高质量的0.6 kb/s声码器算法

为满足语音信息存贮和交流对极低速率下语音压缩编码的需求,提出了一种0.6 kb/s声码器算法.此算法基于线性预测正弦激励模型,在极低码率下获得高质量的合成语音,提出清浊音定位和量化方法,应用了多帧参数联合矢量量化技术,以及多带正弦混合激励、谱增强等技术.主观听觉测试显示,在0.6 kb/s的速率下,此声码器合成语音不仅具有高可懂度而且具有一定的自然度,诊断押韵测试(DRT)的分数为89.5%, 而且在10-2的随机误码的信道条件下仍然具有很好的可懂度.实验表明 利用帧间参数相关性及矢量量化的方法可以将编码速率大幅度压低而保持较高清晰度.     

0.8 kb/s高质量声码器算法

随着通信的发展,对极低速率下语音压缩编码算法的需求越来越迫切.为满足极低码率的要求并获得高质量的合成语音,提出了一种高质量的0.8 kb/s 声码器算法.此算法基于传统的线性预测模型,利用多帧联合的超级帧参数分模式联合矢量量化技术,以及多带混合激励,子带清浊音参数相关预测,自适应谱增强,脉冲扩散后滤波等技术.主观听觉测试显示,此声码器在0.8 kb/s的速率下其合成语音不仅具有高可懂度而且具有一定的自然度,诊断押韵测试(DRT)的分数为85%,而且此声码器在10-2的随机误码的信道条件下仍然具有很好的可懂度.     

预测自适应Gauss混合模型线谱频率量化

为了实现高质量低速率语音编码,提出了高效线性预测Gauss混合模型(Gaussianmixturemodel,GMM)线谱频率参数量化算法(LP-GMM-LSFQA)。线谱频率(linearspectralfrequency,LSF)参数先去均值,经过一阶线性预测,得到残差信号,将残差用协方差矩阵为对角阵GMM量化算法进行量化。在此基础上,利用反量化后参数自适应更新GMM的加权系数和均值,进一步提出了预测自适应GMM-LSF量化算法(LP-AGMM-LSFQA)。实验表明LP-GMM-LSFQA在20b/帧时量化性能超过预测分裂矢量量化22b/帧时的量化性能,节约2b/帧;LP-AGMM-LSFQA量化性能优于LP-GMM-LSFQA。     

预测自适应Gauss混合模型线谱频率的量化

为了实现高质量低速率的语音编码,提出了高效线性预测Gauss混合模型(Gaussian mixture model,GMM)线谱频率参数量化算法(LP-GMM-LSFQA)。线谱频率(linear spectral frequency,LSF)参数先去均值,经过一阶线性预测,得到残差信号,将残差用协方差矩阵为对角阵GMM量化算法进行量化。在此基础上,利用反量化后参数自适应更新GMM的加权系数和均值,进一步提出了预测自适应GMM-LSF量化算法(LP-AGMM-LSFQA)。实验表明:LP-GMM-LSFQA在20 b/帧时量化性能超过预测分裂矢量量化22 b/帧时的量化性能,节约2b/帧;LP-AGMM-LSFQA量化性能优于LP-GMM-LSFQA。     

带有帧间级间预测的线谱频率参数多级矢量量化技术

为在极低速率下实现高质量的语音编码,提出一种高效的带有帧间及级间预测的线谱频率参数多级码本矢量量化(IFP-MSVQ-ISP)算法。算法利用多级矢量量化中上一级码本的选定码矢对残差矢量进行预测,对去除预测分量的残差矢量再进行下一级矢量量化。测试结果表明,这种带有多级码本级间预测的算法与无级间预测的算法相比,能够有效降低线谱频率参数的量化误差,使谱失真降低0.1dB以上,合成语音客观MOS提高0.02以上。该算法的实现对极低速率下语音压缩编码算法的研究具有极其重要的意义。     

