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1.
Pteris vittata can hyperaccumulate arsenic (As) to 〉1% of its dry weight without showing any signs of toxicity, indicating the existence of effective plant-internal detoxificaUon mechanisms. Although vacuolar compartmentalization is known to play an important role in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance, direct evidence of arsenic compartmentalization in this hyperaccumulator was lacking. Here we report the subcellular localization of As in the callus of P. vittata. The callus induced from gametophytes of P. vittata exposed to 0.2 mmol/L arsenate for 20 days were examined by directly isolating cell walls, protoplasts and vacuoles, and determining arsenic concentrations. Of the total As in the callus, about 94% was in the protoplast, and of that, 91% was present in the vacuoles, indicating that vacuoles are a major storage site for As in P. vittata. In addition, the changes in the chemical components of vacuoles were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). 相似文献
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Effect of phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. and its implication 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Pot experiment was conducted to understand the effect of phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.). It is shown that arsenic concentrations in the fronds and rhizoids, the arsenic bioaccumulation factor, and the total arsenic in the fronds were not influenced significantly under low levels of phosphorus (≤400 mg/kg) and increased sharply under high levels of phosphorus (>400 mg/ kg). The discovery implies that the efficiency of arsenic removal in phytoremediation using the hyperaccumulating plant can be greatly elevated by the phosphorus addition at high rates. The interaction between the accumulation of phosphorus and that of arsenic in plant was stimulated mutually. The result represents that Chinese brake is a good material for plant physiologist to conduct comparative and mechanism studies on the uptake behaviors of phosphorus and arsenic, and phosphorus is also a potential accelerator for phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. 相似文献
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Pot experiment was conducted to understand the effect of phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyperaccumulator Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.). It is shown that arsenic concentrations in the fronds and rhizoids, the arsenic bioaccumulation factor, and the total arsenic in the fronds were not influenced significantly under low levels of phosphorus (≤400 mg/kg) and increased sharply under high levels of phosphorus (>400 mg/ kg). The discovery implies that the efficiency of arsenic removal in phytoremediation using the hyperaccumulating plant can be greatly elevated by the phosphorus addition at high rates. The interaction between the accumulation of phosphorus and that of arsenic in plant was stimulated mutually. The result represents that Chinese brake is a good material for plant physiologist to conduct comparative and mechanism studies on the uptake behaviors of phosphorus and arsenic, and phosphorus is also a potential accelerator for phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. 相似文献
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CHEN Tongbin YAN Xiulan LIAO Xiaoyong XIAO Xiyuan HUANG Zechun XIE Hua ZHAI Limei 《科学通报(英文版)》2005,50(24):2843-2849
