Nanostructured SnO2 photoanode-based dye-sensitized solar cells

This review focuses on recent developments in the nanostructured SnO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs） applications. Carefully designed and fabricated nanostructured SnO2 films are advantageous for effective improvement in performance of DSSCs. Nano- crystals can offer a large surface area for dye adsorption; nanowires are able to provide a direct transfer pathway for the rapid collection of photogenerated electrons; the mes- oporous, monodisperse beads with a submicrometer-sized diameter ensure a large specific surface area for dye adsorption and simultaneously promote light scattering; the surface modification of SnO2 by other oxides may improve the photovoltage and photocurrent, hence resulting in the higher power conversion efficiency of SnO2-based DSSCs.     

Electrolytes in solid-state dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells

In this paper, the structure and operating principle of the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells (DSSC) are discussed. The electrolytes can be divided into three types: liquid electrolyte, quasi-solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte. Based on the relevant study of our group, we summarized mainly the research progress of the quasi-solid electrolyte and solid electrolyte in solid-state DSSC.     

Alternate redox electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized mesoscopic solar cell(DSC) has been intensively investigated as a promising photovoltaic cell.Redox electrolyte is important to determine the photovoltaic(PV) performance of the DSC devices,which has become the focus of this topic.In this contribution,recent advances in understanding and controlling of various redox couples are reviewed.Specially,we extend our discussion on the trends that enable iodide-free redox couples to be controllable and feasible for applications in the DSC with promising features.     

CuInS2／石墨烯混合物的合成及其在太阳能电池中的应用

在不同的溶剂中通过温和的溶剂热法,成功地合成 CuInS2纳米晶体。这些合成好的 CuInS2粉末被 X光衍射表征后,又作为对电极被组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。通过检测可以发现乙二醇是合成 CuInS2过程中最佳的溶液。这主要表现在用乙二醇合成的 CuInS2作为电池对电极时的转化率可以达到5·49％,这个值要比用其他溶液合成的 CuInS2转化率高。然后,将在乙二醇溶剂中合成的 CuInS2粉末与石墨烯的氧化物混合形成 CuInS2纳米晶体／石墨烯纳米复合材料,这种材料可以提高 CuInS2在染料敏化太阳能电池方面的性能。通过透射电子显微镜法,可以证明 CuInS2生长在石墨烯纳米网中。与传统的铂对电极电池（6·90％）相比,这种纳米复合材料具有相对较好的光电转化率（6·28％）。     

Application of upconversion luminescence in dye-sensitized solar cells

An upconversion luminescence powder TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) is prepared by a hydrothermal method and used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).The TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) powder undergoes upconversion luminescence,converting infrared light which the dye can not absorb into visible light with wavelengths of 510-700 nm which the dye can absorb,increasing the photocurrent of the DSSC.TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) also acts as a p-type dopant,heightening the Fermi level of the oxide film,which increases the photovoltage of the DSSC.The best performance of the DSSC is found when the ratio of TiO2/luminescence powder is 1/3 in the luminescence layer.Under simulated solar irradiation of 100 mW cm-2 (AM 1.5),the DSSC containing TiO2:(Er3+,Yb3+) doping achieves a light-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency of 7.28% compared with 6.41% for the undoped DSSC.     

季铵盐型准固态染料敏化太阳能电池性能研究

对壳聚糖进行季铵化改性,获得了高取代度的壳聚糖季铵盐,赋予了材料良好的导电能力.同时壳聚糖季铵氯盐是一种含有较大阳离子的高分子氯盐,可以减少反离子迁移而降低电池的极化电势.将其用作染料敏化太阳能电池的聚合物电解质时,电池的开路电压为0.62V,短路电流为2.6 mA.电池在1.5 AM的模拟光源照射下具有0.895％的光电转换效率和0.564的填充因子,表明其可以用于染料敏化太阳能电池的制备.通过电化学阻抗谱分析可知该电解质体系的阻抗来自于电解质与电极界面处的电荷迁移电阻,扫描电镜分析也证实了电解质分散性较差,可从增加电解质的溶解性和微粒纳米化来进一步提高电池性能.     

