黄前水库中的阴离子变化规律及其影响因素分析

该文以离子色谱法测定黄前水库中的氟、氯、硝酸根、硫酸根四种阴离子的含量,根据其一年四季的变化规律,分析可能的影响因素.     

中西部城镇居民住房类型分化影响因素分析

分析了转型背景下中西部城镇居民住房类型分化及其影响因素,研究发现:家庭生命周期、户籍、单位性质等变量显著影响住房选择.体现市场与制度(灰箱)因素对住房资源分配的双重影响.并基于上述实证研究的结论提出相应的政策建议.     

城市人工林空气负离子变化特征及其主要影响因子

由于空气负离子存在瞬时性,1 h或2 h的间断性监测很难准确反映其变化趋势。为获得空气负离子的实时变化趋势并准确分析其影响因子,以上海崇明岛5种人工林为研究对象,开展单层结构人工林空气负离子实时监测及主要影响因子的研究。结果表明:人工林空气负离子浓度日变化曲线呈双峰型曲线,但峰值出现的具体时间和大小因优势种不同而有所差异; 人工林空气负离子浓度存在季节性差异,不同季节空气负离子浓度的均值大小次序为夏季((1 476±17.1)ions/cm³)>冬季((1 310±25.2)ions/cm³)>春季((1 197±12.6)ions/cm³)>秋季((1 089±12.7)ions/cm³); 5种林分空气负离子浓度的年均值大小次序为池杉林((1 405±16.5)ions/cm³)>混交林((1 269±18.1)ions/cm³)>臭椿林((1 259±23.2)ions/cm³)>水杉林((1 257±21.0)ions/cm³)>香樟林((1 093±16.6)ions/cm³); 在一定范围内,林分空气负离子浓度与优势树种树高和环境相对湿度呈正相关,与温度和风速呈负相关; 当光照度小于20 000 lx时,林分负离子浓度与光照度呈显著正相关; 主成分分析表明,相对湿度和光照度是影响林分空气负离子浓度的主要因素。通过比较优势种光合作用日变化和林分空气负离子浓度日变化相似的“M”形双峰曲线,认为植物光合作用也是影响林分空气负离子浓度的重要因子。     

东方铁线莲种宗变异式样分析

运用形象化散点图和柱形图对东方铁线莲种宗的３个近缘种的变异式样进行了定量分析．结果表明，东方铁线莲在萼片形态、毛被及叶的形态等方面与其它２个近缘种显著不同，而粉绿铁线莲和黄花铁线莲则十分相似，仅在叶的裂片形态特征上存在着一定的差异．笔者同意Ｃ．Ｆ．Ｌｅｄｅｂｕｒ（１８４２）将黄花铁线莲作为粉绿铁线莲的变种处理的观点     

Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the encoding region of EX-FABP gene and its association with fattiness trait in chicken

Fattiness is an important parameter to estimate meat quality, which has high heritability. In this experiment, F2 chickens derived from Broilers crossing to Silky were used to study the effect of extracellular fatty acid inding protein (EX-FABP) gene on abdominal fat accumulation. Five exons and partial introns of the gene were amplified by six pairs of primers, and then single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and subsequently confirmed by sequencing. There were four nucleotides variations found, T-C at 659, C-T at 924, CA-TG at 968 and C-T at 1985 respectively. The result of least square analysis suggests that the chickens with HH genotype defined by the third pair of primers have a lower abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage than the chickens with other genotypes (GG, GI, GH and II). It implies that extracellular fatty acid binding protein gene could be a candidate locus or linked to a major gene that significantly affects abdominal fat traits in chicken.     

基于县域尺度土地利用碳排放的时空分异及影响因素研究

基于县域尺度研究土地利用变化导致的碳排放变化、空间异质性及影响因素,对推动土地利用方式向低碳化转变及制定合理有效的政策意义重大.该文以陕西省为例,估算县域1990-2015年土地利用导致的碳排放,探索时空变化的同时分析了不同县域的碳排放风险及其影响因素.结果 表明,陕西省土地利用碳排放呈不断增加趋势,年均增长率为13....     

