金属材料退火孪晶控制及应用

基于退火孪晶的晶界工程是研究与实践材料显微组织的过程,退火孪晶是具有低层错能面心立方金属经形变再结晶退火后常见的组织形态。本文首先简单介绍金属材料退火孪晶的基本概念,并分析介绍退火孪晶的形成机制,然后详细介绍金属材料退火孪晶控制的主要方法,并分析退火孪晶在金属材料中应用,最后进行全文总结分析。     

Fe-28Mn-3Si-3Al TWIP钢变形的微观组织特征

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和电子背散射衍射技术对TWIP钢拉伸变形后的组织进行了观察和分析. 研究结果表明,热处理后的TWIP钢中存在60%的退火孪晶,变形后孪晶量减少为32%. 在拉伸过程中,具有退火孪晶的晶粒内部首先发生变形,产生的变形孪晶遗传了退火孪晶的取向. 变形过程中孪晶和位错相互作用、孪晶和孪晶相互作用以及孪晶取向改变引发滑移的综合结果使TWIP钢同时获得高塑性和高强度,因此变形过程中孪生变形是TWIP钢的主要变形机制.     

汽车用TWIP钢的力学性能与微观组织

采用热轧、冷轧及退火处理等工艺,对成分为25Mn-3Si-3Al的TWIP钢进行了试制,研究了钢板的力学性能、微观组织及其断裂机制,并采用X射线测定了钢板的晶体学织构.实验结果表明:钢板拉伸时发生典型的延性断裂;拉伸前的组织为伴有大量退火孪晶的奥氏体;在拉伸过程中退火孪晶转变成形变孪晶,使产品的强度和塑性提高;退火过程中形成的织构组分有利于塑性变形.     

淬火工艺对铬结构钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了淬火工艺对低和中碳铬钢的显微组织、冲击韧性和断裂机制的影响．结果表明，提高淬火温度，使中碳钢所获得的、带方向性的纤维状马氏体和呈等边三角形出现的马氏体都是孪晶型的片状马氏体．低碳淬火钢中有相当数量的板条马氏体中也都带有孪晶．并证实，具有细小奥氏体晶粒的细片马氏体或隐针马氏体的冲击韧性值高于粗大的低碳板条马氏体．因此，无论是低碳，还是中碳和高碳钢，当奥氏体晶粒长大倾向稍大时，采取提高加热温度进行淬火的工艺是不可取的     

退火温度对25Mn-3Si-3Al-TWIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同退火温度对25Mn-3Si-3Al-TWIP钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明经1000℃退火后,此钢种可达到640MPa左右的抗拉强度和255MPa左右的屈服强度以及82%以上的延伸率,具有较好的综合力学性能.其室温组织为单相奥氏体基体的退火孪晶,通过TEM观察内部为大量的层错和孪晶共存结构.在随后的拉伸变形过程中产生大量形变孪晶,发生了TWIP效应——孪晶诱发塑性效应,使钢板具有优良的力学性能.     

含中心微裂纹α-Fe拉伸与疲劳失效机理的原子模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了含(010)[101]型中心裂纹的金属α-Fe在拉伸载荷和疲劳载荷作用下裂纹扩展的微观机制。研究表明,含有此类裂纹的体心立方金属铁在单轴拉伸载荷下,其破坏机制是一个以裂尖层错和孪晶变形共同存在、伴有裂纹钝化,并最终以孪晶变形为主的过程。疲劳失效是以孪晶形变为主,全位错、不全位错、层错共同作用的破坏机制,同时发现循环加载下[11-1](-121)滑移系中孪晶形变比位错更容易发生,而且孪晶的出现,有利于减缓疲劳裂纹的扩展速度。含裂纹α-Fe变形与失效的过程,是一个位错、层错、孪晶和相变等多种微观机制共同作用的复杂过程。     

变形条件对AZ31镁合金冷压缩过程中孪生的影响

在新三思拉伸试验机CMT-5150上对均匀态AZ31镁合金进行室温压缩试验,研究了在变形量分别为5%、7.5%、10%、12.5%、15%以及变形速率分别为0.5、1、2、4mm/min时压缩变形组织中孪晶的形态与分布。结果表明:在压缩变形初期,只有少量晶粒内出现孪晶,孪晶较宽;而在压缩变形末期,孪晶几乎分布于所有晶粒中,且出现了细而长的孪晶。孪晶分数随变形程度的增大而上升。随着变形速率的增大,孪晶形态变细,且其密度增大,试样的屈服强度和抗压强度都升高。     

P/A异种钢焊缝中孪晶显微缺陷的研究

TEM观察发现：在P/A异种钢刚性拘束焊接和单道堆焊焊缝中存在不同数量的孪晶显微缺陷，并对其形成原因及与焊接条件的关系进行了研究和讨论。认为：焊缝中的孪晶是由于焊缝金属的线膨胀系数比母材金属大30％～50％，在焊后冷却过程中产生较大的变形而形成的动态再结晶退火孪晶。     

工业纯钛板材冷轧及退火微观组织和织构演变规律

采用先进电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术,深入研究了冷轧工艺变化和道次间退火处理对工业纯钛板材微观组织和织构演变的影响规律。通过对比不同一次冷轧变形量样品经退火和二次冷轧加工后的EBSD取向分布图、取向差角分布图和极图得知,一次冷轧产生的孪晶对退火再结晶晶粒尺寸及晶粒取向（织构）产生重要的影响,进而又影响二次冷轧的变形组织和织构特征,使二次冷轧变形孪晶的生成受到一定程度的抑制,孪晶分数随着轧制变形量的提高呈现先升高后降低的规律,同时会降低二次冷轧组织中{0001}基面织构组分。     

析出强化与孪晶强化在Fe--24 Mn--3 Si--3 Al TWIP钢退火过程中的作用机制

对Fe-24Mn-3Si-3Al TWIP钢在不同退火工艺下进行力学性能测试,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察钢的微观组织形貌.结果表明:随着退火温度和保温时间的变化,TWIP钢的力学性能并不符合常规的单调上升或下降的规律,而在退火温度为800℃、保温10 min和退火温度为900℃、保温20 min时发生波动.退火温度为800℃、保温10min条件下,钢的主要强化机制为析出强化,析出相(Fe,Mn)23C6的增多导致屈服和抗拉强度升高;退火温度为900℃、保温20 min条件下,钢中的析出相并未有明显的变化,而二次孪晶的产生及孪晶相互交割成为抗拉强度增加的主导因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~