电纺制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)无序微纳米纤维膜及其表面润湿性能研究

利用静电纺丝法制备了聚丙烯腈(PAN)无序微纳米纤维膜,通过控制纺丝电压,溶液浓度和进料速率并借助接触角测量仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对微纳米纤维材料的纤维形貌和润湿性进行了表征和研究.结果表明,对于PAN无序微纳米纤维膜,增大纺丝电压、减小进料速率、增大溶液浓度会使微纳米纤维膜的纤维直径增大;增大纺丝电压,减小进料速率会使微纳米纤维膜接触角增大;增大浓度,会使微纳米纤维膜接触角先增大后减小.通过控制变量法对PAN无序微纳米纤维膜分析得出,相对高的纺丝电压(14 k V)和相对低的进料速率(0.50m L·h-1)以及适中的PAN溶液浓度(12%wt)可以提升PAN无序微纳米纤维膜的疏水性.此外,均匀的PAN纤维膜的微纳米结构是影响它疏水性的重要因素.     

PAN/ZnO抗静电纳米复合纤维膜的制备及性能研究

为了提高聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维的抗静电性能,以聚丙烯腈原丝为基料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为溶剂配制了聚丙烯腈纺丝液。然后通过超声波及机械搅拌的方法将不同质量分数的导电性能良好的纳米氧化锌(Zn O)分散在聚丙烯腈纺丝液中,配制成PAN/Zn O二元复合纺丝液,采用高压静电纺丝技术制备具有抗静电性能的PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维。研究了PAN纺丝液、PAN/Zn O二元复合纺丝液的可纺性以及不同质量分数的纳米氧化锌对PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维膜的结晶度及体积比电阻的影响。结果表明:纺丝液的可纺性较好,在体积分数为12%,纺丝电压为18k V,接收距离为15 cm,推进速度为0.000 5 mm/s的条件下进行静电纺丝,可以得到纤维直径均匀,纤维平行伸直度良好,表面光滑的PAN纳米纤维;随着纳米氧化锌质量分数的提高,PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维表面变得粗糙,但结晶度无明显变化,体积比电阻减小,抗静电性能提高。     

PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其红外辐射特性

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚丙烯腈/碳纳米管(PAN/CNT)复合纳米纤维膜,利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪对CNT质量分数不同的PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜进行了表征和分析,并利用紫外可见近红外光谱仪和配备有积分球的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜在可见光和红外光段的辐射特性进行了测试和考察。结果表明:静电纺丝技术可制备CNT分布均匀的PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜;相较于纯PAN纳米纤维膜,PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜的可见光谱和红外光谱吸收率显著增强,且随着CNT质量分数的增加,复合纳米纤维膜的红外光谱吸收率呈增大趋势。研究结果为PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜在太阳能光热转化和中红外辐射领域的进一步应用提供了理论依据。     

ZnCl_2/PAN基静电纺多孔碳纳米纤维电极的制备及其电容脱盐性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备ZnCl2/聚丙烯腈(PAN)基复合纳米纤维,经预氧化、碳化和HCl处理制得电容器脱盐用多孔碳纳米纤维(简称PCNF)电极.通过扫描电镜、比表面积、红外光谱及接触角技术研究PCNF的形貌、结构性能.结果表明,ZnCl2对纳米纤维丝具有造孔作用,提高了纤维的比表面积,同时改善了纤维的表面亲水性.循环伏安测试证明该PCNF电极具有较高的双电层电容,将其组装电容器,成功用于盐水淡化,单个循环的脱盐量为8.2mg/g,比纯PAN基碳纳米纤维电极提高了5倍.以PCNF作为电极的电容器脱盐循环稳定性好,有望用于苦咸水及海水的淡化处理.     

高过滤性纳米纤维素/聚丙烯腈复合空气滤膜制备研究

以聚丙烯腈(polyacrylonitrile,PAN)和纳米纤维素晶体(cellulose nanocrystal,CNC)为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备纳米纤维素/聚丙烯腈复合空气滤膜.利用扫描电子显微镜,接触角,热重分析仪等测试方法对所制备的样品进行表征.静电纺薄膜的纤维直径平均(119±12)nm,具有多孔结构. CNC的添加提高了薄膜的亲水性能.红外分析证明了体系中CNC的存在,热重分析证明了薄膜具有一定的热稳定性.过滤性能测试结果表明该空气滤膜具有高过滤效率和低压降.添加纳米纤维素能够有效地改善聚丙烯腈空气滤膜的疏水性能.此外,纳米纤维素具有高强度和弹性模量,能够有效地提高空气滤膜的强度,从而增加空气滤膜的使用寿命.     

