Optimization Strategies for Two-Mode Partitioning

Two-mode partitioning is a relatively new form of clustering that clusters both rows and columns of a data matrix. In this paper, we consider deterministic two-mode partitioning methods in which a criterion similar to k-means is optimized. A variety of optimization methods have been proposed for this type of problem. However, it is still unclear which method should be used, as various methods may lead to non-global optima. This paper reviews and compares several optimization methods for two-mode partitioning. Several known methods are discussed, and a new fuzzy steps method is introduced. The fuzzy steps method is based on the fuzzy c-means algorithm of Bezdek (1981) and the fuzzy steps approach of Heiser and Groenen (1997) and Groenen and Jajuga (2001). The performances of all methods are compared in a large simulation study. In our simulations, a two-mode k-means optimization method most often gives the best results. Finally, an empirical data set is used to give a practical example of two-mode partitioning. We would like to thank two anonymous referees whose comments have improved the quality of this paper. We are also grateful to Peter Verhoef for providing the data set used in this paper.     

On the Discrepancy Measures for the Optimal Equal Probability Partitioning in Bayesian Multivariate Micro-Aggregation

Data holders, such as statistical institutions and financial organizations, have a very serious and demanding task when producing data for official and public use. It’s about controlling the risk of identity disclosure and protecting sensitive information when they communicate data-sets among themselves, to governmental agencies and to the public. One of the techniques applied is that of micro-aggregation. In a Bayesian setting, micro-aggregation can be viewed as the optimal partitioning of the original data-set based on the minimization of an appropriate measure of discrepancy, or distance, between two posterior distributions, one of which is conditional on the original data-set and the other conditional on the aggregated data-set. Assuming d-variate normal data-sets and using several measures of discrepancy, it is shown that the asymptotically optimal equal probability m-partition of , with m ^1/d ∈ , is the convex one which is provided by hypercubes whose sides are formed by hyperplanes perpendicular to the canonical axes, no matter which discrepancy measure has been used. On the basis of the above result, a method that produces a sub-optimal partition with a very small computational cost is presented. Published online xx, xx, xxxx.     

地质学术语翻译研究

地质学作为一门专业性极强且与多学科交叉的学科,是人类了解地球演变历史、开采深部矿产资源、开展岩土工程建设的基础,其术语也有鲜明的特点。文章以2016年出版的《英汉岩石力学与工程大辞典》所涉及的词汇为基础,对地质学术语的特征、构词特点、翻译策略进行探讨,以期对地质学相关文献翻译提供借鉴。     

Optimal Variable Weighting for Ultrametric and Additive Trees and K-means Partitioning: Methods and Software

K -means partitioning. We also describe some new features and improvements to the algorithm proposed by De Soete. Monte Carlo simulations have been conducted using different error conditions. In all cases (i.e., ultrametric or additive trees, or K-means partitioning), the simulation results indicate that the optimal weighting procedure should be used for analyzing data containing noisy variables that do not contribute relevant information to the classification structure. However, if the data involve error-perturbed variables that are relevant to the classification or outliers, it seems better to cluster or partition the entities by using variables with equal weights. A new computer program, OVW, which is available to researchers as freeware, implements improved algorithms for optimal variable weighting for ultrametric and additive tree clustering, and includes a new algorithm for optimal variable weighting for K-means partitioning.     

A Property of the CHAID Partitioning Method for Dichotomous Randomized Response Data and Categorical Predictors

In this paper, we present empirical and theoretical results on classification trees for randomized response data. We considered a dichotomous sensitive response variable with the true status intentionally misclassified by the respondents using rules prescribed by a randomized response method. We assumed that classification trees are grown using the Pearson chi-square test as a splitting criterion, and that the randomized response data are analyzed using classification trees as if they were not perturbed. We proved that classification trees analyzing observed randomized response data and estimated true data have a one-to-one correspondence in terms of ranking the splitting variables. This is illustrated using two real data sets.     

Graph Partitioning by Correspondence Analysis and Taxicab Correspondence Analysis

We consider correspondence analysis (CA) and taxicab correspondence analysis (TCA) of relational datasets that can mathematically be described as weighted loopless graphs. Such data appear in particular in network analysis. We present CA and TCA as relaxation methods for the graph partitioning problem. Examples of real datasets are provided.     

术语翻译与术语标准化的相互助益之策

术语翻译和术语标准化工作之间有着密切的联系,二者之间相互影响。本文从术语翻译的角度,探讨了如何发挥术语翻译对术语标准化的积极影响问题,又从术语学建设的角度,探讨了如何促进术语的标准化翻译问题。文章指出,译者必须掌握和运用术语学知识,才能实现术语翻译的标准化和规范化,从而对术语的标准化工作产生积极影响。同时,术语的标准化工作也必须在术语学建设的宏观框架中拓展视野和范围。     

术语翻译与术语标准化的相互助益之策

术语翻译和术语标准化工作之间有着密切的联系,二者之间相互影响.本文从术语翻译的角度,探讨了如何发挥术语翻译对术语标准化的积极影响问题,又从术语学建设的角度,探讨了如何促进术语的标准化翻译问题.文章指出,译者必须掌握和运用术语学知识,才能实现术语翻译的标准化和规范化,从而对术语的标准化工作产生积极影响.同时,术语的标准化...     

