Inhibition of molybdenum blue formation by ATP

Summary Molybdenum blue formation was not affected by the presence of ATP up to a concentration of 1.2 mM/l. At higher concentrations the color development was inhibited relative to ATP concentration, finally reaching complete inhibition. Auto-hydrolysis of ATP was found at a rate of 1.4%/h. An exact determination of inorganic phosphate in the presence of easily hydrolyzed phosphate esters requires the measurement of extinction at fixed time intervals and extrapolation back to time zero.Acknowledgment. This work was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Tetrazolium salts: Adrenergic blockade by blue tetrazolium

Zusammenfassung Tetrazoliumblau blockiert die -Rezeptoren. An der Nickhaut scheint diese Wirkung kompetitiv zu sein.     

Inhibition of thiamine transport in baker's yeast by methylene blue

Summary Methylene blue was found to inhibit thiamine transport competitively (K_i=0.63 M) in baker's yeast. The dye was also effective in abolishing the growth inhibition ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae by pyrithiamine which is known to be taken up by a common transport system for thiamine in yeast cells. A possible mechanism for the inhibition by methylene blue of the thiamine transport system in baker's yeast is discussed.     

Staining of microtubules of the electrocyte ofElectrophorus electricus L. by alcian blue and lanthanum

Summary Microtubules were observed in the cytoplasm of theElectrophorus electricus L. when the tissue was fixed in the presence of alcian blue and lanthanum nitrate.Supported by grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Conselho de Ensino para Graduados da UFRJ, and FINEP.     

Function and molecular evolution of multicopper blue proteins

Multicopper blue proteins (MCBPs) are multidomain proteins that utilize the distinctive redox ability of copper ions. There are a variety of MCBPs that have been roughly classified into three different groups, based on their domain organization and functions: (i) nitrite reductase-type with two domains, (ii) laccase-type with three domains, and (iii) ceruloplasmin-type with six domains. Together, the second and third group are often commonly called multicopper oxidases (MCOs). The rapid accumulation of genome sequence information in recent years has revealed several new types of proteins containing MCBP domains, mainly from bacteria. In this review, the recent research on the functions and structures of MCBPs is summarized, mainly focusing on the new types. The latter half of this review focusses on the twodomain MCBPs, which we propose as the evolutionary intermediate of the MCBP family.Received 25 February 2005; received after revision 23 May 2005; accepted 31 May 2005     

The red impurity in trypan blue

Zusammenfassung Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung der roten Komponente des teratogenen und karzinogenen Farbstoffs Trypanblau: 8-ammo-2-(3, 3-Dimethylbiphenyl-4azo)-naphth-1-ol-3,6-Disulphonsäure.     

The so-called red impurity of trypan blue

Zusammenfassung Die sogenannte rote Verunreinigung von Trypanblau wurde als Gemisch von 3 Azofarbstoffen erkannt, voneinander getrennt und in ihrer Struktur aufgeklärt. Eine dieser Substanzen scheint für die kanzerogene Aktivität des kommerziellen Trypanblaus verantwortlich zu sein.     

Astaxanthin in the blue oceanic barnacleLepas fascicularis

Zusammenfassung Die blaue Farbe der ozeanischen Cirripedien,Lepas fascicularis, wird als Chromoproteid mit Astaxanthin als Carotinoidkomponente identifiziert.

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These researches are among those supported by Research Grant No. GB-2312 to the senior author from the National Science Foundation. We are indebted also to Dr.W. A. Newman for his help and information concerning the biology of this barnacle.     

The influence of cyclic nucleotides (c-AMP and c-GMP) on the nitrous blue tetrazolium reduction by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes

Résumé On a étudié l'influence des nucléotides cycliques (AMP-cyclique et GMP-cyclique) sur la réduction du NBT. L'AMP-cyclique ainsi que le théophylline inhibent cette réduction, tandis que la GMP-cyclique l'active. La préincubation de leucocytes en présence de l'AMP-cyclique annule l'activation de la réduction par l'acide ascorbique mais ne l'influence pas par le bleu de méthylène. On peut en conclure que dans ce système, comme dans les autres, ces deux nucléotides jouent un rôle d'antagonistes.     

Galcein blue as a fluorescent label in bone

Zusammenfassung Calceinblau ergibt, in Knochen eingebaut, unter UV-Bestrahlung eine klar erkennbare blaue Fluoreszenz. Calceinblau eignet sich vor allem für Mehrfarbmarkierung des Knochens in Kombination mit Tetracyclin und Calcein oder DCAF. Solche Mehrfarbmarkierungen erleichtern das Studium des Knochenumbaus.