HPEI接枝改性PAN/GO-PAA静电纺纳米复合纤维膜对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附

以丙烯酸(AA)为单体,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,通过原位聚合法,在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面包覆聚丙烯酸(PAA),得到GO-PAA纳米复合物.将GO-PAA纳米复合物分散在聚丙烯腈(PAN)基体中,利用静电纺丝技术得到PAN/GO-PAA静电纺纳米复合纤维膜.利用化学接枝反应在PAN/GO-PAA静电纺纳米复合纤维膜表面接枝超支化聚乙烯亚胺(HPEI),构筑HPEI-g-PAN/GO-PAA静电纺纳米复合纤维膜.研究了HPEI-g-PAN/GO-PAA静电纺纳米复合纤维膜对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附性能.结果表明：HPEI-g-PAN/GO-PAA静电纺纳米复合纤维膜对Au(Ⅲ)的最大吸附量为1 808.60 mg·g^-1,在吸附过程中,部分Au(Ⅲ)被还原为片状和不规则颗粒状的Au单质.在共存离子体系中,HPEI-g-PAN/GO-PAA对Au(Ⅲ)具有较好的吸附选择性.     

静电纺丝制备复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银及其性能

采用静电纺丝技术, 以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂, 聚丙烯腈为载体, 制备复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银, 并用Fourier变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、 透射电子显微镜（TEM）、 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、 差热 热重分析（TG-DTG）和X射线衍射（XRD）等方法对复合纳米纤维的化学结构、 形貌、 热稳定性和晶体结构进行表征. 结果表明： 聚丙烯腈、 纳米纤维素晶体和银纳米粒子有机结合形成复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银; 复合纳米纤维的尺寸均匀, 平均直径为（214±12）nm, Ag纳米粒子在复合纳米纤维体系中均匀分布, 粒径为5~25 nm; 该复合纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能优异.     

同轴静电纺丝制备中空多孔碳纳米纤维

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为鞘层,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为芯层,氧化锌(ZnO)为造孔剂,采用同轴静电纺丝技术制备出PAN复合纤维,经过煅烧、酸处理后制得中空多孔碳纳米纤维.采用透射电镜(TEM)对中空多孔碳纳米纤维的形貌进行表征,并考察了不同溶液浓度、电压、流速对中空多孔碳纳米纤维内外直径影响.结果表明:当内层溶液PMMA质量分数为10%,外层溶液PAN质量分数为10%,醋酸锌质量分数为6%,电压为15kV,内、外层流速分别为1.0mL/h和1.5mL/h时,中空多孔碳纳米纤维的内外直径及介孔形貌最佳.     

PAN/HBP复合超细纤维的制备与表征

采用聚丙烯腈/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/多氨基超支化聚合物三元体系为纺丝液,通过静电纺丝制备了PAN/HBP复合超细纤维,探讨了聚丙烯腈浓度、超支化聚合物含量、纺丝电压、接收距离和推进速度等因素对复合纤维直径和形貌的影响.结果表明,增大PAN浓度和增加HBP含量,都会使纤维直径增大;静电纺丝电压增大,可以减小纤维直径;适当的接收距离和推进速度才可以获得直径细而均匀的纤维.通过对PAN/HBP复合超细纤维的氨基含量测试和FTIR分析,进一步证实了PAN/HBP复合纤维表面和内部氨基的存在.     

纺丝工艺对医用PAN中空纤维超滤膜性能的影响

采用干一湿法纺丝,制得性能良好的聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维膜。分析了纺丝工艺对 PAN中空纤维超滤膜性能的影响。实验证明增加干纺程长度有利于改善 PAN 膜的的超滤性能。研究表明 PAN 中空纤维是一种具有多空基质的不对称膜,存在紧密的皮层,改变纺丝过程中的挤出速率、填充液压力、卷绕速率和拉伸倍数可以调节中空纤维的内外径和壁厚。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with