用纤维素酶改善烟用醋酯纤维的表面性能

为了提高烟用醋酯纤维的降焦减害性能，采用纤维素酶对烟用醋酯纤维进行表面处理，通过水解达到醋酯纤维表面的改性，增加其比表面积，提高了吸附过滤性能。     

熟条HVI测试性能与转杯纱强力之间关系的研究

选取30种纯棉普梳熟条,分别生产58.3tex和18.22tex转杯纱,再用多种数学方法分析熟条HVI测试性能与转杯纱强力之间的关系。结论对实际生产中的配棉、熟条生产工艺的优化以及成纱质量控制都有一定的指导意义。     

The Dissolution of the Cellulose in the N - ethylmorpholine - N - oxide (NMMO) - Water System with Hydrothermolysis

Tbe N - methylmorpholine - N - oxide (NMMO) - water solvent was used to dissolve the cellulose that was achieved by means of hydrothermolysis. Sample B, RS and WS used here were made from beech, rice straw and wheat straw respectively. They could be completely dissolved in the NMMO - water system. A commercial a - cellulose was employed in the comparative experiment. The entire dissolving process was Investigated. At a given temperature, the vacuum condition applied to the mixture of the cellulose and NMMO - water was very important in order to accelerate the dissolution of cellulose and shorten the dissolving period. After dissolution, degree of polymerization (DP) of all samples was measured by viscometry. Longer dissolving time and higher temperature could cause the degradation of the dissolved cellulose. N- propyl gallate could prevent the degradation of cellulose during the process of dissolution.     

棉同再生纤维素纤维混纺成分分析的研究

棉同再生纤维素纤维混纺产品的成分分析一直是纺织品化验检验工作中的难点之一.该文就检验过程中常见的问题和难点,结合作者的工作经验,从定性、定量分析(包括溶解法和物理法)两方面,以实验数据为依托进行了研究,并就这些问题的解决提出了一些方法和建议.     

植物纤维纳米化拆解分离与高值利用

 为进一步阐述机械剪切对植物纤维纳米化拆解分离的作用机制,采用超微细磨-微射流纳米均质化联合的方法制备纤维素纳米纤丝,对其微观形貌、晶体结构、分子聚合度等特性进行综合表征,并探讨了其新型功能材料的主要性能与应用前景。结果表明,微射流纳米均质化特有的剪切方式能拆解分离超微细磨产生的大径级“顽固”微纤丝束（团）,提高纤维整体性能。纤维素纳米纤丝直径8~40 nm,长约数微米,在溶液中高度网状交联;保持原料纤维的晶型,结晶度降至44%,分子聚合度降低32%。其自组装薄膜力学性能好、透光性强,是新型集成电路、显示器材、光学材料的良好基材。纤维经过功能化修饰后,获得的新型功能材料质轻多孔、绿色环保、性能可裁剪设计,在污水（空气）净化处理、高效催化、智能控制等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。     

也谈纤维素纤维断裂机理

纤维素纤维断裂机理,目前有"链断说"和"链滑说"两种.这两种说法均是片面的.在纤维素纤维的微结构中,存在着折叠链、穿插链、卷曲链、交错链、晶格畸变等"缺陷",因此其断裂过程是一种"各个击破"的综合过程.     

液晶纤维素及其衍生物材料的结构与性能

基于国内外最新研究文献，系统论述了液晶纤维素及其衍生物薄膜、纤维、功能分离膜、交联凝胶等材料的成型、结构与性能。指出这类液晶聚合物具有胆甾相或向列相液晶态。与各向同性态的同种材料相比，各向异性态的液晶纤维素及其衍生物材料具有更优异性能。双轴取向液晶三乙酸纤维素薄膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别可310MPa和6．3GPa；由液晶态干湿法纺丝所获得的高分子量纤维素纤维的抗张强度和弹性模量分别可高达2．2GPa和65GPa。液晶纤维素及其衍生物分离膜也表现出高得多的气体选择透过性能。其液晶交联凝胶中，凝胶所占质量分数高达98％，以及具有显著不同于各向同性态凝胶的液胀行为。液晶纤维素及其衍生物可望作为生产高级包装膜、功能纤维、气体分离膜、各向异性功能凝胶等的重要材料。     

磁性纳米复合纤维及磁性纸的制备与性能研究

以云杉纤维为原料,采用原位复合方法制备纤维素/磁性纳米复合纤维。用X-射线衍射、FTIR、SEM、AFM对样品的结构进行表征,用SQUID测定样品的磁性能。结果表明,磁性粒子在云杉纤维上以表面复合为主,腔内复合较少,其晶体类型主要为-Fe2O3,粒径为20～100nm;磁性测定显示样品具有超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度Ms为14.7emu/g纤维。以不同方式将复合纤维添加到抄纸系统,制备了多层复合及磁性纳米复合纤维呈取向分布的磁性纸。与单独用磁性纤维抄造的纸相比,将磁性纤维与植物纤维配抄或抄造成多层复合纸后,纸页白度提高,强度性能显著改善,并具有较好的磁性能。     