A Nonlinear Programming Approach to Metric Unidimensional Scaling

Classical unidimensional scaling provides a difficult combinatorial task. A procedure formulated as a nonlinear programming (NLP) model is proposed to solve this problem. The new method can be implemented with standard mathematical programming software. Unlike the traditional procedures that minimize either the sum of squared error (L ₂ norm) or the sum pf absolute error (L ₁ norm), the proposed method can minimize the error based on any L _p norm for 1 ≤p < ∞. Extensions of the NLP formulation to address a multidimensional scaling problem under the city-block model are also discussed.     

气候素养提高之思考

当前,尽管与气候相关的科学知识已取得了长足的进步,但公众对气候变化的认知水平并没有随着科学的进步而提高。本研究从科学哲学的角度,对当前在公众气候素养提高方面遇到的挑战进行了分析,认为气候科学本身的不确定性和争议、气候变化沟通的不确定性以及科学共识的缺乏导致公众认知之间的鸿沟加大是其主要问题。进一步研究发现,气候变化的科学不确定性短期内无法解决,但气候变化沟通的不确定性,可以通过改善气候教育的方式方法进行提高,即通过类比推理、论证推理和反驳性推理等三种方式,注重非正规教育的重要作用,以及运用跨学科的方法,对社会科学与气候变化相关知识进行融合以提高公众的气候素养。     

Integer Programming Methods for Seriation and Unidemensional Scaling of Proximity Matrices: A Review and Some Extensions

L ₁-norm are also presented. I conclude that the computational scaling problems depends largely on the criterion of interest, with unidimensional scaling problems depends largely on the criterion of interest, with unidimensional scaling in the L ₁-norm being especially challenging.     

加强国家重点实验室建设 提高我国自主创新能力

同志们： 在两会即将召开之际,科技部、财政部今天召开国家重点实验室工作会议,宣布国家重点实验室专项经费的设立,并对国家重点实验室下一步工作进行部署。这是科技部、财政部贯彻落实十七大精神、组织实施《国家中长期科学与技术发展规划纲要（2006-2020年）》任务的重要举措,     

法国国家科研中心国际合作战略和资助格局

一、法国国家科研中心发展方向的战略性建议和国际合作战略　　法国国家科研中心 (LeCentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,CNRS)是法国青年、教育和研究部下属的一个公共科技性的基础科研国家组织机构。它产生知识 ,并以此为社会服务。法国国家科研中心拥有 2 6 0 0 0名工作人员 ,其中有 116 0 0名科研人员 ,14 4 0 0名工程师、技术员和行政管理人员。其 2 0 0 4年度预算升为 2 2 14亿欧元。法国国家科研中心的经费主要支持全法国国土内的涉及所有科研领域的 12 6 0个研究单位的科研和服务活动。　　 2 0 0 3年 7月 31日BernardLa…     

高新技术治理难题及其应对策略

技术治理是现代社会治理体系的组成部分和展开基础。作为现代技术的前沿领域,高新技术研发与推广应用处于成长和摸索之中,存在着诸多不确定性,其治理过程也展现出一系列新特点,法律与道德等传统治理手段一时难于发挥规范和引导作用。这就需要人们在传统技术治理的基础上,有针对性地制订高新技术的治理策略及其方案;依据不同高新技术研发与推广应用的不同阶段,规范和引导高新技术的持续健康发展,造福人类社会。     

企业隐性环境知识管理战略

在企业可持续发展过程中,企业环境意识、环境愿景、企业家的环境心智模式、员工环境经验、环境能力,以及企业环境组织惯例等隐性环境知识不仅能够带来环境质量的改善和提高,而且由于其巨大的价值性、稀缺性、不易模仿性,越来越多的企业将其看成其提升绿色竞争力的战略资源。但由于受到隐性环境知识的难以收集和整理、环境知识垄断性、缺乏有效的知识产权保护措施和信用体系,以及缺乏生态系统思维模式等因素的影响,企业隐性环境知识的管理和开发成为一项难题。通过研究探索试图从开发和整合内外部隐性环境知识来获得和保持环境竞争力。企业内部的隐性环境知识管理和开发侧重于发掘员工头脑中潜在的环境想法、直觉和灵感等隐性知识,使其转化为企业环境竞争优势;企业外部的隐性环境知识管理和开发的重点是整合和利用客户、竞争者、供应商等外部隐性环境知识资源。     

中药名阿拉伯语翻译规范研究

文章主要介绍了中药名阿拉伯语翻译及规范研究过程中遇到的困难与解决问题的策略。借鉴中药名其他语种翻译规范经验,讨论了影响中药名阿拉伯语翻译的因素,中药名汉语与阿拉伯语对应的不同情况的处理,多种音译方法的处理等,还讨论了药名翻译的规范方法,包括翻译的规范模式,阿拉伯语语法中冠词、多音词的处理,汉语拼音阿拉伯语转写规范,药名中炮制方法的翻译,以及道地药材地名的翻译等。