采用脱水剂强化超稠油脱水的实验研究

根据辽河超稠油的含水状况及原油的性质,对辽河超稠油进行了热化学沉降脱水和电化学脱水实验,并对脱水前后的超稠油进行了表征.结果表明,利用开发的脱水剂和破乳剂的协同作用,无论是否施加电场,脱水速度都明显快于目前辽河油田应用的超稠油热化学沉降脱水速度.特别是电化学脱水工艺,可以在短时间内实现超稠油的深度脱水.利用脱水剂处理后的油品性质得到明显改善,金属含量显著降低,50℃时粘度降低幅度超过40%,改善了油品的储运性能,有利于超稠油的后续加工利用,为辽河超稠油预处理脱水工艺的升级换代提供了新的储备技术.     

辽河稠油破乳脱水综合技术实验研究

稠油在辽河田具有较大的产量，主要采用热——化学沉降脱水技术进行脱水，存在耗时长、耗能高、耗剂量大的现象。在采用热——化学沉降脱水工艺的基础上，引入超声波物理场，与现有的热——化学沉降脱水工艺相结合，实现声、化学和热联合作用，对辽河稠油进行破乳脱水研究。研究证明可以大幅度降低时间和化学药剂用量，降低能耗，提高脱水效率。     

SAGD超稠油采出液脱水实验研究

针对辽河油田曙一区杜84块SAGD超稠油,合成、筛选出适合其脱水的耐高温型破乳剂,该破乳剂在高温、高压条件下与超稠油采出液作用后可使净化油含水≤5％。并且通过实验摸索出适合SAGD超稠油脱水的温度、压力、破乳剂加入量等脱水工艺参数。目前破乳剂已成功应用于SAGD超稠油脱水实验站,在脱水温度高于155℃、脱水压力高于水的饱和蒸汽压0．1Mpa-0．2Mpa、破乳剂加入量高于300mg／L、热化学沉降时间高于1h的工艺条件下,净化油含水低于4％。     

老化油处理技术应用效果分析

老化油，特别是油田聚驱工艺、三元系统等产生的老化油，给生产管理带来严重危害，对其进行及时回收与高效处理，是提高油品质量，降低运行成本，节约能源的重要举措。工艺原理是采用热、化学脱水技术，将老化油集中回收加入高分子水溶性药剂，在热化学脱水器中充分沉降、分离。该项技术处理后的油品质量达到石油产品要求标准，在经济、能源、管理等方面有显著效益。     

石油焦灰分与原料性质的关系分析

对辽河超稠油和辽河稠油减压渣油两种焦化原料的性质进行了评价，分析了不同原料对石油焦收率、灰分含量及灰分组成的影响，同时探讨了原油开采及加工过程中使用的助剂、腐蚀等因素对石油焦灰分的影响。结果表明，金属元素并不是影响石油焦灰分的惟一因素；利用劣质焦化原料进行延迟焦化加工时，必须采取有效的预处理措施降低构成石油焦灰分的相关组分浓度，才能提高石油焦的品质。     

基于人工神经网络的超稠油表观黏度预测

对辽河超稠油表观黏度与温度、剪切速率的关系进行了全面的研究,结果表明超稠油的表观黏度是温度与剪切速率的函数,表观黏度随温度的升高而减小,随剪切速率的增大而减小.运用人工神经网络的方法来模拟各种影响因素与超稠油表观黏度之间的映射关系,建立了超稠油表观黏度的预测模型.这种方法综合考虑了温度、剪切速率对超稠油表观黏度的影响,模型所需参数少、计算简单、预测精度较高,为原油管道工艺计算和管道运行提供了较精确的黏度参数.     

石油焦灰分与原料性质的关系分析

对辽河超稠油和辽河稠油减压渣油两种焦化原料的性质进行了评价,分析了不同原料对石油焦收率、灰分含量及灰分组成的影响,同时探讨了原油开采及加工过程中使用的助剂、腐蚀等因素对石油焦灰分的影响。结果表明,金属元素并不是影响石油焦灰分的惟一因素;利用劣质焦化原料进行延迟焦化加工时,必须采取有效的预处理措施降低构成石油焦灰分的相关组分浓度,才能提高石油焦的品质。     

稠油微波脱水的实验研究

稠油由于黏度高、比重大,脱水具有很大的技术困难.利用微波辐射进行了稠油脱水的室内实验,对微波脱水与常规热沉降脱水方法进行了比较,并研究了微波处理方式和原油含水率对微波脱水效果的影响规律.研究表明,稠油微波脱水较常规加热沉降脱水效果好、速度快,具有较好的发展前景,微波功率、作用时间、乳化液含水率等参数对稠油微波脱水效果有较大影响.研究结果对于稠油微波脱水技术的实际应用具有指导意义.     

长冲程节能抽油机的分析与应用

以加快浅层超稠油开采效率为前提,把浅层超稠油开采过程作为一个系统来分析研究,重点论述浅层超稠油开采中抽油机的设计解决方案。实现小型机的长冲程、低冲次,实现大泵大排量深抽,提高排液速度,充分地高效利用在注汽时建立的注汽热焓,保证地面集输油的温度,延长稠油生产周期。通过解决目前在稠油开采工艺中,抽油机设计和使用中存在的不足之处,延长机杆泵抽油设备的系统使用寿命,使之具有适应稠油开采工艺特点,同时也适用于稀油井和稠油水平井上,对油田产能建设的理论研究和实践运用,提高经济和社会效益具有重要意义和深远的影响。     

微生物降解作用对稠油理化性质的影响

微生物采油技术(MEOR)的主要机理之一就是利用微生物降解原油中的胶质、沥青质等重质组分,降低原油粘度和凝固点,以达到改善原油物化性质的目的。利用从原油及含油污水中分离、选育出能有效降解稠油中重组分的菌种对青海、胜利、辽河、大港等油田的稠油进行了微生物降解实验,分析了细菌降解对原油饱和烃、芳烃以及胶质、沥青质各组分在原油中相对含量和内部组成的影响。结果表明,细菌作用引起原油性质发生明显变化,原油中胶质、沥青质含量降低9%以上,其组成和结构也发生了一定的变化,原油饱和烃轻重组分比值变大,粘度和凝固点分别降低15%和20%左右,大大改善了原油的物化性质。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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