带有帧间级间预测的线谱频率参数多级矢量量化

为在极低速率下实现高质量的语音编码,提出一种高效的带有帧间及级间预测的线谱频率参数多级码本矢量量化(IFP-MSVQ-ISP)算法。算法利用多级矢量量化中上一级码本的选定码矢对残差矢量进行预测,对去除预测分量的残差矢量再进行下一级矢量量化。测试结果表明,这种带有多级码本级间预测的算法与无级间预测的算法相比,能够有效降低线谱频率参数的量化误差,使谱失真降低0.1 dB以上,合成语音客观MOS提高0.02以上。该算法的实现对极低速率下语音压缩编码算法的研究具有重要的参考价值。     

低速率语音编码中LSF系数的加权轨迹模型

为了提高LSF系数轨迹模型对高能量语音段LSF参数的拟合精度,提出了一种新的LSF系数轨迹模型.该模型以超级帧参数的轨迹压缩为基本框架,引入了基于超级帧中各子帧重要性的时间加权策略.通过最小化时间加权均方误差的方法得到感知增强的LSF系数轨迹曲线,然后对由该曲线均匀采样得到的增强特征矢量进行量化编码.主观测试表明,采用新算法的合成语音MOS得分比原算法提高0.02以上,新算法有效提高了LSF系数轨迹模型对感知重要帧的表示精度.     

基于非负矩阵分解的1kbit/s波形内插语音编码算法

为了进一步降低编码速率,提出了一种基于非负矩阵分解的1kbit/s波形内插语音编码算法.该算法对特征波表面的幅度矩阵进行非负矩阵分解,以获得局部特征矩阵,并对该局部特征矩阵进行约束和改进,使优化后局部特征更加突出.对应的基矢量进一步稀疏,从而有利于对权矢量的量化,以实现对特征波表面的高效编码.该算法同时加入清浊音标志,对特征波表面的相位谱进行估计,以更好地提高合成语音质量.实验表明,该算法能够在1kbit/s的低编码速率条件下,获得与1.2kbit/s混合激励线性预测语音编码算法相近的合成语音质量,取得了较好的效果.     

基于线谱对高效矢量量化的0.6kb/s语音编码算法

为了提高通信系统的抗干扰和抗攻击能力,尽可能降低语音编码速率.提出了一种O.6 kb/s语音编码算法.算法基于3帧联合,对多帧联合参数采用高效矢量量化,在降低语音编码速率的条件下保证语音编码质量.其中,对线谱对参数采用预测多模式多级矢量量化码本结构.在码本设计过程中,提出了多模式渐进闭环设计,对各类码本联合优化,并联合优化预测器和量化器,可以有效提高线谱对参数量化质量.在译码方,采用多带混和谐波激励提高合成语音清晰度.测试结果表明,该语音编码算法合成语音PESQ(perceptualevaluation of speech quality)得分可以达到2.7,汉语诊断押韵测试DRT(diagnostic rhyme test)得分可以达到89.7.     

一种甚低码率声码器的设计

在混合激励线性预测 (mixed excitation linear prediction, MELP) 模型的基础上,以超帧为单位,采用多帧联合编码技术,分模式对子帧的语音特征参数进行联合量化,实现了一种码率为600 bit/s的声码器。为了进一步减小量化误差,设计出了一种基于高斯混合模型的预测分类分裂矢量量化器(predictive switched split vector quantization based on Gauss mixture model, GMM-PSSVQ),该量化器对超帧中某些子帧的线谱频率进行量化,并利用帧间预测和线性插值等方法提高编码效率。采用谱失真对设计的矢量量化器进行性能评估,并分别与多级矢量量化和预测分裂矢量量化算法进行性能比较;通过客观感知语音质量评估和主观判断韵字测试对实现的声码器进行性能测试。测试结果表明,设计的矢量量化器平均谱失真最低,实现的声码器合成语音具有较高的清晰度和可懂度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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