土-上盖一体化地铁车站结构耦合作用下振动台试验研究

为研究上盖一体化地铁车站结构的地震响应规律,以轨道交通地上-地下一体化结构体系和单体地铁车站结构体系为研究对象,开展了粉细砂场地振动台试验研究.分别从加速度和应变两方面对地铁车站结构部分进行地震响应研究,并将两种试验结果进行对比.试验结果表明:1)上盖一体化地铁车站结构振动台试验模型土体和结构相同监测点的加速度峰值随着输入地震强度的增加逐渐增大,而加速度放大系数则逐渐减小,测点加速度沿埋深的变化规律与地震动类型有关;2)上盖一体化地铁车站结构的拉应变幅值随着地震强度的增加呈逐渐增大的趋势,模型中柱端部的拉应变幅值最大,侧墙次之,楼板最小;3)上盖一体化地铁车站结构的加速度和应变均小于单体地铁车站结构,其中,加速度变化规律大致相同,应变幅值差异随着地震强度的增加逐渐增大,而差异增幅呈现逐渐减小并收敛的趋势.     

基于双地震动强度指标的桥墩地震易损性模型研究

基于双地震动强度指标,开展典型桥墩的地震易损性模型研究.采用Open Sees软件建立桥墩的有限元分析模型,通过增量动力分析方法计算得到桥墩的地震响应.根据受试者工作特性分析方法对地震动强度指标进行评价,选择出有效性较好的地震动强度指标组合,基于线性组合的方法分别建立双地震动强度指标桥墩易损性模型,并和单地震动强度指标模型进行对比.结果表明:双地震动强度指标的有效性普遍优于单一地震动强度指标;桥墩发生相同损伤状态时,基于双地震动强度指标建立的易损性曲面的中位值小于基于单一地震动强度指标得到的中位值.研究结果可为桥梁结构的后续风险评估及加固决策提供参考.     

城市地铁车站地下结构地震反应

针对地震作用下地铁结构动力学响应的安全问题,基于弹性地基梁理论,利用大型通用有限元计算软件ADINA建立了三层岛式地铁车站结构有限元计算模型,研究地铁的多遇地震与罕遇地震的动力学响应的影响因素,对车站进行了静力分析、谱反应分析以及动力时程分析,总结了地铁结构的地震响应规律.分析结果表明:多遇地震作用下,随着高度的增加地铁车站结构的层间位移随之增大,梁柱连接处的应力较大,楼板跨中节点的应力最小;罕遇地震作用下地铁结构变化有着相似的趋势,但是罕遇地震的位移要远大于多遇地震下的水平位移.     

基于概率密度演化理论的地震概率安全评估

基于概率密度演化理论,通过引入随机地震动模型,可以获得某一场地在一定时期内遭遇不同地震动强度的超越概率,并且有望解决地震易损性分析中如何选择地震动的关键问题.在此基础上,通过调幅随机地震动模型的基底幅值参数,并与地震易损性研究中的增量调幅思想相结合,可以获得工程结构在遭遇不同超越概率的地震作用时,结构性能达到各极限状态的超越概率.这一将地震易损性曲线的地震动强度度量指标赋予概率意义的工作,可以避免以往采用不同地震动强度度量指标时,由于计算方法的不同,生成的地震易损性曲线具有较大不同的缺点.这一工作,进一步与基于性能的地震工程全概率决策框架相结合,可为工程结构的地震概率安全评估提供坚实的理论基础.     

体外预应力混凝土风力发电塔地震易损性分析

以体外预应力混凝土风力发电塔为研究对象,采用纤维梁柱单元,建立了非线性有限元分析模型.基于pushover分析结果定义了4个损伤状态限值.选取20条真实的地震动记录进行增量动力分析,分别以水平位移角和地面加速度峰值作为结构地震需求参数和地震动强度参数,基于对数正态分布假设回归分析建立了概率地震需求模型.形成了体外预应力混凝土风力发电塔的易损性曲线,并对发电塔地震易损性进行评估.结果表明:体外预应力混凝土风力发电塔可满足7度设防区抗震设防要求,而在8度罕遇地震下有一定概率发生严重或完全损伤.     

