大型炉膛燃烧过程的数值模拟

介绍了一个针对大型炉膛燃烧过程进行数值模拟的完整三维湍流、燃烧和热传递计算模型，该模型洋了气体流动、组分浓度和温度、颗粒轨迹及燃烧、壁面辐射热流。气相的动量、焓和组分的恒方程采用ｋ－ε模型来描述湍流粘性系数，用颗粒随机道法模拟煤粉的运动轨迹，并且考虑了挥发分的燃烧及热解、焦炭燃尽过程。对辐射热传递采用离散传递法。     

大型炉膛燃烧过程的数值模拟

介绍了一个针对大型炉膛燃烧过程进行数值模拟的完整三维湍流、燃烧和热传递计算模型，该模型预示了气体流动、组分浓度和温度、颗粒轨迹及燃烧、壁面辐射热流。气相的动量、烛和组分的守恒方程采用ｋ－ε模型来描述湍流粘性系数，用颗粒随机轨道法模拟煤粉的运动轨迹，并且考虑了挥发分的燃烧及热解、焦炭燃尽过程。对辐射热传递采用离散传递法。     

基于RANS求解的火焰面/反应进度变量湍流燃烧模型研究

通过求解稳态一维拉伸层流扩散火焰面方程,得到混合物分数及反应进度Z-C双标量建表的层流火焰面数据库,并结合混合物分数满足β分布及一阶近似的反应进度变量条件概率密度分布,建立了湍流火焰面平均值数据库.通过将双参数火焰面模型的查表和求解过程与OpenFOAM计算平台相结合,发展了基于RANS方法的双参数湍流燃烧火焰面模型及数值计算求解器ZCFoam.对轴对称湍流射流Sandia D火焰的模拟表明,计算给出的温度分布、主要组分的分布等与实验值吻合较好.     

平展流燃烧湍流场的数值模拟

将旋转离心力的作用引入Ｋ－湍流双方程模型中,在平展流内的强旋有回流区采用轴对称的圆柱坐标,其他区域采用直角坐标的组合坐标系统,有效地解决了对平展流燃烧流场的数值模拟数值模拟结果得出,旋流数愈大愈有利于稳定平展流的形成,而消耗的动力愈大;喇叭口曲率半径的增大亦有利于稳定平展流的形成,但燃烧器烧嘴砖厚度亦增大,提出在设计平展流燃烧器时,旋流强度取１．２～２．０,扩散喷口曲率半径取（０．８～１．５）Ｄ。     

用于模拟湍流射流扩散燃烧的条件矩模型

采用Bilger提出的条件矩模型对CH4－CO2湍流射流扩散燃烧进行了数值 模拟。对于湍流流和混合分数场采用k-ε-f-g模型,对于组分浓度场采用条件矩模型的抛物线型方程。将速度场、温度场和主要组分（CH4和CO2）浓度场的模拟数据与美国Sandia国家实验室的实验数据进行了对照。结果表明条件矩模型能够较好地反映扩散燃烧的火焰结构,是湍流燃烧模型研究的一种值得探讨的有前途的方法。     

钝体尾迹流流动与燃烧特性研究

将正三角形钝体后尾迹流近似地分为回流区、射流主流区、尾流恢复区、充分发展区；用半理论半经验的分析方法对尾迹流动力方程进行了求解；讨论了尾迹流中高温烟气回流、煤粉浓度局部富集及低速高湍流度等流动特性对煤粉提前着火及火焰稳定等燃烧特性的影响。     

烟气再循环对蓄热式平焰燃气炉内燃烧特性的影响

平焰燃烧与蓄热式燃烧技术一起使用时火焰温度较高,热力型氮氧化物生成量较大。采用烟气再循环技术是降低蓄热式燃烧过程中热力型氮氧化物的生成量的有效途径之一。文中采用蓄热式平焰燃气试验炉、综合烟气分析仪、热电偶等设备,对比研究了采用烟气再循环和不采用烟气再循环2种工况下平展流火焰特性、炉顶温度分布和烟气中NO生成特性。结果表明:采用烟气再循环使平展流火焰面暗区变小,燃烧区域扩大,火焰面温度分布更加均匀,烟气中NO浓度明显降低,火焰面峰值温度降低9℃,谷值温度升高37℃,NO浓度最大降幅为20%。     

2.5MW煤粉氧燃烧旋流火焰数值计算

为了准确地数值预报煤粉旋流火焰特征和主要烟气成分,比较扩展的涡耗散模型在多湍流模型下的预测性和影响,针对IFRF(国际火焰研究基地)2.5MW煤粉氧燃烧和空气燃烧实验,利用组分输运方程,结合7步改进的总包反应,对炉内煤粉氧燃烧进行数值计算,并与实验结果和空气燃烧基况对比.结果表明:氧扩散率、发射率和比热容等物性参数修正后,湿循环、氧预混二次流的煤粉氧燃烧扩散火焰温度场与空气燃烧总体一致,火焰稳定且为Ⅱ型火焰结构;EDC模型(涡耗散概念模型)对组分预测更为准确,尤在可实现k-ε模型下的缓慢反应CO生成和IRZ(中心内回流区)高温预测;而FRED模型(有限速率涡耗散模型)在多湍流模型下对炉内温度、组分、火焰结构预测亦较准确.     

AVC预混燃烧流动特性的数值模拟

为探究先进旋涡燃烧室内湍流燃烧流动特性,应用预混燃烧模型,对燃烧室内燃烧及流动过程进行了数值模拟。得到了燃烧室内温度场及流场的分布情况。分析了不同燃气当量比、燃气速度和燃气温度对燃烧室预混燃烧流动的影响规律。结果表明:燃烧室内凹腔及后钝体回流区是主要燃烧区域,主燃区可形成均匀对称的旋涡对;不同工况参数对燃烧室内温度、组分和流场分布有影响。凹腔内温度随进气速度增大而增加,燃烧室内温度和出口径向温度随燃气温度增大而增大,且在不同工况下,凹腔内都能维持较高的点火温度。     

燃烧室燃烧过程中NOx生成的数值模拟

用有限反应速率二阶矩输运方程模型来模拟湍流燃烧中NO的生成．在生成模型中,考虑了“热力”NO及“瞬发”NO的生成,用此二模型对三维湍流燃烧室燃烧过程中NO的生成进行了模拟,并对其结果进行了分析．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with