4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙胺盐酸盐的合成

以香草醛和硝基甲烷为原料,通过缩合、还原和成盐反应,合成了4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙胺盐酸盐,并通过IR和1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。进一步探讨了反应温度、催化剂用量和反应物摩尔比对缩合反应产率的影响,以及还原剂的制备、反应温度和反应时间对还原反应产率的影响,还原产率达到66.8%。     

1-氨基-2-羟基-6-硝基-茚的合成研究

1-氨基-2-羟基-6-硝基-茚可作药物和农药的中间体.以1-茚酮为原料,经过硝化反应、还原反应、脱水反应、环氧化反应、氨解反应得到1-氨基-2-羟基-6-硝基-茚,反应总收率为20.4%.通过偶极计算,我们确定了硝化产物主产物6-硝基-1-茚酮和副产物-4-硝基-1-茚酮,并通过柱层析对其分离;在环氧化反应中,使用m-CPBA作为环氧化试剂收率远高于其他过氧酸;目标产物后处理方法为,用重结晶代替柱层析.各中间体和目标化合物结构通过核磁共振、红外光谱以确定.     

5-氯-2-(4-氯-苯氧基)-苯酚的合成

以对二氯苯为起始原料,经过乙酰基化、醚化、过氧乙酸氧化、水解得到5-氯-2-(4-氯-苯氧基)-苯酚,改良后的工艺使终产品收率达32.9%,醚化反应改用氢氧化钾代替碳酸钾与对氯苯酚反应制备亲核试剂,均三甲苯代替二甲苯为溶剂,醚化产物收率达到69.2%。氧化反应使用乙酸酐与过氧化氢(w=0.30)反应制备氧化剂,乙酸为溶剂,氧化反应收率达到72.7%。     

双(2,4,6-三氯苯基)乙二酸酯的绿色合成

以2,4,6-三氯苯酚、乙二酰氯为原料合成化学发光材料双(2,4,6-三氯苯基)乙二酸酯.讨论了以传统溶剂苯作为反应介质改变原料配比或添加催化剂等不同反应条件下的反应情况,并且与不同离子液体作为反应介质的反应情况作对比,结果表明:苯为反应介质时,乙二酰氯稍过量,不加催化剂是最优反应条件,利用最优条件以离子液体为反应介质进行反应,反应时间缩短了一半,比传统反应产率增加了40.8%,且后处理简单,利用回收的离子液体重复反应,产率不减少,实现离子液体重复利用,达到绿色合成之目的.     

6-氨基-4-苯基-2-碳硫双键-1,2-二氢嘧啶-5-甲酰胺的合成条件优化

以氰基乙酰胺、硫脲、苯甲醛为原料,一锅煮法合成6-氨基-4-苯基-2-碳硫双键-1,2-二氢嘧啶-5-甲酰胺,并对反应温度、反应时间、原料的投料比、反应介质以及对收率影响进行考察,产物经核磁进行表征。结果:在催化剂四水乙酸镍催化下,以氰基乙酰胺、硫脲、苯甲醛为原料发生"一锅煮"的3组分反应得到目标物,在氮气保护下并确定反应温度在70℃下回流反应7h,以1.0∶1.2∶1.5mmol投料比在THF中进行反应。本方法简单、产率高,节约时间和环境友好。     

1-（3＇-烷氧基-2＇-羟丙基）氮杂环庚酮-2的合成

本文应用固-液相转移催化法由己内酰胺与1-烷氧基-3-氯-2-丙醇反应合成了3个新的1-（3＇-烷氧基-2＇-羟丙基）氮杂环庚酮-2（1）。以KOH（s）作缚酸剂、PEG-400为相转移催化剂（PTC）,70℃下反应15h,产率为62.5%～66.0%。并着重探讨了环氧氯丙烷与长链脂肪醇在催化剂六硝酸铈铵（CAN）作用下的开环反应。结果表明：该开环反应区域选择性差,产物为两种区域性异构体。同时研究了反应时间、催化剂用量对开环反应的影响。     

4-乙基-1-羟基-2,3-双氧哌嗪的合成研究

通过1-羟基哌嗪合成工艺的研究,确定了4-乙基-1-羟基-2,3-双氧哌嗪的合成路线。用正交试验考察了物料配比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响,得出了最佳的反应条件,产品收率可达74.38%。通过熔点测定、IR和1HNMR分析等手段,对4-乙基-1-羟基-2,3-双氧哌嗪进行了分析。     

2,4-二氯-5-氟苯甲酰乙酸乙酯的合成

研究了以３氯４氟苯胺为起始原料，经桑德迈反应、傅—克反应及缩合反应制备２，４二氯５氟苯甲酰乙酸乙酯的方法．     

2-乙氧羰基-3-甲基-4,5-四亚甲基吡咯的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯(1)为原料,以醋酸为反应介质,通过与亚硝酸钠的肟化反应得到化合物N-羟基亚胺乙酰乙酸乙酯(2),化合物2在缓冲的乙酸溶液中通过锌粉还原、与环己酮(3)加成环化反应生成化合物2-乙氧羰基-3-甲基-4,5-四亚甲基吡咯(4),反应的总收率为38.95%.而采用"一锅煮"合成方法制备化合物4可使反应的总收率达到49.76%.考察了在该反应体系的pH值为3.8～4.0时,其他一些反应条件对目标化合物4合成收率的影响,确定了最佳的反应条件为:锌粉与反应物1的摩尔比为2.9:1,反应温度为95～100 ℃.所合成的化合物的结构用元素分析、IR、1H NMR等测试手段进行了表征.     

用"一锅法"合成取代吲哚衍生物

利用取代苯肼盐酸盐与丙酮酸、1,3-二苯基-1,3-丙二酮反应合成了3种取代吲哚衍生物.采用"一锅法"对酯化反应进行了改进,以盐酸酸化的乙醇作溶剂,苯磺酸催化,一步得到取代的吲哚酸酯.本文对吲哚环化的反应机理、合成条件进行了探讨,发现反应温度不同所得产物也不同.合成产物用IR, 1H NMR和MS进行了分析表征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that