双水相萃取红景天苷的研究

聚乙二醇(PEG)/盐的水溶液双相体系(ATPS)形成双相行为和双相分配行为的研究.研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)的分子量和质量分数,盐种类,盐的质量分数,离子强度,红景天初始浓度对红景天提取率的影响.并通过正交试验,确定最佳双水相PEG/(NH_4)_2SO_4体系的条件,产生一个简单的预处理方法为提取和测定红景天苷.当双水相体系是20%PEG1000,20%(NH_4)_2SO_4和1%KCl时,提取效果最好,提取率是95.32%.     

聚乙二醇干扰素的研究和应用

干扰素在某些病毒性疾病的临床治疗方面显示了巨大的潜力,PEG干扰素系将干扰素与PEG共价结合在一起, 改善了干扰素的生物活性.本文PEG干扰素的长效机制、聚乙二醇修饰的方法、PEG干扰素的生产工艺、PEG干扰素纯品质量控制和我国PEG干扰素的应用现状等方面综述了国内外聚乙二醇干扰素的研究和应用现状和发展前景.     

季铵盐催化合成二烯丙基聚乙二醇的研究

采用四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)作催化剂,由聚乙二醇(PEG)和烯丙基氯合成二烯丙基聚乙二醇,并用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对产物进行结构分析。研究了催化剂及其用量、原料配比、反应时间、聚乙二醇相对分子质量对聚乙二醇封端率的影响。实验结果表明,当n(烯丙基氯)∶n(PEG)∶n(KOH)∶n(TBAB)=4∶1∶3∶0.05,反应时间为8h时,反应条件最佳,聚乙二醇封端率为80.5%,采用盐析法可使产物的封端率提高至85.5%(以PEG 400为例)。该方法具有封端率高、操作简单安全等特点。     

PEG/AA/AM水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以聚乙二醇(PEG)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用辉光放电等离子体引发聚合技术在水溶液中一步制得了聚乙二醇/丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺(PEG/AA/AM)水凝胶.考察了放电电压、放电时间、交联剂用量、聚乙二醇含量对凝胶吸水倍率的影响,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了凝胶的结构,用紫外可见分光光度计(UV)研究了水凝胶对结晶紫的脱色行为.结果表明,在最佳的合成条件下,所得水凝胶的最大吸水倍率达到240 g.g-1,PEG/AA/AM水凝胶具有pH敏感性,180 min时对浓度为200 mg.L-1的结晶紫的脱色率可达到94%.     

玻璃纤维改性相变沥青混合料路用性能

为研究玻璃纤维对聚乙二醇(PEG)沥青混合料性能的增强效果,探究玻璃纤维掺量对其性能的影响规律,通过车辙试验、半圆弯拉试验、冻融劈裂试验研究了玻璃纤维PEG沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和水稳定性,并利用室外调温试验研究掺加玻璃纤维前后PEG在沥青混合料中的降温效果。结果表明:玻璃纤维掺量为0.2%时,PEG沥青混合料的高温稳定性较好,动稳定度比未掺时高51%;玻璃纤维对混合料低温性能、水稳定性有影响,但效果不明显;玻璃纤维几乎不会影响PEG对沥青混合料的降温效果。可见玻璃纤维能显著提高PEG沥青混合料的高温稳定性且不会破坏PEG材料的调温性能。     

果蝇胚胎细胞无血清培养

本文报告了以聚乙二醇(PEG)为添加物而进行的果蝇胚胎细胞无血清培养的研究,结果表明:PEG具有促进脂肪体细胞发育和细胞增殖的作用,并简单讨论了PEG的这种作用机理.     

多层壁陶瓷型芯内腔熔芯的制备及性能研究

采用预制夹芯法制备多层壁陶瓷型芯因具有工艺简便、成型精度高等优点受到关注.笔者以聚乙二醇(PEG)为增塑剂,石墨、石英玻璃粉为填料,制备了可熔夹芯;通过二次注射成型制备了多层壁陶瓷型芯坯体,实现了熔芯/型芯的一体脱脂.研究了聚乙二醇分子量对熔芯浆料及制备坯体性能的影响,结果表明:当PEG分子量不超过2000时,增塑剂分子量对熔芯性能的影响较小,随着PEG分子量继续增加,坯体内缺陷增加导致性能变差;采用PEG2000制备的熔芯坯体具有最佳的综合性能,其抗弯强度、高温变形量和表面粗糙度分别为13.0 MPa、2.94 mm和1.18μm.研究了熔芯/型芯的一体化脱脂行为,经过脱脂和烧结,熔芯被完全烧蚀,形成了陶瓷型芯的空腔结构,且熔芯脱除对陶瓷型芯的结构完整性和精度未产生不良影响.陶瓷型芯制件的尺寸公差不超过±0.15 mm,空心内腔表面粗糙度为1.81μm,满足高温浇铸对陶瓷型芯尺寸精度的要求.     

聚乙二醇对碳酸钙晶体生长影响的研究

选用聚乙二醇(PEG)作为碳酸钙晶体生长的修饰剂,考察不同分子量的聚乙二醇对碳酸钙晶型和形貌的调控作用.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)对所得晶体进行表征,结果表明:PEG6000、PEG10000以及PEG20000均对碳酸钙晶体的形貌产生了影响,并且低分子量的PEG6000有利于不稳定的球霰石相的生成.     

聚乙二醇对血红蛋白离子交换层析行为的影响

研究作为共溶剂的聚乙二醇(PEG600和PEG4000)在离子交换层析法纯化血红蛋白过程中对血红蛋白层析行为的影响.预处理后的牛血红细胞破裂液用Q Sepharose Big Beads阴离子交换介质进行层析.层析过程中添加质量分数为0.5%～5.0% 的PEG600或PEG4000,血红蛋白回收率由76%提高到90%以上,血红蛋白纯度略有增加并且其生物活性得到较好地保持,PEG600对血红蛋白层析的保留时间影响不大,PEG4000使血红蛋白的层析保留时间增加,增加强度与PEG的浓度之间呈正相关,并用共溶剂理论对上述结果进行了讨论.     

坡缕石/聚乙二醇/丙烯酸水凝胶的合成及性能测试

在水溶液中,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,坡缕石(PGS)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,用辉光放电电解等离子体(GDEP)引发聚合技术一步制备坡缕石/聚乙二醇/丙烯酸(PGS/PEG/AA)水凝胶.对合成过程中GDEP的影响因素,如放电电压、放电时间进行了优化.探讨了水凝胶的溶胀动力学行为,研究了不同pH溶液、盐浓度对水凝胶胀率的影响以及反复吸液功能,初步测试了PGS/PEG/AA水凝胶对阳离子染料的吸附行为.结果表明,该水凝胶具有pH敏感性、盐敏感性和可逆溶胀-消溶胀行为,其对阳离子染料有较高的吸附量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-