连云港、吕泗海域的海表温度变化及影响机制

通过对连云港海域(1976-2008)、吕泗海域(1960-1990)30年左右的海表温度(SST)资料进行随机动态分析;并计算了SST与Nio3.4指数、海表热通量和海面风场的相关系数。研究结果表明:从1976-2008年连云港的SST呈现长期升高的趋势,32年间约上升0.9℃;从1960-1990年吕泗的SST呈现下降的趋势,30年间共下降约0.22℃。月均的SST最大熵谱分析揭示了两站的SST具有12个月和6个月的显著变化周期,此外还有准2 a的振荡周期。东赤道太平洋海温的异常对连云港、吕泗海域的SST有一定的影响,热通量是影响连云港海域SST变化的部分因素,仅通过海面热通量的变化无法解释连云港海域海表温度升高的现象,海洋动力过程对SST的贡献不能忽略。连云港、吕泗海域的SST变化与风场的变化显著相关。     

西辽河源头流域径流变化趋势及影响因素分析

利用1977—2008年老哈河流域与沙拉沐沦河流域水文数据,采用Mann-Kendall检验法、有序聚类分析和线性回归方法分析其降水量、径流量近32 a的年内和年际变化规律及其影响因素.结果表明:1977—2008年2个流域年降水量和径流量均呈现下降的趋势,径流量下降幅度明显高于降水量;沙拉沐沦河流域降水量下降趋势不明显,稳定的泉水补给使得径流量受降水量减少和土地利用/覆被变化影响较小;老哈河流域径流量减少幅度远远高于降水量,在雨季下游有断流现象,该流域1977—1998年降水量是径流量变化的主要影响因素,1999—2008年流域内土地利用/覆被变化和水库水坝修建、河道外取水等人类活动共同作用使得该流域径流量减少了70.3%.     

MHC II DRB variation and trans-species polymorphism in the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

Genetic variation is generally believed to be important in studying endangered species’ adaptive potential.Early studies assessed genetic diversity using nearly neutral markers,such as microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA),which are very informative for phylogenetic and phylogeographic reconstructions.However,the variation at these loci cannot provide direct information on selective processes involving the interaction of individuals with their environment,or on the capability to resist continuously evolving pathogens and parasites.The importance of genetic diversity at informative adaptive markers,such as major histocompatibility complex(MHC) genes,is increasingly being realized,especially in endangered,isolated species.Small population size and isolation make the golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana) particularly susceptible to genetic variation losses through inbreeding and restricted gene flow.In this study,we compared the genetic variation and population structure of microsatellites,mtDNA,and the most relevant adaptive region of the MHC II-DRB genes in the golden snub-nosed monkey.We examined three Chinese R.roxellana populations and found the same variation patterns in all gene regions,with the population from Shennongjia population,Hubei Province,showing the lowest polymorphism among three populations.Genetic drift that outweighed balancing selection and the founder effect in these populations may explain the similar genetic variation pattern found in these neutral and adaptive genes.     

Epigenetic regulation of translation reveals hidden genetic variation to produce complex traits

Phenotypic plasticity and the exposure of hidden genetic variation both affect the survival and evolution of new traits, but their contributing molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. A single factor, the yeast prion [PSI(+)], may exert a profound effect on both. [PSI(+)] is a conserved, protein-based genetic element that is formed by a change in the conformation and function of the translation termination factor Sup35p, and is transmitted from mother to progeny. Curing cells of [PSI(+)] alters their survival in different growth conditions and produces a spectrum of phenotypes in different genetic backgrounds. Here we show, by examining three plausible explanations for this phenotypic diversity, that all traits tested involved [PSI(+)]-mediated read-through of nonsense codons. Notably, the phenotypes analysed were genetically complex, and genetic re-assortment frequently converted [PSI(+)]-dependent phenotypes to stable traits that persisted in the absence of [PSI(+)]. Thus, [PSI(+)] provides a temporary survival advantage under diverse conditions, increasing the likelihood that new traits will become fixed by subsequent genetic change. As an epigenetic mechanism that globally affects the relationship between genotype and phenotype, [PSI(+)] expands the conceptual framework for phenotypic plasticity, provides a one-step mechanism for the acquisition of complex traits and affords a route to the genetic assimilation of initially transient epigenetic traits.     

