铝土矿浮选尾矿制取铝硅铁合金时团块性能研究

以选矿拜耳法生产氧化铝过程中形成的铝土矿浮选尾矿为原料、以煤和石油焦为还原剂,以纸浆干粉为黏结剂,通过混合和压制的方式制取可用于还原熔炼的团块状物料.重点检测了团块的抗压强度和比电阻.研究结果表明:由不同种类的煤制备的团块在抗压强度和比电阻上均存在较大差异;随着纸浆干粉含量的增加团块的抗压强度增大,但比电阻迅速减小;还原剂配比发生变化对团块抗压强度和比电阻均没有显著的影响.     

基于田口法的钒钛磁铁矿热压块抗压强度的优化

使用田口法探索了影响钒钛磁铁矿热压块抗压强度的重要因子,并通过信噪比分析计算各因子对抗压强度的贡献率,最终给出钒钛磁铁矿热压块的最佳制备条件.实验结果表明,在热压温度、配碳比、煤粉粒度三个影响因素中,煤粉粒度对抗压强度的影响程度最大,其贡献率达到了79.99%,温度和配碳比二者的贡献率分别为15%和3.63%.优化后钒钛磁铁矿热压块的制备参数为热压温度300℃、煤粉粒度75μm、配碳比1.8.在优化后的参数下进行验证实验,得到的钒钛矿热压块的平均抗压强度达到1 152.1 N.     

Basic properties of steel plant dust and technological properties of direct reduction

Basic physicochemical properties of the dust from Laiwu Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. were studied. It is found that C, Zn, K, Na, etc. exist in the fabric filter dust, off gas (OG) sludge, fine ash in converter, and electrical field dust in sinter. Among these, OG sludge gives the finest particle, more than 90% of which is less than 2.51 μm. The dust can lead to a serious negative influence on the production of sintering and blast furnaces (BF) if it is recycled in sintering. The briquette and reduction experimental results showed that the qualified strength could be obtained in the case of 8wt% molasses or 4wt% QT-10 added as binders. Also, more than 75% of metallization ratio, more than 95% of dezincing ratio, as well as more than 80% of K and Na removal rates were achieved for the briquettes kept at 1250℃ for 15 min during the direct reduction process. SEM observation indicated that the rates of indirect reduction and carbonization became dominating when the briquettes were kept at 1250℃ for 6 min.     

水热处理对褐煤性质及型煤抗压强度的影响

针对褐煤资源难以有效利用的现状,采用水热处理法进行褐煤改质成型实验,分析水热处理对褐煤性质及型煤抗压强度的影响。结果表明,经过水热处理后的褐煤,酚羟基和羧基含量明显降低,饱和烷烃有所增加;随着水热处理温度升高,煤中内在水分、挥发分降低,型煤的抗压强度提高。该研究为褐煤的进一步加工利用奠定了基础。     

高铁铝土矿热压块抗压强度影响因素响应曲面优化

基于响应曲面优化法,采用中心组合设计,系统研究了配煤量、矿粉粒度、煤粉粒度等工艺参数及其交互作用对高铁铝土矿热压块抗压强度的影响,并建立了相关的数学预测模型.研究表明,各工艺参数对高铁铝土矿热压块抗压强度的影响显著,其程度大小依次为配煤量、矿粉粒度、煤粉粒度;所建立的数学模型相关系数为0.958 9,该模型能够预测高铁铝土矿热压块抗压强度随各参数的变化规律;利用该模型对高铁铝土矿热压块的制备工艺进行了参数优化,优化制备工艺参数为:配煤量19.0%,矿粉粒度96μm,煤粉粒度80μm,在此条件下制备的热压块抗压强度为1 024.3 N,与模型预测值1 000 N接近,相差只有2.43%,说明该数学模型能够为高铁铝土矿热压块制备工艺的优化提供参考.     

工艺参数对热压铁焦抗压强度的影响

热压铁焦是一种新型含碳复合炉料,高炉使用铁焦有助于降低热空区温度、减少CO_2排放.研究了工艺参数对热压铁焦抗压强度的影响,并分析其作用机理.研究结果表明,在一定范围内,铁焦抗压强度随着铁矿粉配比增加先增加后降低,在矿粉配比15%时取得较大值3 490.89 N;随着烟煤配比的增加而提高;随着热压温度的提高而提高,在热压温度350℃时取得较大值4 305.50 N;随着炭化温度的提高先降低后提高;随着炭化时间的增加先提高后降低,在炭化时间4 h时取得较大值3 518.80 N.从抗压强度角度考虑,热压铁焦合适的制备工艺参数为10%~15%铁矿粉,60%~70%烟煤,热压温度300~350℃,炭化温度1 000~1 100℃,炭化时间2~4 h.     

