胞染色体数和系统发育研究结果,不支持将铺散诸葛菜、湖北诸葛菜和太白诸葛菜并入诸葛菜,也不支持将心叶碎米荠和大叶葱芥归入诸葛菜属.     

簕仔树的叶片解剖结构研究

利用石蜡切片技术对筋仔树(Mimosa bimucronata)叶片进行解剖研究.结果表明,筋仔树的叶是异面叶,表皮角质层的角质化程度随发育的进行而增大.叶肉细胞排列紧密,在海绵组织和栅栏组织之间具有贮藏组织.叶脉维管组织发达,具四级叶脉组成脉序,第一级、第二级叶脉类型属半周韧、有限维管束;第三级、第四级叶脉类型属外韧...     

山荆子叶脉序的研究

观察了自然分布于9个省共1 3个山荆子标本的叶片脉序,并把脉序的各种式样与现有的叶脉序描述术语和图进行了对照O结果表明:现有的术语不能对山荆子叶脉准确描述,但从其二级脉的整体行为来看,仍可划入环结脉O脉序的类型稳定,不同地方居群的代表样又有一定的特点,可以作为山荆子鉴定和分类的依据O山荆子脉序类型与湖北海棠极为相似,表明二者亲缘关系较近,主要区别在于二者细小二级脉不同。     

枸骨与小果十大功劳的叶形态-脉序鉴别特征

为寻找枸骨叶与其易混淆品小果十大功劳叶的主要鉴别特征,建立LMVP(叶形态-脉序图谱鉴别法,结果显示:两者在叶形态和脉序方面的主要特征存在明显区别。枸骨叶的主要特征为:具短柄;类长方形、矩圆状长方形、椭圆形、卵形,偶近圆形;脉序类型为达缘-环结-半达缘混合羽状脉序、环结羽状脉序或环结-半达缘混合羽状脉序;基生二级脉≤2条;网眼多由一至三级脉围成,形状大小不一,较大,直径2～9mm。小果十大功劳小叶的主要特征:无小叶柄;长卵形、卵状披针形、卵形或近圆形;脉序类型为环结-半达缘混合羽状脉序或半达缘羽状脉序;基生二级脉≥3条;网眼由一至四级脉围成,形状为四至六边形或三角形,大小形状较规则,较小,直径0.4～0.8mm。以上述5组区别点为指标,鉴别结果的正确性ηac=98.2%～100%;重复性为符合率ηaro=98.2%～99.6%,一致性强度Kappa=0.96～0.99。可见,建立的"叶形态-脉序图谱鉴别法"可准确地区别枸骨叶与小果十大功劳叶以及它们的饮片(丝)。该法具有操作简便、快速、价廉、可靠性强等特点。     

胡枝子属与米口袋属花粉亚显微形态特征的比较研究

报道了山东胡枝子属6种植物花粉与米口袋属4种植物花粉的亚显微形态特征，并对两属进行了比较分析．它们韵花粉从赤道面观均呈近长球形，极面观呈三裂圆形；具三条萌发沟；花粉粒的大小，极轴长27．2～19．5μm，赤道轴宽21．3～11．8μm．两属植物花粉的大小、表面纹饰、花粉粒萌发沟的沟裂宽度均有明显差别。研究结果表明，胡枝子属和米口袋属花粉的亚显微形态特征支持传统分类中的属、种级水平的分类。     

刺槐属(Robinia)植物花粉形态研究及其分类学意义

利用扫描电子显微镜对刺槐属(Robinia)植物的花粉进行了观察和研究,报道了花粉形态特征,探讨了花粉形态特征的分类学意义.结果表明刺槐属花粉具有属内一致性,均为长球形,具3条萌发沟;其花粉大小和表面纹饰的形态结构特征表现出种间,种与变种、变型之间的差异,可以作为分类依据,同时给出了花粉分类检索表.     

