智能制造系统可靠性与风险评估模型

针对智能制造系统的可靠性与风险评估问题,提出一种基于改进失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)的智能制造系统可靠性与风险评估模型。从创新运用组合权重、逼近理想解排序法思想和模糊多准则妥协解排序法的角度对传统FMEA模型进行改进;基于逼近理想解排序法思想得到专家权重,减少了专家团队对失效模式风险因子分析过程中的个体差异;使用模糊层次分析法和熵权法分别计算风险因子的主观和客观权重,减少了风险因子确定的主观性。最后,运用围绕中心点划分(PAM)聚类算法对改进模型得到的结果进行分析,并应用于智能制造系统风险评估中,确定了智能制造系统中各失效模式的重要程度,通过比较分析验证了改进模型的有效性。     

基于层次聚类和人工免疫的无监督结构故障分类算法

目的利用层次聚类与人工免疫模式识别相结合的方法解决无监督结构健康监测中对结构故障识别和分类的问题.方法通过凝聚型层次聚类实现样本数据的分类,通过模仿生物免疫识别和学习机理来训练记忆细胞集合,进而实现对结构故障的识别与分类.结果在benchmark结构模型上的仿真实验测试结果表明在抗原样本数据中采用凝聚型层次聚类和方法能够成功地确定抗原样本数据的模式数目,继而采用人工免疫模式识别算法对实测数据进行模式识别与分类,分类成功率为81%.结论基于层次聚类和人工免疫的无监督结构故障检测与分类算法通过免疫学习和进化产生高质量的记忆细胞,从而有效地识别结构故障模式.     

FCM聚类算法与改进层次聚类算法的结合

模糊c-均值聚类算法(fuzzy C-means 简称FCM)和层次聚类算法是两种非常重要的聚类算法.由于FCM算法对初始聚类中心敏感,并且需要人为确定聚类类别数,这样收敛结果易陷入局部最优解.通过对这两种聚类算法的分析,首先对传统的凝聚层次聚类算法提出了改进,然后用改进的凝聚层次聚类算法得到最佳聚类数和初始聚类中心,最后用FCM算法进行再次聚类,以此得到更好的聚类结果并且减少了执行时间和迭代次数.     

基于失效模式与后果分析扩展模型的外包风险分析

失效模式与后果分析(FMEA)是一种重要的质量管理与可靠性分析工具,然而传统模型在实际运用中存在若干缺陷.利用区间二元混合加权距离(ITHWD)测度对传统FMEA模型进行改进,利用区间二元语义FMEA模型,并以刀具管理业务合同履行模块为例进行失效风险分析.通过传统模型与改进模型结果的比较,发现后者不仅能减少评价信息转换过程中产生的信息失真或损失情况,而且还考虑到了风险因子的主客观权重以及决策者的决策态度,从而提高了最终失效模式优先度排序的准确性、可靠性和灵活性.     

基于失效模式与后果分析改进的投标策略风险分析

针对投标策略的风险分析中缺乏有效量化方法的问题,提出了基于模糊集理论和灰色关联理论的改进FMEA(失效模式与效果分析)方法.结合模糊集理论建立评价失效模式的模糊语言术语集和对应的模糊数,并由FMEA小组对各种失效模式做出评价.利用灰色关联理论计算各种失效模式的关联度,通过排序来确定失效模式的风险顺序.投标策略的风险分析案例说明了该研究具有适用性和有效性.     

凝聚型层次聚类算法的研究

本文在综合分析凝聚型层次聚类算法的优缺点和借鉴前人算法的基础上,提出了一种改进算法。实验证明该算法是一种速度更快、效率更高的算法。     

基于改进失效模式与后果分析的制造执行系统风险分析模型

针对智能制造背景下数字化工厂制造执行系统(MES)的风险管理问题,通过组合权重和灰色关联分析(GRA)模型对失效模式与后果分析(FMEA)模型进行改进,从而构建MES风险分析模型。考虑风险因子的重要性,将主观层次分析法与客观熵权法相结合确定风险因子权重,既保证重要性指标所占权重又减少了评价的主观性和片面性。专家小组对MES中的潜在风险进行识别并采用模糊语言术语集进行评价,然后通过GRA方法计算失效模式的关联度,有效提升了风险排序的精确性。     

一种基于网格的层次聚类算法

传统的凝聚层次聚类算法的时间复杂度为O(n3),由于时间复杂度太高而无法应用到大的数据集.针对这一问题,提出了一种新的基于网格的层次聚类算法,先用基于网格的方法进行一次微聚类,然后再用凝聚的层次聚类算法进行聚类.在进行凝聚的层次聚类时,提出了一种新的簇间距离度量方法,该方法采用簇中权值最高的代表点的最小距离作为簇间的距离.理论分析和实验结果表明,基于网格的层次聚类算法比传统的凝聚层次算法具有更高的效率和正确性.     

核k-凝聚聚类算法

为解决k-means聚类算法和k-凝聚聚类算法对于非凸形状数据聚类正确率低和模糊核聚类算法(FKCM)收敛速度慢的问题,将k-凝聚聚类算法与核函数方法相结合,在高维特征空间构造了新的核聚类算法--核k-凝聚聚类算法,实现了k-凝聚聚类算法的核化.通过Matlab编程进行数值实验,证明了核k-凝聚聚类算法在聚类的准确性、稳定性、健壮性等方面较之k-means聚类算法、k-凝聚聚类算法和FKCM有一定程度的改进.     

基于粒子群优化与模糊聚类的社区发现算法

针对现有基于改进的K-means模糊聚类的社区发现算法(k-means algorithm for community structures detection based on fuzzy clustering,NKFCM)执行效率较差的问题,将粒子群算法与模糊聚类算法相结合提出了基于粒子群优化与模糊聚类的社区发现算法(community detection algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and fuzzy clustering,PFCM).该算法首先进行迭代运算,找出初始聚类核心,利用以云模型为运行条件的粒子群优化算法确定最优聚类核心与最佳社区个数,最后利用模糊聚类算法(fuzzy c-means algorithm,FCM)进行具体的社区划分.理论解析与测试结果表明:该算法发现网络社区的准确性较高,且与NKFCM算法相比,PFCM在处理网络数据时执行效率获得了极大地提升.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.