ZrC/奥氏体相界面形变诱导相变动力学

研究热模拟单向压缩条件下含ZrC粒子的低碳锰(铌)钢在形变诱导相变过程中的铁素体转变动力学关系。研究结果表明:添加ZrC粒子使试验用钢奥氏体晶界的形核率明显增加,影响形变诱导铁素体的形态、分布及晶粒细化效果;高温变形时由于形变诱导的作用,铁素体转变量随应变的增大不断增加,而铁素体晶粒的细化主要是由于动态再结晶的作用,试验用钢在形变诱导相变的变形温度TAe3～TAr3之间的低温区进行变形(TAe3为形变诱导相变的开始温度,TAr3为形变诱导相变的终止温度),可以加速铁素体形核;同时,一定粒径和体积分数(0.6%)的ZrC粒子作为形变和再结晶核心,不仅阻碍位错的运动,而且造成位错密度增大,因而提高α-Fe形核率。在温度为900℃、应变速率为1s-1的条件下,试验用钢获得超细组织对应的ZrC粒子临界体积分数为0.6%。     

超细第二相粒子强化低碳微合金钢铁材料的研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行单向压缩热模拟试验,研究了试验钢在形变诱导铁素体相变过程中ZrC粒子对铁素体晶粒细化的促进作用,结果表明：粒径小于1.0μm的ZrC粒子作为形变和再结晶核心可以加速铁素体形核,从而细化铁素体晶粒,为提高α-Fe形核率,试验钢获得超细组织的ZrC粒子临界体积分数是0.6%,当ZrC粒子的加入量为0.5%、轧制变形量为0.6时,轧后水冷可获得3~4μm的超细晶粒组织,抗拉强度约提高70%,材料综合性能显著提高.     

控制冷却对CSP低碳锰钢组织和性能的影响

利用Gleeble1500热模拟机测定了薄板坯连铸连轧EAF-CSP工艺生产的低碳含锰钢经奥氏体区二次变形后的CCT曲线.实验钢含有0.17%C,1.21%Mn和0.28%Si(质量分数).研究表明:提高热轧后的冷却速度使Ar3温度降低,导致试验钢的晶粒进一步细化;冷速大于20℃/s时,出现贝氏体和铁素体的混合组织,可降低钢的屈强比;790℃终轧,550℃卷曲时出现铁素体/珠光体带状组织,提高冷速使溶质(如Mn和C)富集区在形成珠光体之前完成奥氏体-铁素体相变是避免生成铁素体/珠光体带状组织的有效方法.     

ZrC粒子对低碳钢晶粒细化及力学性能的影响

在低碳低合金钢熔炼过程中加入平均粒径为0.5 μm,体积分数为0.8%的ZrC粒子,研究了不同轧制变形量条件下的晶粒细化行为及力学性能.轧制变形过程中在ZrC粒子周围形成高位错密度和高晶格畸变区,成为形变核心和再结晶核心,促进了高温奥氏体非自发再结晶细化奥氏体晶粒;由于奥氏体晶粒尺寸细化,奥氏体晶界面积增大,随后进行的铁素体相变的铁素体形核位置增多,从而大大细化了铁素体晶粒尺寸;轧制变形量与ZrC粒子体积分数存在一定的最佳配合才能对晶粒细化有作用.本实验中轧制变形量为62%,ZrC粒子体积分数0.8%以及轧后水冷条件下,铁素体晶粒尺寸细化到9.8 μm,屈服强度和抗拉强度明显提高,分别达到386.4 MPa和522.1 MPa;同时冲击吸收功(AKV=118.5 J)不降低且延伸率(δ5=34.5%)有所提高,说明添加ZrC粒子可促进晶粒细化.     

微合金化对超细晶中厚板显微组织的影响

在Gleeble 1500热模拟机上,通过820~790℃温度范围内的多道次热压缩变形模拟了中厚板的精轧工艺,考察了不同铌、钒(氮)含量的低碳钢的组织演变过程、微合金元素的碳氮化物的析出行为和对形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)的影响.结果表明:变形过程中有部分奥氏体转变为铁素体,依变形的温度不同在变形间隔时间内有逆相变或亚动态相变发生;变形后快速冷却得到平均晶粒直径低于5μm的超细晶组织.单独添加钒对DIFT具有抑制作用,可以细化显微组织;钒-氮复合添加促进DIFT,但使组织粗化;添加铌基本不会抑制DIFT,能显著细化显微组织.变形后冷速越小,钢种间差距越明显.微合金化元素的作用与其在变形过程中...     

钒微合金化中锰钢组织与性能研究

对一种钒微合金化低碳中锰钢进行了轧制及热处理实验,对其组织与性能进行了研究,通过选取合理的热处理工艺,获得了良好的强韧性指标.结果表明:热轧态中锰钢的屈服强度在700MPa以上,-40℃的冲击功为67J,当淬火温度和回火温度分别为900℃和600℃时,实验钢的屈服强度在650 MPa以上,-40℃的冲击功为275J,具有良好的强韧性指标.热处理态实验钢的组织为回火马氏体,组织细化有利于提高实验钢的低温冲击功,当淬火温度为900℃时,在回火过程中可析出大量20nm以下的二元相VC,其析出强化量在150 MPa以上.     