平衡相关免疫函数的特征和结构

研究了简称相关免疫函数的特征和结构。用频谱理论和重量分析方法，给出了平衡相关免疫函数的Walsh谱特征和重量特征；分析和介绍了几类重要平衡相关免疫函数的结构，给出了构造具有良好密码特性的平衡相关免疫函数的方法。     

2000-2020年北疆地区积雪时空变化趋势及影响要素

基于北疆地区29个气象站点2000—2020年积雪数据集,分析了北疆地区20个水文年的积雪天数、年最大雪深、年均雪深、降雪次数、雪物候和气象要素变化,并对其影响要素进行了分析。结果表明,北疆地区近20年来冬季的积雪天数呈显著上升趋势,超过58%的气象站点降雪次数下降趋势显著,这与最低气温和降水量的显著增加密切相关。有72%的站点表现出了温度升高的趋势,近20年北疆地区降水量出现显著增加。雪物候方面,积雪持续天数呈现弱下降趋势,初雪日的出现时间明显推迟,增幅为0.17 d/a。终雪日的推迟并不显著。地理和气象因素与积雪密切相关,尤其是气温和降水量的变化会导致积雪深度发生显著变化,海拔对雪物候的影响程度比气象因素更加明显。     

局部和整体共形balanced流形的关系

证明局部共形balanced流形和整体共形balanced流形之间有如下的关系:如果一个局部共形balanced流形满足-引理,那么该局部共形balanced度量是一个整体共形balanced度量.     

Turning on and off recurrent balanced cortical activity

The vast majority of synaptic connections onto neurons in the cerebral cortex arise from other cortical neurons, both excitatory and inhibitory, forming local and distant 'recurrent' networks. Although this is a basic theme of cortical organization, its study has been limited largely to theoretical investigations, which predict that local recurrent networks show a proportionality or balance between recurrent excitation and inhibition, allowing the generation of stable periods of activity. This recurrent activity might underlie such diverse operations as short-term memory, the modulation of neuronal excitability with attention, and the generation of spontaneous activity during sleep. Here we show that local cortical circuits do indeed operate through a proportional balance of excitation and inhibition generated through local recurrent connections, and that the operation of such circuits can generate self-sustaining activity that can be turned on and off by synaptic inputs. These results confirm the long-hypothesized role of recurrent activity as a basic operation of the cerebral cortex.     

Molecular cloning and polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex class I genes from grass carp (Ctenophayngodon idellus)

In order to clarify the molecular sequences,allelic polymorphism and the tertiary structure of grass carp (Ctenophayngodon idellus) MHC class I,and to further study their relationship with disease resistances,grass carp MHC class I gene (Ctid-MHC I) was cloned from a cDNA library and the allelic polymorphism in the population was investigated.The results showed that most of the variations exist in the peptide-binding domain (PBD) and high polymorphism was identified in the Ctid-MHC I allelic genes from 12 individuals.Based on the genetic distance,Ctid-MHC class I can be classified into 6 types (from Ctid-MHC I-UA to Ctid-MHC I-UF) which were subdivided into 9 lineages (from A to I).Comparison of the Ctid-MHC I among animals and humans showed that the key amino acids of the peptide binding sites are conserved.Analysis of the tertiary structure of the PBD between Grass carp and human crystallographic data of HLA-A2,the variation with insertion or deletion was found in eight regions (A～H).The phylogenetic tree of MHC class I indicates the evolution of MHC class I among grass carp,fish,amphibian,birds,higher vertebrates and humans.     

主被动均衡电池管理系统设计

为了克服新能源汽车电池组在使用过程中内部单体电池充放电速率不一致问题,提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(field-programmable gate array,FPGA)的主被动均衡相结合的电池管理系统。该设计通过LTC6811电池采集芯片,将电压、电流、温度等数据传到FPGA进行容量估算。主控微控制单元(microcontroller unit,MCU)通过设置单体间荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)差值阈值,控制均衡电路中的回路开关的通断,使单体电池在不同容量差值时,进行不同的均衡策略。同时运用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件搭建出核心主被动均衡电路模型,对电路的均衡方案进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:通过采用主被动相结合的均衡策略,电池在充放电过程中均衡速度较单一均衡方式有明显的提升。可见通过主被动均衡结合的方式,能有效地提升电池均衡速度,改善电池使用效率。