冰球式封装蓄冰槽蓄冷过程理论分析及实验研究

通过对冰球式封装蓄冰槽蓄冷时的传热过程进行分析,建立了数值传热方程,对蓄冷过程进行了理论计算,得到了蓄冰槽蓄冷过程中乙二醇溶液出口温度及蓄冰球温度的变化趋势.同时,设计搭建了冰球式封装蓄冷空调系统实验台,分析了冰球式蓄冷系统中蓄冰槽和蓄冰球的结构与性能,对蓄冷过程进行了实验测试,并将测试结果与理论计算进行了对比分析,提出了优化冰球式蓄冷系统的方法.     

板式相变储换热器的储换热准则

为提高蓄冷系统的功效,建立了分析板式相变储换热器储、换热性能的理论模型,采用温度—相变界面迭代法分析了相变界面和流体温度随时间和位置的变化规律,讨论了当传热流体为气体时,在气体侧加肋片后的强化换热效果,得到了相变界面、蓄冷量和流体温度的量纲一的公式,它们不局限于某一种相变材料或工况,对板式相变储换热器的设计和性能优化具有普适的指导意义。     

温度比对叶片内冷通道对流传热影响的数值研究

为了提高涡轮叶片内冷通道流动传热计算精度,首先讨论了大温差下空气物性不同计算方法间的差异,并通过与管内常用传热经验关系式结果的对比,研究了不同定性温度取值方法和湍流模型对数值模拟结果的影响。在此基础上侧重研究了大温差对光滑圆形内冷通道内的流动传热的影响,温度比变化范围0.5～0.9,通道Re数范围20 000～60 000,得到了传热Nu数和温度修正因子随温度比与Re数的变化数据和拟合关系式。结果表明采用截面平均流体温度定义传热系数和采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型可使局部和平均传热系数与Gnielinski公式结果符合良好。大温差对通道传热的影响显著,Nu数最大降幅可达30%。计算显示温度修正因子随温度比的减小而减小,随Re数的增大而减小。     

三元双向相变储能换热器的数值模拟与分析

目的建立应用于通信基站中的相变储能空调系统中的相变储能模块,使得空调系统达到在夜间利用室外自然冷源和低压电同时给相变材料蓄冷,以解决通信基站等设备高负荷运作的高温地点中的冷负荷问题.方法建立了一种三元双向的板式壳式换热器,基于不同气候下基站房间的供冷需要,提出了相变储能空调工作的5种工况,并对该换热器的四种运行情况下的蓄、释冷情况进行了模拟仿真,最后对其传热单元数进行了计算.结果通过对相变储能换热器的模拟,得出其蓄、释冷过程中的温度分布,液相分布,蓄冷与释冷规律,计算得出笔者设计的此种相变储能换热器的综合传热单元数为3.5.结论笔者设计的相变储能模块可以满足对通信基站房间进行供冷的要求,具有较高的传热效能,在工程实践中具有可行性.     

水平小圆管内超临界二氧化碳对流传热特性的试验研究

本文试验研究了超临界压力二氧化碳在水平小圆管内的对流传热特性。采用内径2mm的不锈钢圆管作为试验段,利用电加热方式提供均匀加热热流。试验压力p取7.6、8.2、8.9 MPa,质量流速G取700、1 100、1 400kg/(m~2·s),热流密度q取0~360kW/m~2,流体温度Tb取17~81℃。获取了超临界二氧化碳传热壁温分布及传热系数的规律,讨论了质量流速和压力对传热过程的影响。结果表明,在流体温度达到拟临界值之前,存在一个传热强化区,且当液膜温度达到拟临界温度时,传热系数处于峰值区。对比了若干超临界流体传热关联式,其中Li公式较适合于本文工况下的传热计算。     

三重同心套管相变传热的数值模拟与实验研究

通过数值模拟与实验,研究了三重同心套管内的相变传热过程。相变材料填充在三重同心套管的夹层内,热流体和冷流体分别在套管外层和内层中流动。根据能量守衡,运用了一种简化数值模拟方法(称为温度热阻叠代法)计算分析了三重同心套管内凝固过程。搭建了实验台,实验验证了数值模拟结果,并得出冷流体的入口温度及流量对释热量的影响规律。     

纳米复合相变材料融化传热特性的格子Boltzmann方法研究

基于双分布函数模型方法,建立了一个模拟伴随有液相自然对流的纳米复合相变材料融化传热过程的格子Boltzmann方程模型.其中温度分布函数方程的构建采用直接基于焓方程的方法 ,避免传统方法需要迭代处理源项,提高了计算效率.应用该模型对方腔内纳米流体自然对流传热过程进行模拟,模拟结果与文献结果吻合较好;在此基础上对纳米复合相变材料融化过程进行模拟.结果表明,有效黏度系数的变化对纳米复合相变材料融化传热有着至关重要的影响,偏高的黏度系数可能会抑制纳米流体相变换热过程.此外,在给定的纳米粒子体积份额情况下,区域相变材料融化传热性能随Rayleigh数的增大而增强.     

基于有限元分析的新型立式蓄冰板结构的优化设计

在立式封装板蓄冰设备的优化研究中,冰板结构尺寸的确定是一个基础而重要的环节．通过建立二维立式蓄冰板的相变传热数学模型,运用有限元分析对蓄冷过程进行模拟,通过模拟不同结构立式蓄冰板内的温度场的变化情况来分析蓄冰板的蓄冷、释冷性能,从而确定蓄冰板的优化结构,得出蓄冰板的厚度对完全结冰所需蓄冷时间、平均蓄冷速率等的影响较大．为充分利用8h的波谷电价时间段,确定立式蓄冷板的最优结构为600mm×320mm×50mm．     

三重同心套管相变传热的数值模拟与实验研究

通过数值模拟与实验，研究了三重同心套管内的相变传热过程。相变材料填充在三重同心套管的夹层内，热流体和冷流体分别在套管外层和内层中流动。根据能量守衡，运用了一种简化数值模拟方法（称为温度热阻叠代法）计算分析了三重同心套管内凝固过程。搭建了实验台，实验验证了数值模拟结果，并得出冷流体的人口温度及流量对释热量的影响规律。     

高温熔融盐壳管式相变换热器的传热特性

建立了高温熔融盐壳管式相变换热器的同心套管模型.采用Fluent软件,分析了在考虑相变区域自然对流条件下,熔融盐流体与相变材料的物性参数、内管进口温度与进口流向等因素对液相率与熔化时间的影响,并在熔融盐传热-蓄热实验平台上进行了试验研究.发现:考虑相变区域自然对流时,总的熔化时间减少16.2%;模拟得到的壳侧相变材料温...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to