高强韧低碳中锰钢的弯曲疲劳性能

利用GPS-100高频疲劳试验机,研究了高强韧低碳中锰钢的三点弯曲疲劳性能,绘制出S-N曲线并分析了疲劳断口特征,探讨了相变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应对试验钢疲劳性能的影响机理.结果表明:试验钢的条件疲劳极限为1006MPa,疲劳比为1.20;试验钢的疲劳裂纹源萌生于试样下表面靠近棱角的位置,疲劳裂纹扩展区存在大量的二次裂纹可有效降低主裂纹的扩展速率,提高试验钢的疲劳强度;瞬断区包含等轴韧窝和拉长的韧窝,是典型的韧性断裂.疲劳裂纹前沿微小塑性变形区内的残余奥氏体发生TRIP效应,吸收大量应变能,钝化裂纹,减缓裂纹的扩展速率,是试验钢疲劳性能优异的主要原因.     

采用低温急冷大压下细化铁素体组织

以SS400为研究对象,在Gleeble1500热模拟机上,测定了在850℃未变形及变形的奥氏体CCT曲线,研究了低温急冷大变形条件下变形温度、应变量、过冷度对铁素体变形行为以及对铁素体晶粒细化的影响·结果发现通过采用低温大变形可以得到平均晶粒直径约为186μm的细小的铁素体组织,铁素体体积分数可达85%以上,在铁素体晶内和边界有碳化物析出·研究表明,低温、急冷、大变形可以有效地提高铁素体形核的驱动力,增加铁素体形核率,使晶粒大大地细化·     

冷速对钒微合金化钢形变诱导相变组织的影响

通过热模拟实验考察了在连续冷却条件下,不同的冷却速度对钒微合金化钢的形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)组织演变的影响规律.结果表明,大变形后的冷却速度越大,实验用钢的铁素体晶粒越细小;在相同的冷却速度下,钢中的钒含量越多,铁素体晶粒越细小.在较低的冷却速度下,钢中的钒含量越多,钒的碳氮化物析出越多;当冷却速度较大时,钒微合金化实验用钢中没有钒的碳氮化物析出.     

温度应力对低碳微合金钢连续冷却过程中相变塑性的影响

通过热模拟单轴载荷拉伸/压缩试验,研究了连续冷却过程中温度应力对低碳微合金钢700L相变塑性和相变动力学的影响。结果表明,在1/2奥氏体屈服强度的应力范围内,700L钢的相变塑性应变与温度应力呈线性关系,对应相变塑性参数k为1.357×10~(-4);整体而言,压应力对700L钢相变塑性的作用效果强于拉应力。连续冷却过程中,外加载荷明显降低了700L钢奥氏体向铁素体转变开始温度,延缓了铁素体相变进程,缩短了相变完成所需时间,并且拉应力作用对700L钢铁素体转变动力学的影响效果更显著。     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

Microstructure and wear properties of the electroslag remelting layer reinforced by TiC particles

The electroslag remelting (ESR) layer reinforced by TiC particles was obtained by electroslag remelting. The microstructure and wear properties of the ESR layer were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and wear test. The results indicate that TiC particles are synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction during the electroslag remelting process. The size of TiC particles is in the range of 1-10 μm, and the distribution of TiC particles is uniform, from outside to inside of the ESR layer, and the volume fraction and the size of TiC particles decrease gradually. Molten iron and slag flow into porosity due to the SHS process leading to rapid densification and the elimination of porosity in the ESR layer during the ESR process. TiC particles enhance the wear resistance of the ESR layer, whereas CaF₂ can improve the high temperature lubricating property of the ESR layer.     

Microstructure and strengthening parameters of ultra-thin hot strip of low carbon steel

The microstructure and precipitation mechanism of ultra-thinhot strip produced by CSP technology were analyzed by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), H-800 transmission electron microscope (TEM) and thermodynamics theory. The EBSD results show that the finishing hot rolling microstructures are mixture of recrystallized and deformed austenite. After phase transformation, ferrite grains embody substructures and dislocations that led ultra-thin hot strip high strength and relatively low elongation rate. TEM observations show that there are a lot of fine and dispersive precipitates in microstructures. Most of aluminium nitrides are in grains, while coexisted precipitates of MnS along grain boundaries. Coexisted precipitates compose cation-vacancy type oxides such as Al₂O₃ in the core, while MnS at the fringe of surface. At the same time, reasons for microstructure refinement and strengthening effect were investigated.     

低碳钢中以氧化物为核心针状铁素体的形成

通过高温热扩散结合法系统地研究了在含CaO,CeO2的低碳钢中晶内针状铁素体形核现象. 实验结果表明:钢中针状铁素体的形核是由稳定的氧化物CaO,CeO2质点非均匀形核引起的. 在CaO,CeO2氧化物周围存在明显应变区,它是晶内针状铁素体非均匀形核起支配作用的驱动力,可以在一个夹杂氧化物上多处形核,同时形成大量新的奥氏体/铁素体高能内界面,提供发生激发形核的表面效应. 氧化物尺寸在0.1～0.6?m范围内对形成晶内针状铁素体效果最好.     

