Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13)非晶合金纳米晶化的低频脉冲磁场处理方法

低频脉冲磁场处理是一种崭新的非热处理型非晶纳米晶化的方法·针对非晶合金Fe78Si9B13进行了低频脉冲磁场处理,用M ssbauer谱仪、透射电子显微镜观察处理后样品的微观结构变化·研究表明,低频脉冲磁场可促进非晶合金Fe78Si9B13发生纳米晶化,在所用脉冲磁场参数下,晶粒尺寸为2～10nm,且试样温升小于20℃·结合脉冲磁场参数对晶化量的影响,初步探讨了脉冲磁场对非晶合金Fe78Si9B13纳米晶化的作用机制·     

球磨法制备Al-V-Fe纳米晶粉末及其Mssbauer效应

采用机械合金化法制备AlVFe纳米粉末,通过测定Mssbauer效应,研究了不同球磨能量对制备AlVFe纳米粉末的影响·结果表明,振动球磨与高能球磨所制备的AlVFe纳米粉末结构均由非晶和αAl纳米晶组成,其非晶含量随着球磨能量的增加而有所不同·     

Al_2O_3/SiC纳米陶瓷复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用一次粒径分别为10nm和15nm的αAl2O3和SiC粉体为原料,制备了Al2O3/SiC纳米陶瓷复合材料·纳米SiC颗粒明显抑制Al2O3基体晶粒的长大,SiC体积分数超过4%时,材料的断裂方式由沿晶断裂变为穿晶断裂·随SiC含量的增加,Al2O3/SiC纳米复合材料的硬度增大·材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性在SiC体积分数为5%时达到最大值·最大三点弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为641MPa和47MPam1/2,明显高于热压单相Al2O3陶瓷(344MPa和31MPam1/2)·复合材料的强化主要来源于内晶颗粒残余应力强化和晶粒细化...     

球磨法制备Al-V-Fe纳米晶粉末及其Mssbauer效应

采用机械合金化法制备Al V Fe纳米粉末 ,通过测定M ssbauer效应 ,研究了不同球磨能量对制备Al V Fe纳米粉末的影响·结果表明 ,振动球磨与高能球磨所制备的Al V Fe纳米粉末结构均由非晶和α Al纳米晶组成 ,其非晶含量随着球磨能量的增加而有所不同·     

铟锡氧化物纳米晶的溶胶凝胶法合成

用溶胶凝胶法以SnCl4·5H2 O和铟为原料 ,制备出了铟锡氧化物 (SnO2 ·In2 O3)的二元氧化物纳米粉末 ,并用差热分析 (DTA)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM)分析了氧化物的相组织和形态 .结果表明 ,所得SnO2 ·In2 O3 为纳米晶 ,主要晶型为四方锡石结构 ,微晶颗粒近似球形 ,粒径为 5～ 2 0nm ,In2 O3 为非晶物质 .     

二氧化钛纳米晶的缺陷性质和光电性能

为研究二氧化钛纳米晶的缺陷性质对其光电性能的影响,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛纳米晶,利用X线衍射和正电子湮没寿命谱对样品的晶相、平均粒径和缺陷性质等进行表征,并以所得二氧化钛纳米晶为基础制备二氧化钛纳米晶薄膜,进一步分析其光电性能.结果表明:在450℃的热处理温度下,可以合成锐钛矿相占主要成分的二氧化钛纳米晶.随着热处理时间从30 min延长至90 min,二氧化钛纳米晶的平均粒径从12.8 nm增大到47.9 nm.随着平均粒径的增大,二氧化钛纳米晶表面缺陷的尺寸变小且浓度降低,同时晶界间的自由体积发生复合.在表面缺陷和平均粒径的双重影响下,二氧化钛纳米晶薄膜的瞬态光电流密度随平均粒径的增大表现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,其中,基于26.5 nm粒径二氧化钛纳米晶制备所得薄膜的瞬态光电流密度最大,其值为0.072 m A/cm2.     

化学沉淀法制备纳米氧化锆的研究

以氧氯化锆 (Zr OCl2 · 8H2 O)和氨水 (NH3· H2 O)为原料 ,采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米级氧化锆微粉 ,考察了反应温度、反应物浓度、溶液 p H值、煅烧温度和时间对产物粒径的影响 ,获得了最佳工艺条件 .通过透射电镜、X射线衍射研究了产品的粒度、形貌和结构 ,所得纳米 Zr O2 分散性良好 ,粒度分布均匀 ,平均粒径约 2 0 nm,粒子形状为球形     

热退火条件下球状纳米硅晶粒成核势垒阈值研究

利用纳秒脉冲激光烧蚀(PLA)技术,在室温、真空环境中沉积制备了非晶Si薄膜,并通过热退火实现了薄膜样品的晶化.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射(XRD)仪和Raman散射(Raman)仪等技术对退火后的样品进行形貌表征和晶态成分分析,确定了非晶Si薄膜晶化的热退火阈值温度以及在该条件下所形成球状纳米Si晶粒的平均直径,结果分别为850℃和15nm.假定纳米Si晶粒为理想球体,结合固相晶化过程中的能量变化,计算得到了晶化形成直径15nm球状晶粒所需要的能量,即成核势垒阈值,量级约为10-11 mJ.     

水热法合成ZnS纳米粉晶及其生长机理探究

采用水热法合成ZnS纳米晶,对其反应动力学进行了研究。利用XRD、TEM等手段对样品进行了表征。在150℃反应时间为10h下,用水热法制备ZnS纳米晶,平均粒径在17nm左右,所得样品为闪锌矿结构,立方晶系,形貌为球形。动力学研究表明,ZnS纳米晶粒径随反应时间呈线性增加,ZnS纳米晶的平均生成活化能为27.44 kJ.mol-1。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛纳米晶及其在染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛纳米晶,采用热重-差热(TG-DSC)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究了保温时间对纳米晶的晶体结构和平均粒径的影响.结果表明:经430℃热处理得到的二氧化钛纳米晶主要表现为锐钛矿结构;随着保温时间从1h延长至3h,纳米晶的平均粒径从13.7nm增大到43.7nm.以所制二氧化钛纳米晶为光阳极材料组装了染料敏化太阳电池,并对其光电性能进行了研究,结果显示:粒径为25.4nm的二氧化钛纳米晶太阳电池表现出最佳的光电转化效率,其值为4.62%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~