山东胡枝子属植物花粉形态研究及其在分类上的意义

报道了山东胡枝子属（Lespedeza Michx.）7种植物花粉的亚显微形态特征,花粉粒从赤道面观呈近长球形,极面观呈三裂圆形,具三条萌发沟;表面纹饰均为网状;花粉粒大小极轴长为26．3－19．0μm,赤道轴宽约为21．7－8．6μm研究结果表明,胡枝子属花粉的形态结构特征支持传统分类中的属和种级水平的分类。     

An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota

A new species of Neuroptera, Sophogramma lii sp. nov. is described and illustrated in this paper. This new species is assigned to Sophogramma Ren of Kalligrammatidae, mainly based on its humeral recurrent veins, the basal cell present between posterior branch of media at base of wing, etc. The new species is distinguished from all other Sophogramma species on the difference of wing venation. This exceptionally well-preserved specimen is recovered from the Yixian Formation, Huangbanjigou, located near Beipiao City, in western Liaoning Province. The genus diagnosis has been emended based on new characters shown in this new species. Based on a summary of localities, distribution and geological ages of all genera and species of the Kalligrammatidae, we suggest that Kalligrammatids might have originated in Eastern Asia, especially in China. Function of the wing pigmentation is discussed briefly. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30430100 and 40872022), Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program (Grant No. 5082002), Scientific Research Key Program (Grant No. KZ200910028005) and PHR Project of of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education, Science-Technology Basic Condition Platform from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 2005DKA21402)     

Leaf morphology correlates with water and light availability： What consequences for simple and compound leaves？

Leaves are organs sensitive to environmental changes in the process of evolution and may exhibit phenotypic plasticity as a response to abiotic stress.However,affirmation of leaf morphological plasticity and its regulations in different environments are still unclear.We performed a simulated experiment to study the variations of leaf morphology in different gradients of water and light availability.Considering different types of leaves and venation,we chose pinnate-veined simple leaves of Quercus acutissima and compound leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia as the study objects.The morphological parameters we investigated include leaf size,shape and venation pattern which can be easily measured in the field.Significant variations occurred in many parameters due to the effects of the environment and/or allometry.There were broadly consistent trends for leaf morphological variations along the gradients.The leaf size became smaller with a short supply of resources.Leaf elongation and fractions of the lamina area altered to enhance resources acquisition and conservation.Trade-offs between investments in support and functional structures optimized the venation pattern of major and minor veins.Leaflets partially played a role such as leaf teeth,for they are not only individual units,but also a part of the compound leaf.We suggest that more or less the same trends in morphological variations may be an important explanation for coexisting species to adapt to similar habitats and form the niche differentiation.     

Evolution of stomatal and trichome density of the Quercus delavayi complex since the late Miocene

A fossil oak species,Quercus tenuipilosa Q.Hu et Z.K.Zhou,is reported from the upper Pliocene Ciying Formation in Kunming,Yunnan Province,southwestern China.The establishment of this species is based on detailed morphologic and cuticular investigations.The fossil leaves are elliptic,with serrate margins on the apical half.The primary venation is pinnate,and the major secondary venation is craspedodromous.The tertiary veins are opposite or alternate-opposite percurrent with two branches.The stomata are anomocytic,occurring only on the abaxial epidermis.The trichome bases are unicellular or multicellular.The new fossil species shows the closest affinity with theextant Q.delavayi and the late Miocene Q.praedelavayi Y.W.Xing et Z.K.Zhou from the Xiaolongtan Formation of the Yunnan Province.All three species share similar leaf morphology,but differ with respect to trichome base and stomatal densities.Q.tenuipilosa.Q.praedelavayi,and Q.delavayi can be considered to constitute the Q.delavayi complex.Since the late Miocene,a gradual reduction in trichome base density has occurred in this complex.This trend is the opposite of that of precipitation,indicating that increased trichome density is not an adaptation to dry environments.The stomatal density(SD)of the Q.delavayi complex was the highest during the late Miocene,declined in the late Pliocene,and then increased during the present epoch.These values show an inverse relationship with atmospheric CO_2 concentrations,suggesting that the SD of the Q.delavayi complex may be a useful proxy for reconstruction of paleo-CO_2 concentrations.     

