盐度对碱煮法提取龙须菜琼胶主要质量指标的影响

探究碱煮法提取龙须菜琼胶时,盐度变化对提取龙须菜琼胶的出胶率、灰分含量和硫酸基含量等琼胶主要质量指标的影响,为优化利用海水提取龙须菜琼胶工艺提供依据.在提取琼胶的碱处理条件分别为高温低碱(90℃,8%NaOH)、中温中碱(60℃,12%NaOH)与室温高碱(25℃,20%NaOH)时,测量不同盐度下提取的琼胶样品的主要质量指标.结果显示:盐度变化在各种碱处理条件下对琼胶的出胶率、灰分含量与硫酸基含量均没有显著影响.提示利用海水代替淡水提取龙须菜琼胶的可行性,同时表明在海水提取龙须菜琼胶的工艺设计过程中无须特别关注水中的含盐量.     

竹原纤维碱处理的最佳工艺条件

采用正交试验对竹原纤维进行碱处理,研究碱液浓度、温度和处理时间对其力学性能的影响;同时采用电子显微镜观察碱处理前后竹原纤维纵、横向微观结构．结果表明,碱液温度对竹原纤维强度性能影响较大,碱液浓度对纤维细度和伸长率的影响较大;竹原纤维碱处理最佳工艺条件为：碱液温度20℃,质量浓度7.5g/L ,处理时间90min ,此时纤维强度稍有下降,伸长率和细度不匀率明显改善,提升了竹原纤维可纺性．     

正交设计碱提小米多糖

研究了小米多糖的碱提工艺,考察了碱液浓度、提取温度、液固比、提取时间4个因素对小米多糖收率的影响,并用正交设计进行了4因素3水平优化,得到最优组合.结果表明,影响多糖收率的强弱顺序依次是:液固比＞提取温度＞碱浓度＞提取时间;碱提小米多糖的最佳条件组合为碱浓度0.8 mol/L、提取温度80.0℃、液料比20.0∶1、提取时间1.0h,多糖收率为47.27 mg/g.     

超声波辅助碱提取福建黄花梨皮多糖工艺研究

通过选取福建黄花梨皮为原材料,采用超声波辅助碱提取的方法提取福建黄花梨皮中的多糖,运用苯酚-硫酸法测定其多糖含量。首先通过单因素试验,研究各单因素:超声波提取温度、超声波处理时间、氢氧化钠碱液浓度、料液比对多糖提取率的影响,再利用L_9(3~4)进行正交设计试验。研究结果表明,福建黄花梨皮中多糖提取的最优工艺参数:超声波提取温度为45℃,超声波处理时间为60 min,氢氧化钠浓度0. 2 mol/L,料液比1∶40,在此条件下多糖的提取率可以达到57. 76%。     

细基江蓠原变型与细基江蓠繁枝变型制取琼胶的比较研究

本文采用三种碱处理方法对细基江蓠原变型、混养细基江蓠繁枝变型和单养细基江蓠繁枝变型进行了对比研究。得出“中温浓碱法”为提高三种江蓠琼胶凝胶强度的较好工艺,而“常温浓碱法”的产率较好.“中温浓碱法“三种江蓠琼胶的产率及凝胶强度分别为(次序同上,下同):38.6%、691g/cm~2、13.1%、637g/cm~2,13.9%、557g/cm~2,“常温浓碱法”,三种江蓠琼胶的产率及凝胶强度分别是:47.6%、509g/cm~2,19.5%、414g/cm~2,25.9%,326g/cm~2。     

巴沙鱼皮明胶提取工艺研究

对巴沙鱼皮制备明胶工艺过程中,硫酸质量分数、硫酸处理时间、明胶提取料液比、提取温度、提取时间等因素进行了系统研究,在此基础上通过正交试验确定最佳工艺为1%浓度的硫酸处理12 h,提取时间为4 h,料液比为1∶6,提取温度为50℃.在此工艺条件下,明胶得率为75.15%,明胶粘度为3.66 mPa.s,凝胶强度为234 g.     

江蓠加工过程中成分变化对凝胶强度的影响

在确定最佳工艺条件的基础上，研究了江蓠藻及其琼胶中的蛋白质、矿物质在碱处理过程中及提胶过程中的变化趋势，井分析了蛋白质和主要矿物质成分与凝胶强度的关系。加工过程中江蓠藻中蛋白质和矿物质总的变化趋势是含量大幅度下降，而琼胶中的蛋白质、矿物质含量一般与原料江蓠中蛋白质、矿物质含量无关，而主要与加工精制工艺有关。江蓠原料中的矿物质，如钠、锌、钾、磷等对江蓠的含胶量及其琼胶凝胶强度有显著的影响。     

方格星虫多糖碱法提取工艺研究

【目的】研究碱法提取方格星虫体壁中水溶性方格星虫多糖的条件及优化。【方法】根据料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度、碱液浓度对多糖得率的影响,并通过正交试验得到方格星虫水溶性多糖浸提工艺优选因素组合。【结果】影响方格星虫多糖得率的因素主次顺序为浸提温度料液比浸提时间碱液浓度;最佳浸提条件为温度50℃,料液比1∶6g/mL,时间4h,碱液(NaOH)的质量分数为8%。【结论】最佳浸提工艺条件下多糖浸提提取率最大为1.81%。     

碱处理对亚麻纤维性能的影响

通过改变碱液浓度、浸碱时间和浴比，采用L9（3^3）正交实验对亚麻纤维进行碱处理工艺优化，研究碱处理对亚麻纤维性能的影响．实验结果表明，经碱液处理后，亚麻纤维的主体纤维比例增大，伸长性提高，并产生大量卷曲，但平均长度减小、强度下降．其中碱液浓度是影响亚麻纤维性能的最显著因素．     

蚂蚁蛋白质提取方法的比较研究

以铺道蚁(Tetramorium caespitum)为实验材料,采用正交试验法,对蚂蚁蛋白质的提取条件进行了研究.实验分别采用碱提蛋白法、盐提蛋白法、Tris-HCl缓冲液提蛋白法等3种提取方法.对其主要条件:不同浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间、固液比以及Tris-HCl液的pH值等进行了研究.结果表明,碱提蛋白法的最佳条件为:碱液浓度为1%,固液比为1∶15,浸提时间为60 min,浸提温度为80℃;盐提蛋白法的最佳条件为:盐液浓度为1.5%,固液比为1∶15,浸提时间为60 min,浸提温度为50℃;Tris-HCl缓冲液提蛋白法的最佳条件为:pH值为8.3,固液比为1∶15,浸提时间为90 min,浸提温度为20℃.在这3种方法中,碱提蛋白法的蛋白质得率最高,其次为盐提蛋白法,而Tris-HCl缓冲液提蛋白法最低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.