The subcellular distribution of arsenic (As) in Pteris vittata L., an As-hyperaccumniator, was studied to determine As compartmentalization and to explore the mechanisms that confer As tolerance. When the plant was grown in a nutrient solution without additional As, most of the accumulated As was isolated to the cell wall. However, in plants growing in a nutrient solution containing 0.1 or 0.2 mmol/L As, approximately 78% of the total As accumulated within the pinna. The proportions of As accumulation in the cyto- plasmic supernatant fraction were 78 % of that in the pinna and 61% of that in the plant. In either treatment group (0.1 or 0.2 mmol/L As), the fraction containing the lowest level of As was the organelle fraction. These results suggest that As accumulates in the pinna where it is primarily distributed in the cytoplasmic supernatant fraction. The role of As compartmentalization may be intricately linked with As detoxification in P. vittata L. 相似文献
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土壤砷污染是全球尤其是东南亚和中国非常突出且亟需解决的环境问题。自砷超富集植物--蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata L.)发现以来,一直是国内外学者研究的一个热点。深入理解蜈蚣草体内砷代谢和富集机制是有效利用植物修复技术治理砷污染土壤的关键。在长期的自然进化过程中,蜈蚣草逐渐分化出不同生态型。已有研究结果显示:不同生态型蜈蚣草在砷富集和砷耐性等方面均存在明显差异。本文在系统分析蜈蚣草砷富集特征、机理的基础上,重点阐述了生态型差异对蜈蚣草砷富集的影响方面的最新研究进展。研究结果显示:非污染生态型与污染生态型蜈蚣草相比砷富集能力更为高效,说明通过选择性的利用合适的蜈蚣草生态型将明显改善植物修复的效率。不同生态型蜈蚣草砷富集与砷耐性差异的分子机理尚不清楚,相关关键功能基因及其过程尚需深入研究。 相似文献
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白皮松针叶元素的X射线微区分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
将白皮松(P.bungeana zucc.Ex Endl.)一至四年生针叶分别从尖端、中部和基部截取小段,用扫描电镜X射线微区分析测定各段的表皮、下皮层、叶肉组织和维管组织的元素组成和平均质量分数(ω),结果发现,针叶中不同年份,不同部位、不同微区的元素组成及其ω是有差异的:一至四年生的白皮松针叶中可测得的元素种类分别为10,8,9,11种;尖端、中部、基部的元素组成相同,但ω有差异,各段K,Ca的ω都较高;分析各个微区,在表皮,Ca,Si,P,S的ω较高,下皮层中K的ω大幅度提高,Mg的ω在叶肉组织中有明显增加;在维管组织中,除K,Ca外其他元素的ω均低于10%,但Fe,Cu的ω明显升高.这些变化与各元素的生理作用有关.研究结果对进一步探讨白皮松针叶的结构和生理特点有重要意义. 相似文献
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X-射线能谱微区分析法对鹅绒委陵菜块根组织的化学元素分析研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用X—射线能谱微区分析法对鹅绒委陵莱块根组织进行多位点元素分析。结果:在鹅绒委陵莱块根组织中共发现Mg,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca七种元素,其中K元素含量较高。 相似文献
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用Cu(2,2′—bpy)_2(ClO_4)_2和Ru(2,2′—bpy)_2Cl_2,以及4,4′—联吡啶进行合成。通过熔点测定、元素分析、扫描电子微区分析、红外光谱分析以及光电子能谱分析表明:根据实验条件的不同,分别得到墨绿色的结晶[Cu(2,2′—bpy)_2Cl Cl(2,2′bpy)_2Cu](ClO_4)_2·2H_2O(Ⅰ)以及一种兰色的结晶Cu(2,2′—bpy)_2(ClO_4)_2(Ⅱ)。在反应过程中,Ru(2,2′—bpy)_2Cl_2虽然起着促进作用,但並未参与配位。 相似文献
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LIUWei SHUWensheng LANChongyu 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(1):29-32
This paper reports upon the finding of Viola baoshanensis, a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator through field survey and greenhouse experiments. Average Cd concentration in the shoots and roots of V. baoshanensis growing on Baoshan lead/zinc mine in Hunan Province, China, was 1168 and 981 mg/kg, respectively, varying from 456 to 2310mg/kg in the shoots, and from 233 to 1846 mg/kg in the roots.The ratio of Cd concentration in shoot to root (DW) and that in plant shoots to total concentration in surface soil was 1.32 and 2.38, respectively. Under nutrient solution culture, biomass (DW) of V. baoshanensis exposed to 0-30 mg/L Cd insolution increased with Cd supply increasing and reached a maximum at 30 mg/L Cd. Further increase of Cd concentration (40, 50 mg/L) in solution significantly reduced biomass.Cd concentration in the shoots was positively correlated with Cd concentration in the culture medium. Cd concentration in the shoots reached 4825 mg/kg at 50 mg/L Cd solution. Theratio of Cd concentration of shoots to roots in V. baoshanensis was greater than 1 at all Cd treatments, with an average of 1.67 (1.14-2.22). The results indicate that V. baoshanensis is a Cd hyperaccumulator plant. 相似文献
10.
