对甲苯磺酸/SiO2催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究

用对甲苯磺酸／SiO2催化乙酸与正丁醇酯化反应合成了乙酸正丁酯，对反应条件进行了研究，实验结果表明对甲苯磺酸／SiO2催化剂对乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应有良好的催化活性，反应的最佳条件为：乙酸与正丁醇的摩尔比为1.0:2.0，催化剂的用量的反应物料总质量的2.5%，带水剂环乙烷为10ml，反应时间为2.0h，此时的酯化率可达98.1%，而在同样的条件下，不加催化剂时的酯化率仅为23.7%。     

微波辐射催化合成乙酸正丁酯的研究

研究了用活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂，在一定功率微波的连续辐射下乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应。探索了在微波辐射条件下合适的反应条件。结果表明：该催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性，反应速度明显加快，反应时间仅25min，乙酸的酯化率达到98．1％。     

聚苯乙烯支撑酯的α-磺酰氧基化反应研究

用线型聚苯乙烯负载二醋酸碘与对甲苯磺酸反应制得了聚苯乙烯负载羟基对甲苯磺酰氧基碘；该负载型高碘试剂作用于酯合成了α-对甲苯磺酰氧基酯，在此反应中显示出较好的反应活性，并且可循环使用，对环境友好．     

SO2-4/TiO2-SnO2/ZSM-5催化合成乙酸丁酯

以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化为探针反应，考察了ＳＯ２－４／ＴｉＯ２－ＳｎＯ２／ＺＳＭ－５催化剂的催化性能．实验结果表明：ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上负载钛锡双组元氧化物，比起负载单组元ＴｉＯ２，在相同的负载液浓度下，催化活性提高了１４％，且焙烧温度和Ｔｉ∶Ｓｎ（原子比）对催化活性亦有较大的影响．在回流温度下，催化剂投入量为乙酸加入量的３．２ｗｔ％，反应２ｈ，酯化率达９６．４％．     

钯-铜-稀土催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯交替共聚反应

利用乙酸钯、乙酸钕和对甲苯磺酸铜组成的催化体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚，合成聚1-氧代-2-苯基丙撑（STCO）．用红外光谱、元素分析和X射线光电子能谱对共聚物进行表征、结果表明，产物为一氧化碳和苯乙烯的交替共聚物．同时研究了催化体系的配比、2，2’-联吡啶和对甲苯磺酸铜的用量以及不同的稀土盐和单体对体系催化活性的影响．此外，对催化剂的复配进行了对比实验．实验结果表明，以钯为主催化剂，并加入适量稀土盐与对甲苯磺酸铜，同时优化催化体系各组分的配比，可以有效地提高催化活性，降低STCO的成本．     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯

研究了以冰乙酸和异戊醇为原料，采用对甲苯磺酸作催化荆合成乙酸异戊酯。当异戊醇：冰乙酸：催化剂的摩尔比为1．5：1：0．003，不用带水荆，在132—138℃下回流0．5h，产率可达96．2％。     

以负载型杂多蓝为催化剂合成乙酸丁酯的研究

对以负载型杂多蓝为催化剂的乙酸与正丁醇的液相酯化反应进行了研究。考察了影响酯化反应的因素。结果表明：以负载型杂多蓝为催化剂,酯化反应转化率接近１００％,收率可达９８．９％,选择性为９８．９％,重复使用１０次催化效果仍好,该催化剂还有反应条件温和、反应时间短、对设备无腐蚀、无三废排放等优点。     

SO4^2—／TiO2／SnO2／ZSM—5催化合成乙酸丁酯

以乙酸和正丁醇的酯化为探针反应,考察了ＳＯ４＾２－ＴｉＯ２－ＳｎＯ２／ＺＳＭ－５催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明：ＺＳＭ－５分子筛上负载钛锡双组元氧化物,比起负载单组元ＴｉＯ２,在相同的负载液浓度下,催化活性提高了１４％,且焙烧温度和Ｔｉ：Ｓｎ（原子比）对催化活性亦有较大的影响。在回流温度下,催化剂投入量为乙酸加入量的３．２ｗｔ％,反应２ｈ,酯化率达９６．４％。     

固体超强酸—阳离子树脂负载Al2Cl3催化合成乙酸乙酯

制备了固体超强酸－阳离子树脂负载ＡｌＣｌ３催化剂。探讨了催化乙酸与乙醇脂化反应的最佳工艺条件；催化剂乙本能和量为２８ｇ／ｍｏｌ，酸醇摩尔比为１：１．２￣１：１．５，反应温度７８℃，反应时间５．０ｈ，催化剂与反应物易分离和再生，连续催化活性基本保持不变。     

用SO_4(2-)/FeZnZSM催化剂液相合成乙酸丁酯

用浸渍法混合负载铁、锌、硫酸，研制出一种ＳＯ４２－／ＦｅＺｎＺＳＭ分子筛催化剂，用正交试验法分别探讨了负载浓度、焙烧温度、酸醇摩尔比以及催化剂用量对催化活性的影响，用ＩＣＰ、ＸＲＤ、ＤＴＡ、ＴＧ、ＳＳＡ、ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ等技术对催化剂的物化性能进行了表征．结果表明：研制出的ＳＯ４２－／ＦｅＺｎＺＳＭ催化剂对酯化反应具有良好的催化活性，选择性达１００％．在１２２℃，酸醇摩尔比为１∶１．０８时，反应３小时后，乙酸的转化率达９７．６３％．因催化剂制备成本低，催化剂热稳定性好，机械强度高，可望有开发应用价值．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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