Using HyperCoal to prepare metallurgical coal briquettes via hot-pressing

HyperCoal was prepared from low-rank coal via high-temperature solvent extraction with N-methylpyrrolidone as an extraction solvent and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 50 mL/g in a high-temperature and high-pressure reactor. When HyperCoal was used as a binder and pulverized coal was used as the raw material, the compressive strength of the hot-pressed briquettes(each with a diameter of 20 mm and mass of 5 g) under different conditions was studied using a hot-pressing mold and a high-temperature furnace. The compressive strength of the hot-pressed briquettes was substantially improved and reached 436 N when the holding time period was 15 min, the hot-pressing temperature was 673 K, and the HyperCoal content, was 15 wt%. Changes in the carbonaceous structure, as reflected by the intensity ratio between the Raman G-and D-bands(IG/ID), strongly affected the compressive strength of hot-pressed briquettes prepared at different hot-pressing temperatures. Compared with cold-pressed briquettes, hot-pressed briquettes have many advantages, including high compressive strength, low ash content, high moisture resistance, and good thermal stability; thus, we expect that hot-pressed briquettes will have broad application prospects.     

掺复合碱激发剂的矿渣水泥稳定碎石基层路用性能研究

为了克服矿渣水泥稳定碎石基层早期强度不足的问题,选择氢氧化钠与硅酸钠两种碱性激发剂对矿渣水泥的活性进行激发,根据单掺试验结果掺配出一种复合碱激发剂,并研究了该复合碱激发剂对水稳碎石基层无侧限抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗弯拉强度、抗压回弹模量及干缩性能的影响。试验结果表明,掺入氢氧化钠或硅酸钠均能有效激发矿渣水泥的活性,二者的合理掺量分别为6%与4%,按此合理掺量复配而成的复合碱激发剂具有比单掺更优异的效果;该复合碱激发剂较好地提高了基层试块的无侧限抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗弯拉强度、抗压回弹模量,但对干缩性能产生了不利影响。     

复合改性水玻璃固化黄土冻融特性试验研究

在我国季节温差变化较大的西北地区广泛分布着大量的黄土地层,强烈的冻融作用引起土体结构发生破坏,导致路基和边坡失稳;因此探求在冻融环境下新型岩土加固方式具有重大意义。研究了冻融循环条件下复合改性不同波美度水玻璃固化黄土的无侧限抗压强度、质量损失和微观结构等力学特性的变化。探讨了冻融循环对复合改性水玻璃固化黄土工程特性的影响。试验结果表明:复合改性水玻璃与未改性水玻璃固化黄土样的质量损失、强度损失与冻融循环次数存在一定相对值。冻融循环初期,冻融作用对复合改性水玻璃固化样强度有一定的补强作用;随着冻融循环次数的增多,强度随之减小;多次冻融循环后,试样微结构中部分骨架颗粒或晶体出现断裂,微结构出现损伤或破坏,固化样强度降低,甚至丧失。     

Kaolin-based geopolymers with various NaOH concentrations

Kaolin geopolymers were produced by the alkali-activation of kaolin with an activator solution (a mixture of NaOH and sodium silicate solutions). The NaOH solution was prepared at a concentration of 6–14 mol/L and was mixed with the sodium silicate solution at a Na₂SiO₃/NaOH mass ratio of 0.24 to prepare an activator solution. The kaolin-to-activator solution mass ratio used was 0.80. This paper aimed to analyze the effect of NaOH concentration on the compressive strength of kaolin geopolymers at 80℃ for 1, 2, and 3 d. Kaolin geopolymers were stable in water, and strength results showed that the kaolin binder had adequate compressive strength with 12 mol/L of NaOH concentration. When the NaOH concentration increased, the SiO₂/Na₂O decreased. The increased Na₂O content enhanced the dissolution of kaolin as shown in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. However, excess in this content was not beneficial for the strength development of kaolin geopolymers. In addition, there was the formation of more geopolymeric gel in 12 mol/L samples. The XRD pattern of the samples showed a higher amorphous content and a more geopolymer bonding existed as proved by FTIR analysis.     