基于构件的RC连续梁桥地震体系易损性分析

提出了考虑各构件(桥墩、支座、桥台)地震响应相关性的体系易损性计算方法.首先利用均匀设计得到56个结构-地震样本对,得到各构件的地震响应;其次通过Matlab计算得到联合概率地震需求模型(JPSDM),并计算出对应的各构件能力样本;最后借助蒙特卡洛抽样(MCS)得到桥梁结构体系易损性曲线.以一座3跨连续梁桥的非线性Opensees模型为例,结果表明不考虑构件相关性的体系易损性会带来较大误差.     

基于主成分分析与BP神经网络相结合的机床主轴热漂移误差建模

为提高数控机床热误差模型的预测精度,提出了将主成分分析与BP神经网络相结合的主轴热漂移误差的建模和预测方法.使用主成分分析法对多个温度变量进行降维处理或重新组合,将处理后所得较少的主成分变量作为样本输入BP神经网络进行训练而得到主轴热漂移误差模型,并与经过测点优化后以关键点温度作为输入的BP神经网络模型进行对比分析.结果表明：基于主成分分析与BP神经网络相结合的主轴热漂移误差模型的拟合精度较高,残差较小;由于BP神经网络的输入变量较少而使所提出的模型训练速度快、迭代次数少.     

不同类型地震波作用下一体化车站结构地震响应分析

为了研究不同类型地震波作用下一体化地铁车站结构地震响应特性,基于ABAQUS软件建立地铁地下车站-土-地上建筑一体化结构大型三维有限元数值模型,利用典型的近、远场地震动记录,计算分析城市轨道交通枢纽一体化结构在不同地震动类型作用下的地震响应规律.结果表明:土-一体化结构体系与自由场地各阶自振频率较为接近,一体化结构的存在对场地土动力特性的影响较小,从工程的角度看可忽略不计;在土-一体化结构体系基频附近能量分布相对集中的地震波能够对一体化地铁车站结构的地震响应产生显著的影响;一体化地铁车站结构具有明显的空间效应,不同区域之间的地震反应差异明显,应该按照空间问题进行一体化地铁车站结构的抗震计算.研究成果对该类结构的抗震设计与分析具有一定的参考意义.     

钢筋混凝土矮塔斜拉桥地震易损性分析

为研究矮塔斜拉桥地震易损性,文章以一座在建钢筋混凝土矮塔斜拉桥为例,分析其构件与系统易损性;考虑材料参数的变异性,采用神经网络模型和均匀设计法建立支座、过渡墩和主墩的易损性曲线;基于串联系统的失效概率公式,采用Copula函数计算构件之间的联合失效概率,绘制系统易损性曲线,并用一阶界限法验证其可行性。结果表明：支座的抗震性能最差,在地震作用下最容易发生破坏;采用Copula函数计算的系统易损性曲线介于一阶界限法的上界和下界之间,且与一阶界限法的下界更接近。     

酸性土壤环境中多龄期埋地钢管地震易损性分析

在酸性腐蚀土壤环境中,埋地钢管的抗震性能会随着服役龄期的延长而显著降低.为了研究酸性土壤环境中多龄期埋地钢管的抗震性能,对钢材进行人工加速腐蚀试验与拉伸破坏试验,建立了钢材屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量及伸长率与失重率之间的关系;在全面腐蚀模型的基础上,揭示了酸性土壤环境中埋地钢管力学性能与几何尺寸随服役龄期的变化规律,并建立时变本构模型.基于ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了酸性土壤条件中考虑锈蚀钢材几何尺寸及力学性能退化的不同服役龄期有限元模型;采用增量动力分析法及云图法,建立了描述地震动强度与结构地震响应之间关系的概率地震需求模型,结合管道破坏状态的划分和概率意义上极限损伤限值的确定,对埋地钢管进行地震易损性分析,从而建立了考虑锈蚀耐久性能退化的不同服役龄期埋地钢管时变地震解析易损性模型,表征了管道单元损伤指标与地震动强度指标之间的关系,并进一步给出了不同管径多龄期埋地钢管的地震易损性曲线.结果表明:在酸性腐蚀土壤环境中,随着服役龄期的延长,埋地钢管的几何尺寸及力学性能均不断削减,出现不同震害状态的概率呈现不同幅度的升高;在其他条件相同的情况下,随着管径增大,出现不同震害状态的概率有一定程度的降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to