Hot deformation behavior of a Cr-containing low carbon steel in the ferrite range

A low carbon steel with Cr addition of 0.46wt% combined with trace elements of Mn and Ti was studied. The apparent activation energy of deformation and the hot deformation equation of the steel in the ferritic range were determined by means of single hot compression tests. The hot-rolled strip of 3 mm in thickness rolled in the ferritic range was obtained using a laboratory hot rolling mill. The mechanical properties show that the values of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are 230 and 330 MPa, respectively, and the elongation is 33%. The average r-value is 1.1. Large polygonal ferrite recrystallization grains with about 40 grn in size and the strong { 111 } recrystallization texture can be obtained in the hot-rolled strip.     

Microstructure and strengthening parameters of ultra-thin hot strip of low carbon steel

The microstructure and precipitation mechanism of ultra-thinhot strip produced by CSP technology were analyzed by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), H-800 transmission electron microscope (TEM) and thermodynamics theory. The EBSD results show that the finishing hot rolling microstructures are mixture of recrystallized and deformed austenite. After phase transformation, ferrite grains embody substructures and dislocations that led ultra-thin hot strip high strength and relatively low elongation rate. TEM observations show that there are a lot of fine and dispersive precipitates in microstructures. Most of aluminium nitrides are in grains, while coexisted precipitates of MnS along grain boundaries. Coexisted precipitates compose cation-vacancy type oxides such as Al₂O₃ in the core, while MnS at the fringe of surface. At the same time, reasons for microstructure refinement and strengthening effect were investigated.     

CSP工艺生产硼微合金化SPHD板的组织性能

以CSP流程生产的含B和无B的SPHD冷轧基板为实验材料,运用拉伸实验、金相观察、SEM、TEM和EBSD手段,对比分析了两种钢的力学性能、组织、析出物、位错密度和晶体学取向的变化. 研究表明:微合金元素B的加入明显使SPHD冷轧基板的铁素体晶粒粗大化,钢中有粗大的析出相粒子产生,且位错密度下降,从而引起屈服强度的降低. 采用背电子散射EBSD技术分析了无B和含B钢的晶体学取向,其取向主要为大角度晶界,且无B钢中存在着大量的亚晶.     

冷却速度对La脱氧钢中晶内铁素体形成的影响

采用光学显微镜、带能谱的扫描电子显微镜等分析技术观察了不同冷速下La脱氧钢的显微组织,并绘制了静态连续冷却转变图.实验结果发现,在4~10℃·s-1的冷速范围内,钢中会有大量晶内铁素体形成,其中在8℃·s-1冷却时可以获得大量细小且弥散分布的晶内针状铁素体. La脱氧钢中含La夹杂物与α-Fe相有较低错配度,其中La2 O2 S夹杂物与α-Fe相的晶格错配度最小为0.2%,钢中含La夹杂物均可诱导晶内针状铁素体形核并可促进感生形核,进而细化组织.     

自蔓延离心法制备不锈钢内衬复合钢管的显微结构

用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了自蔓延离心法制备的不锈钢内衬,（Ｃｒ,Ｎｉ分别为１３％～１４％和１４％－１６％）复合钢管不锈钢层的结晶特点和组织结构,研究表明,不锈钢熔体主要以柱状晶形式结晶,柱状晶由奥氏体组成,柱状晶间有一薄层铁素体,铁素体区有ＡｌＮｉ金属间化合物析出相,在奥氏体和铁素体相界的铁素体区一侧有σ相析出。     