用扫描电镜的X射线微区分析方法测定了中华水韭(Isoetes sinensis Palmer.)、水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides Brongn.)和金毛狗蕨(Cibotium borometz(L.)J.Sm.)3种中国保护蕨类植物的能育叶和孢子的元素组成,结果发现这3种植物的元素组成均有一定差异,水蕨的能育叶中可以测得Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,Fe,Cu等12种元素,中华水韭和金毛狗蕨分别为11种和10种元素;三者的元素平均质量分数差异较大,但均以K和Si为最高.3种蕨类植物的孢子的组成元素均少于各自种类的能育叶;孢子间的元素组成差异也较大,但质量分数均以Si最高.同时还发现中华水韭的大孢子和小孢子,不仅在元素组成上有差异,其质量分数也不同;而且,在同一个大孢子壁的内、外表面,元素组成和质量分数也有较大的差别. 相似文献
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YuanXun Zhang Tong Cao Iida Atsuo QingChen Cao YuXia Lou GuiLin Zhang Yan Li 《科学通报(英文版)》2009,54(17):2987-2990
In order to explore the mechanism of moss as air pollution biomonitor, the moss samples were exposed in a pollution site of Shanghai Institute of Steel Research (SISR) and a control site of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SIAP) simultaneously for one month. The concentrations of trace elements in the micro areas of leaf and stem, as well as in the whole moss tissue, were determined using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) method. The distributions of some metal elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn, Ca and K in the leaf surface and the stem slice were obtained. The results showed that the metallic ions were not evenly distributed after adsorption. In particular, some elements of K, Ni, Fe, Pb, etc., were concentrated in the leaf apex and the intermediate rib. Under pollution condition, the excessive Pb was adsorbed and deposited in the leaf. It caused serious damage to plant growth and ultrastructure, also suppressed moss’ normal absorption to the nutritive elements of K, Ca, etc. 相似文献
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用扫描电镜X射线微区分析方法对银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)、银杉( Cathaya argyrophylla Chun et Kuang)、水松(Glyptostrobus pensilis(D.Don) Koch)和水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng)4种著名活化石裸子植物 的叶和种子的元素组成和平均质量分数进行了测试分析.结果为4种活化石植物在叶和种子的 元素组成和元素的平均质量分数上均有一定差异,在银杏、银杉、水松和水杉叶中的元素分 别为10,6,10和11种,平均质量分数最大的元素银杏、银杉和水杉叶中分别为K,Cl,Ca, 而水松的条形叶中为Cl, 鳞叶和条状钻形叶为Ca. 在银杏、银杉、水松和水杉种子中的元素成分分别为10,11,9和10种,而平均质量分数最大的元素分别为K(但外种皮则以Si最高),K, Ca和K.每种活化石植物的叶和种子在元素组成及平均质量分数上也有明显差异;银杉和水杉 的种子和种翅间在元素组成和平均质量分数上也有所不同;水松叶的3种类型叶的元素组成相同,但其元素的平均质量分数差异显著. 相似文献
14.
龙德云 《贵州师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,(3):102-104
通过勃拉姆斯第四交响乐音响的外壳,使我们看到了作曲家对奋发起民族意识的德国统一从抱有幻想到希望破灭的错综复杂的矛盾心理,同时。也使我们看到了他悲剧性的哲学与一种悲观主义和舍身忍让的世界观。当我们进入他的微观结构的分析时,也看到了本来是属于另一世界的音乐,而在古典主义结构逻辑的堤坝内是怎样衍伸的。在这些扩展中,我们见到了他多声思维变奏的巨大艺术手法,而使勃拉姆斯在这方面成为世界上最伟大的“作曲”家之一。 相似文献
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研究了应用废料生产“钡餐”,即胃肠道X光透视用造影剂——药用硫酸钡的新工艺。该法将工业氯化钡及氢氧化钡的下脚料用盐酸浸溶后,调整pH值以除砷、硫等杂质,控制反应温度、酸度等条件,最终获得合格产品。 相似文献
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Laser probe_inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LP_ICP_MS) was used to determine 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios in single zircon grains. A Nd∶YAG laser operating at 1 064 nm and a Fisons_VG PQII Turbo ICP_MS were employed. For the known zircons, the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb results of LP_ICP_MS are close to the thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) results. The spatial resolution of this method is 40-50 μm and the sensitivities for lead isotopes are about 300-400 cps/ppm. The precision of 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratio is 0.3%-4% and depends on the lead concentration of the sampling pits. LP_ICP_MS provides a simple, rapid and economic method for zircon 207 Pb/ 206 Pb determination. 相似文献
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用电子显微镜技术,对法国鹌鹑脑垂体神经叶的超微结构进行了研究,观察结果表明,脑垂体神经叶由无髓神经纤维及末梢、垂体细胞,室管膜细胞、毛细血管、结缔组织构成,无髓神经纤维末梢内含许多神经分泌颗粒,大多终止于有孔型毛细血管的基膜外,这为分泌物质放入血提供了有利条件,神经叶中漏斗隐有面有一层室管膜细胞,室管膜细胞基部与神经末梢紧密相接,此外胞质中可见微吞饮小泡,因此认为,室管膜细胞可能参与社会分泌物质的释放。 相似文献
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中国癌症与土壤环境中As元素的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用土壤环境中砷元素资料32335个数据,癌死亡调查资料787080例,研究了胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中砷元素的关系。结果表明,肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、乳腺癌死亡率与砷元素有相关性,等级相关系数分别为-0.5798(P〈0.001),-0.5123(P〈0.005),-0.4596(P〈0.01),-0.6820(P〈0.0005)。 相似文献