结构参数对直通穿孔管消声器消声性能影响的数值分析

直通穿孔管消声器具有良好的消声性能和低的压力损失,广泛应用于内燃机进排气噪声控制.为了深入认识其消声性能,文章应用有限元数值分析方法,详细讨论了结构参数对消声性能的影响,结果证明:共振腔体积相同时横截面形状对消声性能影响很小;穿孔管消声器的长度既影响消声频率又影响消声量;消声器共振腔径向尺寸增加,低频消声量增加,共振频率移向低频;穿孔管壁厚、穿孔率和穿孔孔径的改变对低频消声量无影响,主要影响共振频率及中频消声性能.     

基于响应面法的乘用车消声器声学性能优化

针对某乘用车车内、外消声器中频段(0.5~1.5kHz)降噪能力较差的问题,利用响应面法对消声器在中频段的传递损失进行优化.首先,采用Latin超立方法对插入管长度、穿孔板位置和穿孔率等设计变量进行采样,采用声学有限元法计算各样本点在中频段的传递损失;然后,利用Kriging模型建立中频段传递损失的响应面模型,并验证其计算精度;最后,利用遗传算法对该响应面模型的计算结果进行优化.结果表明,与优化前消声器在中频段的传递损失(27.05dB)相比,优化后消声器在中频段的传递损失(41.38dB)增加了14.33dB,其消声性能得到了明显改善.     

小排量发动机消声器性能仿真计算与优化研究

为满足严格的汽车噪声法规以及对汽车舒适度的需求,课题组以某款汽油机消声器为研究对象,将传递损失作为消声性能的评价指标,基于ANSYS软件建立消声器有限元模型,并通过SYSNOIS软件对其模型进行分析计算。利用建模方法模拟分析消声器各个扩张腔的性能,通过模拟实验可以得出以下结论：实验测试消声器第一、第二扩张腔对中低频消声效果较差;由原排气消声器传递损失分析结果可知,第一、第二扩张腔进出口处增加内插管的结构方案最优。仿真结果表明：当进口内插管、出口内插管长度正好为扩张腔长度的0.5倍与0.25倍时,此结构优化方案可有效提高排气消声器的消声性能。     

基于响应面模型与遗传算法的机床立柱优化

针对机床立柱优化问题,提出了一种将响应面模型与遗传算法相结合的优化设计方法。采用拉丁立方试验的设计方法,在设计空间中抽取样本点并进行数值模拟,建立了立柱最大变形、一阶固有频率及质量的响应面模型。利用遗传算法对响应面模型进行优化,得到了Pareto最优解集。实验结果表明:与原先的设计方案相比,优化后的立柱质量减轻了7.2%,最大变形量和前六阶固有频率有不同程度的改善。该文所提出的方法较适用于机床及类似复杂结构的参数优化设计。     

基于响应面法的复合材料舱壁结构优化设计

为减轻船舶结构重量,提高船舶的承运能力,造船企业逐渐考虑采用复合材料结构替代常规的钢制舱壁结构。为得到最佳的舱壁结构设计参数,提出了一种将响应面模型与遗传算法相结合的优化设计方法。采用Box-Behnken设计方法,在设计空间中抽取样本点并进行模拟,建立舱壁最大变形、最大Mises应力及质量的响应面模型。利用遗传算法对响应面模型进行优化,得到Pareto最优解。仿真实验表明:与原先的钢制舱壁方案,优化后的质量减轻了约23%,最大变形基本与钢制舱壁方案一致。研究结果表明所提出的方案适用于工程结构多参数优化设计。     

基于响应面法和遗传算法的某SUV前悬优化

为了提高SUV的操纵稳定性,实现越野车型前悬架性能的优化,以某SUV的前悬架为研究对象,以多体动力学为基础,利用ADAMS/Car软件建立了某中大型SUV的前悬架装配动力学模型.采用灵敏度分析选取对前轮定位参数影响大的关键点作为优化变量,基于响应面法建立了3种阶次的响应面模型.在MATLAB中运用遗传算法得到了响应面模型目标函数的最优解,最后对各优化结果进行对比分析.研究结果表明响应面法能较精确地表示前轮定位参数,遗传算法优化可以明显减小前轮同向跳动过程中定位参数的变化量.     

计算机辅助消声器开发系统研究

介绍了一种计算机辅助消声器开发系统．它通过所建立的消声器三维模型对排气消声器的插入损失进行计算,考虑到消声器的各个主要结构参数对消声性能的影响,采用正交设计方法,根据消声量的要求对消声器结构参数进行优化．利用VBA对AutoCAD进行二次开发,完成了性能计算程序与结构绘图程序间的数据共享,实现了消声器结构图的自动绘制及编辑．试验结果表明：该开发系统是有效的．     

数控内齿强力珩齿机床身结构的多目标优化

床身是数控内齿强力珩齿机的关键零部件之一,为实现床身质量、一阶固有频率和最大变形量的综合优化,文章提出一种将响应面模型与遗传算法相结合的优化设计方法,对主要设计参数进行中心复合实验设计.在实验设计的基础上,对设计参数进行灵敏度分析并建立响应面模型,利用遗传算法对响应面模型进行优化设计,结合生产工艺确定最佳优化方案.以Y...     

采用仿真软件GT-Power和Fluent的消声器声学和流场分析

某新车型怠速噪声严重超标,通过仿真软件GT-Power和Fluent仿真分析明确了消声器低频消声不足的原因及结构缺陷.提出了横流穿孔结构的前消声器结构,并改进了主消声器的穿孔形式. GT-Power仿真和试验结果表明,消声器低频消声性能得到提高,无载和带载怠速噪声分别降低超过4dB(A)和3dB(A),三挡全油门尾管总噪声及排气背压均满足技术要求.     

汽车排气消声器的实验与改进设计

通过消声器的插入损失实验，分析了微型车消声器消声后的声音频谱特征，识别出未被消声器抑制的有害噪声源。建立了该消声器的有限元模型，利用ANSYS分析软件，对消声器的声结构进行了声场分析，获得了该消声器的消声频谱特征。基于实验和数值分析结果，并根据抗性消声理论改进了该消声器的结构参数及布置形式，设计出一种新型抗性消声器。对新设计的消声器的消声性能进行台架实验验证。结果表明，设计的消声器消声量提高3－5dB。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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