中国低活化马氏体钢组织性能及强化机理

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜和化学相分析等方法研究了中国低活化马氏体(CLAM)钢的组织特征、析出行为及其与性能的关系.结果表明:CLAM钢淬火态组织为马氏体,760℃回火后组织转变为细小均匀的索氏体.其室温下的抗拉强度为697MPa,屈服强度为652MPa,延伸率为24.4%;600℃时抗拉强度为453MPa,屈服强度为452MPa,延伸率为23%.韧脆转变温度为-60℃.CLAM钢中的析出物主要为30～70 nm的M23C6和Ta(C,N),这些主要分布在晶界且少量弥散分布于晶内的析出物是强化CLAM钢的主要方式之一.     

Microstructure evolution and precipitation behavior of low carbon steel hot strips produced by CSP

The microstructures of low carbon steel before, during and after rolling deformation of each stand were observed using optical microscope. The result showed that the microstructures were very fine after six passes rolling deformation. The effect of the first stand reduction on microstructure refinement was very distinct. During the rolling process, with the increase of the accumulated strain, the microstructures would further refine, and the density of dislocation would increase at the same time. In continuous casting thin slabs and each finishing stand, lots of observed precipitates were mainly Al₂O₃ and MnS along the grain boundaries or in grains, which played an important role in the mechanical properties of the hot strips of low carbon steel produced by CSP (compact strip production) technology.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of railway wheels manufactured with low-medium carbon Si-Mn-Mo-V steel

The suitability of carbide-free bainite steel as railway wheel materials was investigated. The low-medium carbon Si-Mn-Mo-V steel was designed to make railway wheels by forging and rolling. The slack quenching with water was conducted on the tread of rim section by programmed control to simulate isothermal heat treatment after being austenitized. Microstructures and mechanical properties have been studied. The results indicate that the microstructure of the rim is mainly carbide-free bainite, and the mixed microstructure of bainitic ferrite and granular bainite is observed in web and hub. The mechanical properties are superior to both the standard requirements and the commercial production, such as CL60 plain carbon. The Charpy impact energy is relatively high at room and/or subzero temperatures. The force-displacement curves and fractographies reveal the excellent ability of resistance to crack initiation and propagation.     

Microstructure and properties of pure iron/copper composite cladding layers on carbon steel

In the present study, pure iron/copper composite metal cladding was deposited onto carbon steel by tungsten inert gas welding. The study focused on interfacial morphological, microstructural, and mechanical analyses of the composite cladding layers. Iron liquid–solid-phase zones were formed at copper/steel and iron interfaces because of the melting of the steel substrate and iron. Iron concentrated in the copper cladding layer was observed to exhibit belt, globule, and dendrite morphologies. The appearance of iron-rich globules indicated the occurrence of liquid phase separation (LPS) prior to solidification, and iron-rich dendrites crystallized without the occurrence of LPS. The maximum microhardness of the iron/steel interface was lower than that of the copper/steel interface because of the diffusion of elemental carbon. All samples fractured in the cladding layers. Because of a relatively lower strength of the copper layer, a short plateau region appeared when shear movement was from copper to iron.     

热轧态与回火态 AH80 DB 低碳贝氏体钢组织与冲击韧性

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对热轧态和回火态AH80DB低碳贝氏体钢的显微组织、马氏体/奥氏体( M/A)岛、第二相的析出行为以及晶界取向差、有效晶粒尺寸进行研究,揭示回火后低碳贝氏体钢冲击韧性得到改善的原因.结果表明：两种试样的组织均由板条状贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体组成,其中回火态试样中针状铁素体组织较多.热轧态钢中存在较大尺寸M/A岛且呈方向性分布,大角度晶界比例占17.33%,有效晶粒尺寸为3.57μm;而回火态钢中M/A岛的尺寸较小,大角度晶界比例增加3.43%,有效晶粒尺寸减小0.56μm.热轧态钢中析出相主要是( Nb,Ti) C,尺寸在50~150 nm之间,回火态试样中析出较多细小的球状( Nb,Ti) C析出相,尺寸在10 nm左右.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength low alloy steel by wire and arc additive manufacturing

A high-building multi-directional pipe joint(HBMDPJ) was fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing using high-strength low-alloy(HSLA) steel. The microstructure characteristics and transformation were observed and analyzed. The results show that the forming part includes four regions. The solidification zone solidifies as typical columnar crystals from a molten pool. The complete austenitizing zone forms from the solidification zone heated to a temperature greater than 1100°C, and the typical columnar crystals in this zone are difficult to observe. The partial austenitizing zone forms from the completely austenite zone heated between Ac1(austenite transition temperature) and1100°C, which is mainly equiaxed grains. After several thermal cycles, the partial austenitizing zone transforms to the tempering zone, which consistes of fully equiaxed grains. From the solidification zone to the tempering zone, the average grain size decreases from 75 to20 μm. The mechanical properties of HBMDPJ satisfies the requirement for the intended application.