“回归本体”的呼唤－评叶世祥《鲁迅小说的开式意义》

鲁迅研究自 80年代以来取得了令人嘱目的成就。一大批优秀成果 ,不仅为我们进一步解读鲁迅提供了丰富的理论资源 ,也为我们认识和了解2 0世纪中国的现代化进程 ,提供了重要参照。在学术界为这些研究成果感到欣慰的时候 ,叶世祥却对 80年代以来的鲁迅研究提出了深刻的质疑。他认为 ,由于受“重内容轻形式”这一思维定势的制约 ,鲁迅研究出现了“本体的迷失”。所谓“本体的迷失” ,在叶世祥看来 ,主要体现在两个方面 :一是“人们对鲁迅小说艺术性的关注极其不够 ,在研究当中 ,无视或者忽视了鲁迅小说之为小说之根本”。[1 ] 叶世祥对新时期鲁…     

鲁迅研究的先驱——许杰

老作家许杰早年就致力于鲁迅研究工作。从三十年代直到如今,孜孜不倦地在鲁迅研究园地勤奋耕耘,写下了弥足珍贵的数十万字的研究专著和纪念文章。半个多世纪以来他在鲁迅研究领域做出了杰出的贡献,是我国从事鲁迅研究工作的先驱。     

“鲁迅”经典意义的嬗变

透过鲁迅经典意义的嬗变,可以探讨它与社会历史语境的互文关系。在1920年代前期,鲁迅作品的经典意义在反封建。＂左联＂时期,一些左翼理论家强调鲁迅思想转变是双方合作的基础,这为双方的争论埋下了伏笔。毛泽东则提出新民主主义文化的概念,使鲁迅与左翼文学获得了同一性,同时也证明了鲁迅的方向就是中华民族新文化的方向。到1980年代初,有学者提出《呐喊》与《彷徨》是中国反封建思想革命的一面镜子,推动了思想解放运动的深入。1990年代以后,中国社会趋于多元化,鲁迅研究影响力下降,但鲁迅的意义是不会消散的。     

“鲁迅”经典意义的嬗变

透过鲁迅经典意义的嬗变,可以探讨它与社会历史语境的互文关系。在1920年代前期,鲁迅作品的经典意义在反封建。"左联"时期,一些左翼理论家强调鲁迅思想转变是双方合作的基础,这为双方的争论埋下了伏笔。毛泽东则提出新民主主义文化的概念,使鲁迅与左翼文学获得了同一性,同时也证明了鲁迅的方向就是中华民族新文化的方向。到1980年代初,有学者提出《呐喊》与《彷徨》是中国反封建思想革命的一面镜子,推动了思想解放运动的深入。1990年代以后,中国社会趋于多元化,鲁迅研究影响力下降,但鲁迅的意义是不会消散的。     

重新回到鲁迅那里去

鲁迅研究的历史表明，鲁迅已成为一种超越学术的思想和文化标志。在不同时代、不同文化语境中，鲁迅都作为重要的思想文化资源而获得新的阐释，显示其新的价值和意义。20世纪90年代以来，政治意识形态的疏离，为客观面对鲁迅提供了更大可能性，而多元的文化语境使鲁迅研究获得了空前开阔的文化视野。对鲁迅多角度、多层面的解读，形成了鲁研界众声喧哗的局面。     

我们的时代不能没有鲁迅

对于我们的时代,鲁迅究竟意味着什么?对于当代中国人,特别是对于当代中国青年究竟应该怎样认识鲁迅的伟大?这并不是一个有现成答案的问题。 一 几十年来,我们已经习惯于把鲁迅目为一位伟大的文学家;在学术界和一般知识界中,认为鲁迅研究是中国现代文学的研究领域的看法相当普遍。前不久,一篇贬损鲁迅的文章提出:“鲁迅首先是文学家,然后才是思想家,政治家、伦理学家。”     

鲁迅研究在东亚文化交流中的资源价值

日本与韩国的鲁迅研究都具有鲜明的民族色彩和时代特征。以鲁迅在本国的影响研究及鲁迅与本国或他国作家的平行研究为重点,在鲁迅及其作品的本体研究上也以新视角开辟了诗学研究、意象研究等新领域,是中国鲁迅研究的有益参照。中、日、韩三国已围绕鲁迅资源形成了较发达的研究体系,有望进一步拓展为东亚鲁迅研究,但社会状况、民族文化的差异和学术上的分歧不容忽视,应以激活鲁迅研究的学科生命力为核心,促成平等多样的东亚文化交流。     

形式意义:鲁迅小说的本体召唤

迄今汗牛充栋的鲁迅小说研究主要集中在政治革命、思想革命、主体意识这几个层面 ,而忽视了　　形式意义层面。只有在研究路向上作出调整 ,走出鲁迅研究的本体迷失 ,才能真正还原鲁迅作为一个杰出小说　　家的地位 ,也才能凸现出鲁迅小说在中国小说现代化进程中无可取代的作用。     

知识分子:宗教与世俗之间

20世纪中国和世界的变化使人们对知识分子的思考和感受表现出复杂的方面 ,而且在东西方历史上也始终贯穿着对知识分子的各种颂扬和批评。造成这种情况的原因是由于在社会的整体中 ,知识阶层处于宗教与世俗这两端之间。知识分子为了维护自己的普遍的价值和理想 ,就要排斥那相反的两端 ,但同时那些对知识分子的批评则也是立足于两端的立场上。此外 ,知识分子与这两端也不是绝对对立的 ,而是处于密切的联系、过渡和变化之中     

全球化时代的文化政治:20世纪90年代与当下中国——张旭东教授访谈

朱羽(以下简称朱):张老师,一直以来,您的研究可以说有两条线索,一是所谓"西学",比如解读本雅明、黑格尔的作品,特别是《全球化时代的文化认同——西方普遍主义话语的历史批判》一书专门处理西方现代政治哲学文献,在国内引起很大反响.另一方面,您的"中国研究"也很有特色,尤其是《改革时代的中国现代主义》和《全球化时代的文化政治——90年代中国与20世纪的终结》两书分别聚焦20世纪80年代与90年代,构成一个宏大且极富启发性的研究序列.如今学术界关于"90年代"的终结或"短暂的90年代"已经有了不少讨论,也许站在今天的视角上重新审视20世纪90年代,会别有一番意味.我想问您的是:您是以何种问题意识和研究方法切人90年代这一整体性研究的?     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the