钛稀土复合处理对C--Mn钢粗晶热影响区组织及韧性的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机进行焊接热影响区热循环模拟实验,研究了在焊接热输入为65 kJ·cm-1时稀土单独处理和钛稀土复合处理对C-Mn钢粗晶热影响区组织及冲击韧性的影响,并利用扫描电镜观察和分析了实验钢中的夹杂物和冲击断口形貌,利用光镜观察了热循环模拟后实验钢中的微观组织.实验结果表明:稀土单独处理和钛稀土复合处理的试样微观组织分别主要是晶界铁素体+块状铁素体+针状铁素体和晶界铁素体+晶内针状铁素体.经稀土单独处理的试样中夹杂物为La2 O2 S+锰铝硅酸盐+MnS复合夹杂;钛稀土复合处理的试样中的夹杂主要是La2 O2 S+TiOx+锰铝硅酸盐+MnS复合夹杂.钛稀土复合处理钢中的复合夹杂更细小,有利于形成细小的晶内针状铁素体.钛稀土复合处理极大地改善了实验钢的焊接热影响区低温冲击韧性,比稀土单独处理对试样的冲击性能提升效果更好.     

Effect of continuous annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of ferritic rolled interstitial-free steel

In this report, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and textures of warm rolled interstitial-free steel annealed at four different temperatures (730, 760, 790, and 820℃) were studied. The overall structural features of specimens were investigated by optical microscopy, and the textures were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nano-sized precipitates were then observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) on carbon extraction replicas. According to the results, with increased annealing temperatures, the ferrite grains grew; in addition, the sizes of Ti₄C₂S₂ and TiC precipitates also increased. Additionally, the sizes of TiN and TiS precipitates slightly changed. When the annealing temperature increased from 730 to 820℃, the yield strength (YS) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) showed a decreasing trend. Meanwhile, elongation and the strain harden exponent (n value) increased to 49.6% and 0.34, respectively. By comparing textures annealed at different temperatures, the intensity of {111} texture annealed at 820℃ was the largest, while the difference between the intensity of {111}<110> and {111}<112> was the smallest when the annealing temperature was 820℃. Therefore, the plastic strain ratio (r value) annealed at 820℃ was the highest.     

微合金钢中夹杂物诱导晶内铁素体析出行为

通过热力学计算及实验,研究了微合金钢加钛脱氧后钢液中夹杂物的形态、组成、尺寸和类型,分析了加钛前后钢的组织变化.结果表明:加钛后,钢的组织明显细化,钛的脱氧产物可成为TiN夹杂的形核核心,还可以包覆在Al2O3夹杂周围,此类夹杂物呈细小弥散析出;这些细小的夹杂物可以在奥氏体晶粒内部诱发晶内铁素体析出,从而产生细化组织的效果.     

Correlation of morphological anisotropy and Lankford value of deep drawing sheets hot-rolled by compact strip production

Cold-rolled steel sheets in automotive applications require an excellent deep draw ability, which is characterized by the Lankford value (r-value). In this study, a correlation was identified between r-value and pancake-shaped grain flatness which is indicated as the ratio of grain diameter in the rolling direction (RD) and normal direction (ND) of sheets (d_r/d_n). A mathematical model (r=e0.345(d_n-1/2-d_r-1/2)) was developed to calculate r-value by the microstructure of steel sheets hot-rolled by compact strip production (CSP). It is shown that the r-value is higher, if the microstructure of steel sheet is of pancake-shaped grains elongated in the rolling direction. The calculated r-value is confirmed to fit exactly to the measured one from the large-scale production.     

铁素体/珠光体界面对耐酸管线钢氢致开裂敏感性的影响

利用OM、SEM、EBSD、TEM等手段,分别对热轧态和退火态耐酸管线钢的微观组织、晶界分布、位错及析出相进行表征,测试了不同组织管线钢的氢致开裂(HIC)敏感性,计算分析了有效氢扩散系数、氢陷阱密度及其对不同组织的氢捕获效率,重点探讨了铁素体/珠光体(F/P)界面对耐酸管线钢HIC敏感性的影响。结果表明,随着管线钢珠光体含量的增加,F/Fe_3C界面及F/P界面越多,二者作为不可逆氢陷阱会阻碍氢的扩散,提高氢的捕获效率,有效氢扩散系数降低,管线钢的HIC敏感性提高;F/P界面附近位错的聚集会加速氢原子向高界面能的F/P界面聚集,使氢致裂纹起始于F/P界面处,并沿着F/P界面扩展。     

Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure in 16Mn steel treated by cerium

The change of inclusions and microstructure of 16Mn steel treated by Ce were observed, and the effect of austenitizing temperature on the microstructure was also examined. The results show that the inclusions are transformed from Si-Mn-Al composite oxide and MnS into AlCeO₃, Ce₂O₂S, and MnS composite inclusions after being treated by Ce. Plenty of intragranular ferrites are formed in 16Mn steel containing ～0.017wt% Ce. A large amount of intragranular acicular ferrites are formed after being austenitized for 20 min at 1473 K. The prior austenite grain size fit for the formation of intragranular acicular ferrites is about 120 μm.     

定向凝固Fe—6.5%Si合金室温三点弯曲过程中的滑移

分析了定向凝固Fe-6.5％Si合金室温三点弯曲试样中的滑移带,采用EBSD方法测定了晶界位向差和晶粒取向.结果表明,在横向试样近下表面两个位向差为29.3°的晶粒中,滑移带在{001}面上分别与〈010〉方向成25°和60.7°.经分析,这两组滑移带都不属于{110}〈111〉滑移系,而可能属于{112}〈111〉或{123}〈111〉滑移系.     

形变量和冷却速度对低碳微合金管线钢晶粒细化的影响

以管线钢X52为研究对象,在Gleeble1500热模拟机上,主要进行了在奥氏体未再结晶区不同形变量和冷却速度对X52的相变行为及显微组织影响的研究·通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析技术可以发现,随形变量和冷却速度的增加,晶粒明显变细·实验结果表明,在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制可以大大地增加铁素体的形核位置,使晶粒细化;同时冷却速度的增大,使铁素体的形核驱动力加大,形核率增加,也使晶粒明显细化·另外,与低碳钢不同的是,在铁素体晶粒边界和铁素体晶粒内部可以观察到有第二相的析出,在奥氏体未再结晶区轧制时,第二相的析出可以抑制再结晶,并且,析出物的存在不仅阻碍位错的运...     

冷速对钒微合金化钢形变诱导相变组织的影响

通过热模拟实验考察了在连续冷却条件下,不同的冷却速度对钒微合金化钢的形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)组织演变的影响规律.结果表明,大变形后的冷却速度越大,实验用钢的铁素体晶粒越细小;在相同的冷却速度下,钢中的钒含量越多,铁素体晶粒越细小.在较低的冷却速度下,钢中的钒含量越多,钒的碳氮化物析出越多;当冷却速度较大时,钒微合金化实验用钢中没有钒的碳氮化物析出.     

双辊薄带连铸1.2%Si无取向电工钢组织和析出物

研究了双辊薄带连铸条件下,1.2%Si无取向电工钢初始组织和析出物形貌及分布规律.结果表明,在1 550℃浇注条件下,铸带经过空冷后以粗大的原始铸态铁素体组织为主,也有一部分相变产生的细小晶粒,晶粒尺寸范围为50~400μm.铸带中析出物为AlN和MnS,其中AlN析出分为高温析出和相变析出两种,高温析出AlN尺寸在0.5μm左右,相变析出AlN尺寸则在100 nm左右,二者对再结晶组织影响不大.MnS在铸带成型和成品退火过程中都有析出,尺寸范围为30~40nm.     