Microstructure and properties of mullite-based porous ceramics produced from coal fly ash with added Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Using coal fly ash slurry samples supplemented with different amounts of Al₂O₃, we fabricated mullite-based porous ceramics via a dipping-polymer-replica approach, which is a popular method suitable for industrial application. The microstructure, phase composition, and compressive strength of the sintered samples were investigated. Mullite was identified in all of the prepared materials by X-ray diffraction analysis. The microstructure and compressive strength were strongly influenced by the content of Al₂O₃. As the Al/Si mole ratio in the starting materials was increased from 0.84 to 2.40, the amount of amorphous phases in the sintered microstructure decreased and the compressive strength of the sintered samples increased. A further increase in the Al₂O₃ content resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength of the sintered samples. The mullite-based porous ceramic with an Al/Si molar ratio of 2.40 exhibited the highest compressive strength and the greatest shrinkage among the investigated samples prepared using coal fly ash as the main starting material.     

Fabrication and properties of aluminum silicate fibrous materials with <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> synthesized K<Subscript>2</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>6</Subscript>O<Subscript>13</Subscript> whiskers

To improve their mechanical and thermal insulation properties, aluminum silicate fibrous materials with in situ synthesized K₂Ti₆O₁₃ whiskers were prepared by firing a mixture of short aluminum silicate fibers and gel powders obtained from a sol-gel process. During the preparation process, the fiber surface was coated with K₂Ti₆O₁₃ whiskers after the fibers were subjected to a heat treatment carried out at various temperatures. The effects of process parameters on the microstructure, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity were analyzed systematically. The results show that higher treatment temperatures and longer treatment durations promoted the development of K₂Ti₆O₁₃ whiskers on the surface of aluminum silicate fibers; in addition, the intersection structure between whiskers modulated the morphology and volume of the multi-aperture structure among fibers, substantially increasing the fibers' compressive strength and reducing their heat conduction and convective heat transfer at high temperatures.     

程潮铁矿球团配加黏结剂试验研究

对程潮铁矿高压辊磨前后的铁精矿分别添加膨润土、有机黏结剂、复合黏结剂进行造球试验。结果表明,单独添加少量的膨润土或有机黏结剂,其生球爆裂温度指标合格,生球强度指标不合格;采用膨润土质量分数为2.0%、有机黏结剂质量分数为0.05%的复合黏结剂,其生球抗压强度为14.5N/个、生球落下强度为(0.5m)12.1次/个、生球爆裂温度为630℃、成品球抗压强度为3 024N/个,球团质量有较大的提高。     

改性水泥-水玻璃注浆材料防渗性能试验研究

为了使水泥-水玻璃注浆材料在注浆中得到更广泛的应用,通过室内配比试验和扫描电镜分析对5%膨润土掺量下水泥-水玻璃体积比和粉煤灰掺量对水泥-水玻璃(C-S)浆液性质的影响进行研究,并开展现场试验对该改性浆液的防渗性能进行了研究。结果表明:(1)改性C-S双液的凝胶时间有所延长,且凝胶时间随着C-S体积比的增大而缩短、粉煤灰掺量的增大而延长;(2)浆液结石体的抗压强度和抗折强度都随C-S体积比的增大都呈现先增大后减小的趋势并在体积比约为2时达到最大,浆液结石体的抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增大而降低,结石体7 d抗折强度随着粉煤灰掺量的增加先增加后减小,试验条件下,粉煤灰掺量为25%取得最大抗折强度;(3)通过扫描电镜对结石体微观结构分析得出,粉煤灰掺量为25%、C-S体积比为2的配比下水泥的水化反应最充分,粉煤灰的微集料反应发挥最佳;(4)通过现场防渗试验验证了研发浆液材料的防渗性能满足规范要求。改性C-S浆液较好地结合了几种材料的优点,建议采用的材料配比为25%粉煤灰、5%膨润土、70%水泥,C-S体积比为2。     

复合型保水剂的制备与性能研究

【目的】制备高效复合型保水剂,并对保水剂的保水性能进行分析。【方法】以丙烯酸、玉米淀粉、海藻酸钠和钠基膨润土为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用溶液聚合法制备复合型保水剂。以红外光谱、热重和扫描电镜对保水剂进行表征。【结果】加入的海藻酸钠和钠基膨润土降低了生产成本,并使保水剂的性能有所提高。实验表明,以单体丙烯酸质量为基准,引发剂用量为0.20%,交联剂用量为0.025%,海藻酸钠用量为15%,钠基膨润土用量为15%,所得保水剂保水效果最好。【结论】在此条件下合成的复合型保水剂对蒸馏水和生理盐水的吸水倍率为850 g/g和95 g/g,且吸水速率较快,保水性能良好。     