A new improved structure of dye-sensitized solar cells with reflection film

DYE-SENSITIZED NANOCRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELLS (DSSC), RECENTLY DEVELOPED BY MICHAEL GR?TZEL[1], HAVE BEEN ATTRACTING CONSIDERABLE ATTENTIONS BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH EFFICIENCY, SIMPLE FABRICATION PROCESS AND LOW FABRICA- TION COST[2]. TYPICAL DSSC[3] IS BASED ON A SANDWICH STRUCTURE, WHICH CONSISTS OF TWO GLASS PLATES WITH A TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE (TCO) COATING AS SUBSTRATE. O…     

Optimization of polymer electrolytes for quasi-solidstate dye-sensitized solar cells

The dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 thin filmsolar cells (DSSCs) have attracted much attention since1990s[1— , due to their high light to electrical energy 4]conversion efficiency. So far, many studies have beenmade on the use of liquid electrolytes such as acetonitrile,3-methoxypropionitrile and a mixture of ethylene/pro-pylene carbonate (EC/PC) containing I? /I3 redox cou-?ple. A light to electrical energy conversion efficiency of7%— 12% has been obtained for DSSC using liquid e…     

染料敏化太阳能电池中多孔电极制备及性能

将喷涂法应用于制备染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极,具有浆料制备简单、易操作、成本低廉等优势.本文以钛酸丁酯和P25为原料配制浆料,采用喷涂法制备二氧化钛薄膜,选择乙二醇作为造孔剂,探索了乙二醇的最佳加入量.通过对电池I-V曲线,二氧化钛薄膜表面粗糙度、染料吸附量和漫反射谱,以及光阳极的扫描电镜照片和交流阻抗图谱的分析,得到如下结果:当乙二醇与钛酸丁酯的体积比为1∶1时,二氧化钛薄膜的粗糙度最大,即孔隙率和比表面积最大,因此染料吸附量达到1.47×10-7mol·cm-2,电池性能最好,其中开路电压为0.69 V,短路电流为13.0 m A·cm-2,光电转化效率达到5.38%,比不加造孔剂时增加了将近1倍,此时电子的扩散转移电阻也最小.     

A new type quasi-solid state electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted worldwide attention be- cause of their high efficiencies and low cost compared with the conventional silicon solar cells. An impressive conversion efficiency exceeding 10% wa…     

染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极研究进展

综述了染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSC)结构和对电极作用以及近年来染料敏化太阳能电池对电极材料种类及研究进展.重点介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池碳对电极研究进展,包括碳材料性能,碳材料对电极制作工艺和各种性能参数,以及碳对电极与其他材料对电极相比优缺点.最后提出,由于碳对电极导电性能和催化性能良好,光电效率相对较高,且价格低廉,碳材料制备对电极具有广阔发展前景,已成为目前染料敏化太阳能电池重要研究方向.     

TiO_2介孔球的形貌控制及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

本文通过简单溶胶-凝胶和溶剂热后处理反应,以价格低廉、相对环保正己胺作结构向剂合成尺寸分均匀、孔径为18.9nm、比表面积为89.76m2g-1锐钛矿相TiO2介孔球.通过使用不同烷基碳链长度有胺作为结构向剂合成介孔球研究表明：较长烷碳链,有利于形成质量较高的TiO2介孔球;但是,只有当有胺烷碳链长度适中时,能获形貌最佳TiO2介孔球.改变水与钛源摩尔比可实现TiO2介孔球直径在300-1400nm间有效调节.延长反应时间,球表面越来越光滑,直径逐渐增加,最后可达近1400nm.选用正己胺为结构向剂、添加水、反应18h并经溶剂热后处理TiO2介孔球作为染料敏化太能电池光极料,吸附N719染料后敏化太能电池光电转化效率达5.56%,与相同条件下用P25作光极料效率（5.27%）相比提高5.5%,初步显示了TiO2介孔球在太能利用领域中应用潜力.     

High conversion efficiency of pristine TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotube arrays based dye-sensitized solar cells

We prepared highly-ordered titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNAs) by anodizing Ti foils in F-containing electrolytes.The crystalline nature and morphology of the TNAs were studied using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy.We found the morphology of TNAs affects the light-to-electricity conversion efficiency (η) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).The efficiency of DSSCs reached 5.95% under the condition of light illuminated from the counter electrode.The high efficiency of TNA-based DSSCs was attributed to the neat top surface of TNAs,which allows more dye molecule loading on the surface of the TiO 2 nanotubes,and fewer electron recombination centers and a low interface resistance of integrated TNAs.     