原位观察TiN粒子对低合金高强度钢模拟焊接热影响区粗晶区晶粒细化作用

采用高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察和电子背散射衍射技术研究TiN粒子在低合金高强度钢模拟大线能量焊接热循环过程中晶粒细化效果。研究发现合理的Ti和N含量能形成大量细小弥散分布的纳米级TiN粒子,在焊接热循环过程中有效钉扎热影响区粗晶区奥氏体晶界,抑制晶粒粗化。同时,TiN附着在Al2 O3表面析出,在冷却过程中有效促进针状铁素体形核,得到有效晶粒尺寸非常细小的由少量针状铁素体和大量贝氏体构成的复合组织。     

Structural and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 films deposited by low sputtering power

To validate the correctness of the Hartman-Perdok Theory (HPT), which indicates that the {111} planes have the lowest surface energy in spinel ferrites, the {111} plane orientated ZnFe₂O₄ thin films on Si(100), Si(111), and SiO₂(500 nm)/Si(111) substrates were obtained through a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method with a low sputtering power of 80 W. All of the experiments prove that the atom energy determined by sputtering power plays an important role in the orientated growth of the ZnFe₂O₄ thin films, and it matches well with HPT. The ZnFe₂O₄ thin films exhibit ferromagnetism with a magnetization of 84.25 kJ/mol at room temperature, which is different from the bulk counterpart (antiferromagnetic as usual). The ZnFe₂O₄ thin films can be used as high-quality oriented inducing buffer layers for other spinel (Ni, Mn)Zn ferrite thin films and may have high potential in magnetic thin films-based devices.     

Precipitation behaviors of X80 acicular ferrite pipeline steel

The precipitation behaviors of X80 acicular ferrite pipeline steel were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that dendritic precipitates in the as-cast steel slabs precipitate mainly in grain boundaries, and these dendritic precipitates dissolve and re-precipitate to two kinds of carbonitrides: Ti- and Nb-rich (Ti, Nb)(C, N) carbonitrides during reheating. Four types of precipitates mainly exist in the hot rolled plate: Ti-rich carbonitrides resulted from the dendritic carbonitrides undissolved during the reheating process; Ti-rich carbonitrides re-precipitated along austenite grain boundaries during the reheating process; NbC carbides mainly heterogeneously nucleated on the small pre-existing Nb-rich carbonitrides in the hot rolling process; and NbC carbides precipitated on dislocations during hot rolling.     

退火温度对含磷高强IF钢FeTiP析出行为的影响

通过模拟罩式退火过程,研究了含磷高强IF钢中FeTiP粒子在退火过程中的析出行为,利用透射电镜选区衍射并结合能谱分析,确定了FeTiP的晶体结构.结果表明:650℃退火试样中只含有少量FeTiP,随着退火温度的升高,FeTiP数量明显增加,其大量分布于晶内及晶界处,且晶界处析出物尺寸明显大于晶内析出物.当退火温度升高到800℃时,FeTiP完全溶解,因此在整个基体无法检测到FeTiP.FeTiP的溶解消除了其对再结晶的阻碍作用,最终获得高强度{111}取向再结晶组织,从而提高高强IF钢成形的性能.FeTiP具有斜方晶体结构,且析出物中Nb元素的存在(含Nb原子可表达为Fe(Ti,Nb)P)不会引起晶体结构的改变.     

Nb--Ti微合金化热冲压成形用钢的微观组织与力学性能

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对Nb-Ti微合金化热成形钢的微观组织进行观察,采用Kahn撕裂试验对其韧性和撕裂性能进行了研究,并利用Thermo-Calc热力学软件对其析出行为和析出粒子成分进行分析计算.结果表明,含碳质量分数0.13%的热成形钢在Nb-Ti微合金化后的组织为马氏体,和传统热成形钢(22MnB5)相比其奥氏体晶粒、板条块和板条束都得到细化,并且其抗拉强度达到1500 MPa以上,撕裂强度和单位面积裂纹扩展能分别达到1878 MPa、436 kN·m-1.在950℃奥氏体化时,Nb-Ti合金元素几乎全部以析出粒子形式存在,能有效阻止奥氏体晶粒长大.另外在基体中主要存在两种析出物,一种是尺寸在100~200 nm的Ti(C,N);另一种是纳米级别的钛铌复合碳氮化物,能有效强化基体,提高强度.