四川省及重庆市绣球属（Hydrangea Linn.）的分类研究（I）——研究历史及地理分布

对锈球属在绣球花（亚）科中的位置以及绣球属的研究历史作了综述,并对地理分布作了讨论;据广义虎耳草科的rbcL序列资料的分支分析、绣球花科的rbcL序列资料的分支分析、绣球花科种子形态学特征、绣球亚科的脉序研究以及绣球花亚科花粉形态特征,推测绣球属可能在绣球在亚科演化上处于一个中心位置,与其它各属有着十分亲缘的关系,绣球属在四川省及重庆市有18种及4变种,可明确地划分为4个组,即离瓣组（Sect,Petalanthae(Maxim,)Wei)、挂苦子组（Sect,Heteromallae(Rehd,)Wei)、绣球组（Sect,Hydrangea)和冠盖组（Sect,Calypranthe Maxim）,在四川省及重庆市该属广泛分布,特别是四川盆地周围海拔高于1000m的高山上分布种类较多,而在盆地内低海拔的平原和丘陵地区仅零星分布。     

Two new Jurassic stoneflies （Insecta： Plecoptera） from Daohugou,Inner Mongolia,China

Two new genera and two new species of family Taeniopterygidae, Mengitaenioptera multiramis gen. et sp. nov. and Noviramonemoura trinervis gen. et sp. nov. are described. These fossils were collected from Daohugou Village （the Middle Jurassic）, Inner Mongolia, China. Hitherto, these fossil species from Daohugou are the oldest taeniopterygids. Both simple and complex venations simultaneously occurred in this group, which reveals that the early diversification of taeniopterids was well underway by the Middle Jurassic. Therefore, we prefer to adopt the Comstock＇s opinion that the venation of taeniopterids was derived from the simple venation of the older group （such as Palaeonemouridae） at much ancient geological time ago. Some of the descendants carried this simple venation; others evolved into complex venation with many additional crossveins and branches.     

中国壁虎属的地理分布、形态学和分子系统学研究进展

壁虎属(Gekko)世界报道有47种,中国是壁虎属物种多样性最为丰富的国家,已记载16种.中国壁虎属物种多分布在秦岭以南的热带和亚热带地区,北方种类较少,少数物种可分布至温带,其中11种为中国特有种,荔波壁虎、太白壁虎、文县壁虎、海南壁虎、兰屿壁虎则为分布范围狭窄的地区特有种.目前基于部分线粒体基因和核基因分子标记对中国壁虎属的分子系统学研究已解决许多分类问题,但仍存在较大分歧,种下关系及分类问题尚有待解决.因此,广泛收集中国壁虎属样本,尤其是广布种各地理种群样本,运用多基因联合分析,可有效解决中国壁虎属目前存在的分类和系统关系问题.     

南昌市20例健康婴儿肠菌群的研究

本文报告了1983—1984年对南昌市20例婴儿正常肠菌群的研究结果。9种肠细菌的平均对数均值为5.77—9.78(log10~n/g)。对166株需氧、厌氧肠球菌进行了菌型鉴定分析,初步结果确定为革兰氏阳性球菌4个属9个种;革兰氏阴性球菌1个属2个种。并对14株细菌作了药敏试验。     

五加科大参属的研究

<正>大参属(Macropanax)是荷兰植物学家Miquel于1855年建立的,当时记载了三种植物,到1864年他又发表了另一种,其中有两种植物被E.Regel(1863)和B.Seemann(1864)重新组合到罗伞属(Brassaiopsis)中。直到1942年,李惠林(H.L.Li)在发表《中国五加科植物》一文时,该属只记载两种。1965年后何景、曾沧江对五加科的进一步研究,使该属的种数增加至6种。1979年冯国楣、李雅茹在云南植物志中又描述了一新种;同年,Philipson在马来西亚植物志中也增加了一个新组合种,其种的数目便逐渐增加。