Low temperature fabrication of high performance and transparent Pt counter electrodes for use in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

High performance Pt counter electrode is prepared by using vacuum thermal decomposition at a relatively low (120℃) temperature on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate coated with indium-doped tin oxide for use in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells.The obtained Pt counter electrode shows a good chemical stability,high light transmittance,and high electrocatalytic activity for the I3-/I-redox reaction.The energy conversion efficiency of a flexible dye-sensitized solar cell based on the prepared Pt counter electrode and a TiO 2 /Ti photoanode reaches 5.14% under a simulated solar light irradiation with intensity of 100 mW cm-2.     

敏化太阳能电池中石墨对电极制备与性能

纳米材料具有特殊的物理化学性能,发展迅速,具有催化功能的纳米石墨材料更是在电催化领域应用广泛。文中以纳米石墨为原料,采用球磨、匀浆、超声-旋转等方法制备廉价的石墨材料替代铂作为敏化太阳能电池(DSC)的对电极,并将其组装成电池进行光电性能测试,探讨了不同制备方法对纳米石墨形貌与光电性能的影响,实验结果表明:用超声-旋转法制备的石墨材料组装的电池性能最佳,与铂对电极组装的电池相比较,在一个标准太阳光下的光电转换效率达到铂对电极DSC的80.3%.     

Preparation of photoanode and its application to flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

A TiO2 slurry was prepared by hydrothermal treating mixture of commercial TiO2 (P25),ethanol and distilled water in an autoclave.A flexible photoanode and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated on an ITO-coated poly (ethylene naphthalate) sheet (ITO/PEN) substrate by a doctor-blade technique.The sample was characterized with SEM,UV-vis,FTIR,and the photoelectric properties of the DSSC were measured.The influence of preparation conditions on the properties of the flexible DSSC was investigated.It is...     

Preparation of porous nanoparticle TiO_2 films for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

A TiO2 paste was prepared by mixing commercial TiO2 (P25), ethanol, distilled water and a small amount of Ti (IV) tetrai-sopropoxide (TTIP), following by a hydrothermal treatment. Before hydrothermal treatment, a stirring for 48 h can prevent cracking TiO2 films. TTIP significantly promote the chemical connection between TiO2 particles and its adherence to the substrate, the TTIP amount of 6 mol% is suitable. UV irradiation can remove some impurities and water from the TiO2 film with an optimal time of 2 h....     

Preparation of porous nanoparticle TiO2 films for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

A TiO2 paste was prepared by mixing commercial TiO2 (P25), ethanol, distilled water and a small amount of Ti (IV) tetrai-sopropoxide (TTIP), following by a hydrothermal treatment. Before hydrothermal treatment, a stirring for 48 h can prevent cracking TiO2 films. TTIP significantly promote the chemical connection between TiO2 particles and its adherence to the substrate, the TTIP amount of 6 mol% is suitable. UV irradiation can remove some impurities and water from the TiO2 film with an optimal time of 2 h. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photovoltaic tests are charac- terized and measured. Shortcircuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and photoelectric conversion efficiencies for the fabricated flexible dye-sensitized solar cell are 7.20 mA cm-2, 0.769 V, 0.686 and 3.84%, respectively, under irradiation with a simulated solar light of 100 mW cm-2.     

染料敏化太阳能电池过渡金属氮化物对电极研究进展

对电极作为染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs)的核心部分之一,其材料的价格、性能和制备方法直接影响DSSCs的发展和应用.DSSCs常用Pt对电极价格昂贵,因此寻找低成本高性能的催化材料代替Pt对电极是降低DSSCs成本的有效途径之一.过渡金属氮化物的电子结构与Pt相似,具有高的催化活性和耐腐蚀性,价格低廉,使其具有广阔的应用前景.文章综述了利用载体与过渡金属氮化物的协同作用或将过渡金属氮化物制备成独特的纳米结构(纳米管和高度有序的阵列等)来解决过渡金属氮化物易团聚和大规模的物质运输受限制等问题.最后提出,开发双组元或多组元过渡金属氮化物和柔性过渡金属氮化物对电极可以作为未来发展方向.