有机结合剂对硬质磁铁矿球团活化及性能的影响

In the ironmaking process, the addition of an organic binder to replace a portion of bentonite has the potential to improve the performance of pellets. The interaction between original bentonite (OB) and organic binder was investigated. Results indicated that the micromorphology of organic composite bentonite (OCB) became porous and the infrared difference spectrum exhibited a curved shape. In addition, the residual burning rates of OB and organic binder were determined to be 82.72% and 2.30%, respectively. Finally, the influence of OCB on the properties of pellets was investigated. The compressive strength of OCB-added green pellets (14.7 N per pellet) was better than that of OB-added pellets (10.3 N per pellet). Moreover, the range of melting temperature of OCB-added green pellets (173°C) was narrower than that of OB-added pellets (198°C). The compressive strength of OCB-added green pellets increased from 2156 to 3156 N per pellet with the increase in roasting temperature from 1200 to 1250°C.     

无机胶凝沙漠绿化砖制备及其性质的研究

采用模压成型方式制备沙漠绿化砖,分析无机胶凝剂用量、固化剂浓度、固化时间3个因素对绿化砖抗压强度、密度和吸水率的影响,从而确定最佳的工艺参数.正交实验结果表明：制备每块绿化砖的最佳的工艺参数为沙子12 kg,无机胶凝剂1 500 mL,固化剂浓度2.5 mol/L,固化时间45 min.但在实际生产过程中,考虑到节约成本和效率问题,固化剂浓度可以降低到1 mol/L、固化时间缩短为5 min.同时证明,添加一定量的膨润土,可以在保证抗压强度不受影响的情况下有效达到节约成本的目的.     

基于热压块的不锈钢粉尘还原实验

为了从不锈钢粉尘中回收利用Fe,Cr和Ni等,对不锈钢粉尘热压块制备及其自还原过程进行了研究.在热压温度为200℃,热压压力为35 MPa条件下,抗压强度达到900 N/个以上.高温条件下,煤热解产生的挥发分可参与不锈钢粉尘还原反应,当还原温度为1 400,1 450℃时,挥发分还原作用率达到0.4.据XRD分析和热力学计算,自还原过程中含铬物质的物相转变顺序为Fe Cr2O4,Cr2O3,Cr7C3,[Cr]Fe-Cr-Ni-C.当还原温度为1 450℃,烟煤中固定碳与粉尘中可去除氧的物质量的比(xc/xo)为0.72时,不锈钢粉尘热压块不能完全还原;当xc/xo大于0.8,还原20 min时,不锈钢粉尘热压块能完全还原.     

硫酸铵和硫酸钠溶液侵蚀下水泥土力学性质试验研究

为研究硫酸铵和硫酸钠溶液侵蚀下水泥土的力学性质,将制备的水泥土试块置于不同浓度的硫酸铵和硫酸钠溶液中进行长期(150 d)浸泡,通过无侧限抗压强度试验,得到无侧限抗压强度随侵蚀溶液浓度和侵蚀时间的变化规律,分析硫酸铵和硫酸钠溶液侵蚀对水泥土力学性质的影响。研究结果表明:硫酸铵和硫酸钠溶液对水泥土均具有侵蚀作用,浓度越大,侵蚀越显著;浸泡时间越久,侵蚀越明显;在侵蚀早期,硫酸钠浓度在一定范围内对水泥土的抗压强度增长有利,在短期内硫酸钠溶液可以提高水泥土试块无侧限抗压强度;在相同SO_4~(2-)浓度下,硫酸铵溶液侵蚀下的水泥土抗压强度要低于硫酸钠溶液侵蚀下的抗压强度,铵盐会对水泥土的力学性质产生影响;硫酸盐对水泥土的侵蚀作用要远大于铵盐对水泥土侵蚀作用。     

激发剂在尾矿固化中的应用研究

以采用工业粉状废物为主要原料配制的无水泥固结剂对细粒铁尾矿膏体进行固化处理,以三乙醇胺、氯化钙、水玻璃为激发剂来提高固结剂的活性,重点研究这3种激发剂在单掺或复掺时对固结体抗压强度的影响。结果表明,激发剂单掺时,水玻璃的激发效果要明显优于三乙醇胺和氯化钙,水玻璃掺量为0.75%时,其激发效果最好,固结体7d抗压强度比不掺激发剂时提高了29%;水玻璃与三乙醇胺复掺时的激发效果最优,当水玻璃掺量为0.75%、三乙醇胺掺量为0.035%时,固结体7d抗压强度达到1.4MPa,比单掺水玻璃时提高了16%。