关于难溶电解质溶解平衡的若干问题

应用热力学常数计算了一些重要难溶电解质的标准溶度积常数。指出了溶度积常数使用中应注意的某些问题。同时讨论难溶电解质溶解一沉淀平衡中的热力学和电化学等方面的某些问题。     

复杂配位平衡处理程序（CCCS）的开发

以VB为工具开发了复杂配位平衡处理程序．该程序提供了配位-氧化还原平衡计算、配位-沉淀溶解平衡计算、配位反应方向判断和配位平衡中配离子浓度、副反应系数计算，以及配合物稳定常数、标准电极电势、溶度积和酸常数查询等功能．程序中还设计了ActiveX自动化功能调用MATLAB绘制图形的功能，可以利用MATLAB绘制相关图形．     

锌与羟基的配位作用及晶状氢氧化锌的溶度积

为对文献[1]报道的ε-Zn（OH）2的溶度积值作更准确的测定,用溶解度法研究了Zn2+与羟基的配位作用,在25℃下测定了ε-Zn（OH）2在不同浓度氢氧化钠溶液中的溶解度（μ=2）.在所研究体系中揭示出存在Zn（OH）+,Zn（OH）20,Zn（OH）3-和Zn（OH）42-配离子.用图解法和松驰法计算出相应配离子的稳定常数相一致,结果为:β1=8.1×104,β2=6.3×1011,β3=3.9×1014,β4=1.2×1018.同时求出了更为准确的ε-Zn（OH）2的溶度积Ksp=10×10-17.     

沉淀溶解平衡中分步沉淀的教学探讨

从溶度积规则判断沉淀的生成与溶解情况、混合离子沉淀顺序、影响分步沉淀的因素以及分步沉淀的应用等方面进行分析,同时对各部分内容的实际应用及教学方法进行了探讨.     

分光光度法测定PbI2的溶度积常数

实验采用分光光度法测定PbI2的溶度积,原理是用NaNO2将PbI2饱和溶液中的I-氧化成I2,测定其吸光度,并在标准曲线上查找出对应的I-浓度.计算出PbI2的溶度积常数为Ksp=1.37×10-8,与文献值相比误差较小.从而确定该方法在无机化学实验教学中的可行性.     

金属—邻菲罗啉—四苯硼酸根三元离子缔合配合物的沉淀性质研究

本文研究了Fe(Ⅲ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Ag(Ⅰ)的邻菲罗啉配离子与四苯硼酸根生成三元离子缔合配合物沉淀的pH条件,实验验证了金属—邻菲罗啉配离子与四苯硼酸根的缔合比。用系数比率法测定了Fe(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ag(Ⅰ)的邻菲罗啉—四苯硼酸根三元配合物沉淀的溶度积Ksp,并对有关缔合性质进行了探讨。     

荧光探针法测定碘化铅溶度积常数

以对二甲氨基苯甲醛缩氨基硫脲(DMABTS)和Hg2+的配合物DMABTS-Hg(Ⅱ)作为I-荧光探针,测量了PbI2饱和溶液中Ⅰ-浓度,再根据Ⅰ-和Pb2+浓度的化学计量关系计算出饱和溶液中P2+浓度,进而计算出PbI2溶度积常数为Ksp=2.25×10-8,与文献值相比误差较小.     

MgCO3净化含铬废水的溶液化学

中和沉淀Cr3 的 pH范围较窄 (6 .3～ 9.5 )决定了采用NaOH或CaO时投药量必须严格控制 .MgCO3 在溶液中的少量溶解导致体系具备pH缓冲性质 ,且该缓冲 pH值 (pH =8.4)能够满足中和沉淀Cr3 的条件 ;Cr3 在MgCO3 表面生成Cr(OH) 3 沉淀的界面溶度积 (KSSP=10 -3 3 .50 )小于在溶液中的溶度积 (KSP=10 -3 0 .2 7) ,Cr3 在界面区域比在溶液中更易形成氢氧化物沉淀 ;表面沉淀生成之后 ,MgCO3 表现出类似Cr(OH) 3 的动电行为 .采用含MgCO3 矿物菱镁石为净化剂 ,在较低用量下能够净化极高浓度含铬废水 ,不仅净化效果好而且具有沉降速度快、污泥体积小等优点 .     

硫化物矿物溶解度与溶液pH值的关系

硫化物作为自然界常见的一大类矿物,由于溶解度很小,硫化物对水pH值的影响以及水对它的溶解度影响往往被人们所忽视,通过计算常见硫化物矿物的自由能△G♂、溶度积Ksp和溶解度S、绘制logS-pH曲线,得出硫化物太物在不同ipH值条件下的溶解规律,水溶液的pH值受硫化物矿物的控制,反过来,水溶液的pH值也影响着矿物溶解度的大小,此外,对硫化物矿物饱和溶液的缓冲范围;反过来,水溶液的pH值也影响着矿物溶解度的大小,此外,对硫化物矿物饱和溶液的缓冲范围、缓冲容量和硫化物与溶液pH值相互作用的机理进行了探讨。     

溶解与沉淀平衡的探讨

对于沉淀的溶解和平衡,在化学中是一个难以理解和掌握的问题．一般认为沉淀就不能溶解了,能够溶解的就不叫沉淀。本文从沉淀物的溶解与沉淀的平衡和转化论述这个问题,以说明溶解与沉淀在一定条件下是可以相互转化的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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