季铵阳离子纤维素醚的合成

以碱性棉短绒纤维素为原料、3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为醚化剂,合成了季铵盐阳离子纤维素醚,对NaOH与醚化剂的摩尔比、醚化反应温度、时间等因素对合成产物的影响进行了分析,并采用红外光谱对产物的结构进行了鉴定.实验发现:在25℃下,经30%的NaOH溶液处理1 h的纤维素保水值高,反应性能良好;在异丙醇稀释剂中,NaOH和醚化剂的摩尔比为1.2、醚化反应温度为45℃、反应时间为3 h时,醚化产物的取代度达1.15.分别用甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和丙酮作醚化反应稀释剂,发现产物性能随有机稀释剂的溶度参数——氢键分量的减小而提高,其中以丙酮作为稀释剂制备出的产物取代度为1.19,透光率为98.1%,性能最优异.红外光谱分析证实棉短绒纤维素实现了阳离子化.     

Effects of Coagulation Conditions on Tensile Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

The effects of coagulation conditions on tensile properties of the regenerated cellulose fibers prepared by wet-spinning from NaOH/thiourea/urea(8∶6.5∶8 by weight)aqueous solvent were investigated by tensile tester,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the tensile properties of the as-spun fibers change with the coagualtion concentration,temperature,and time.When the spinning solution is coagulated in 10% H2SO4/12.5% Na2SO4 aqueous solution,the as-spun fibers hav...     

The Structure Development of Cellulose Dissolved in the Phosphoric Acid/ Polyphosphoric Acid Solvent

Cdlulose,being as the most abundant nature polymer material and the most promising oil substitute,attracts more and more interests.A new cellulose dissolution system,phosphoric acid ( PA)/polyphosphori...     

残留溶剂对连续莫来石纤维干法纺丝的影响

以干法纺丝制备连续莫来石纤维,研究残留溶剂质量分数在纺程上的变化以及甬道温度、纤维直径对其影响.实验结果显示:沿平行纺丝线方向,残留溶剂质量分数的变化分为3个阶段,变化最快的阶段在距离喷丝板1m长度范围内,残留溶剂质量分数变化量占全程变化总量的60%～63%;沿垂直纺丝线方向,溶剂蒸发分为2个阶段,通过计算机模拟得到了残留溶剂在纤维横截面上的分布曲线.相同实验条件下,纺丝甬道温度升高30℃,残留溶剂质量分数降低2%～3%;纤维直径增大30μm,残留溶剂质量分数减少1%～2%.在实验范围内,最佳纺丝甬道温度为80℃,最佳纤维直径为80～90μm.     

微结构光纤800nm处的色散特性研究

应用多极法对800nm处微结构光纤的色散特性进行了数值模拟;研究了包层空气孔直径、孔间距等数对色散特性的影响,得到了色散随各个结构参数变化的规律;设计了在800nm处具有近零超平坦色散的光纤结构;在0.79～0.81μm波段内色散值D的绝对值小于0.5ps/(nm.km).     

基于RCM的纤维素纤维引气道面混凝土力学性能研究

在普通道面混凝土中加入纤维素纤维和引气剂,配制纤维素纤维引气道面混凝土,进行抗压强度和抗折强度试验。采用RSM方法,利用Design Expert统计分析软件,对纤维素纤维引气道面混凝土的力学试验结果进行模型拟合,分析含气量和纤维素纤维掺量各自变量及其交互作用对混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明：含气量对混凝土的抗压强度影响显著,纤维素纤维掺量的影响则较弱;含气量和纤维素纤维掺量对抗压强度的交互作用不显著;含气量对混凝土抗折强度影响的显著程度稍大于纤维素纤维掺量;含气量和纤维素纤维掺量对抗折强度的交互作用显著。     

溶剂的选取对热交联CTP版材性能的影响

本文中叙述了溶剂的挥发程度,挥发速率对版材性能的影响,通过把乙二醇独乙醚丙酮,乙二醇独乙醚乙酸酯,环己酮等分别做为溶剂或两种溶剂的混合物与成膜树脂,红外吸收染料,碘盐,酸增值剂,交联剂,背景染料等其它助剂配制成热敏CTP感光液,并且对热敏CTP版材的化学性能和成像质量进行比较和分析,得出乙二醇独乙醚与环己酮的混合物溶剂对版材的成像效果最佳.     

纤维素纤维的生产新方法

介绍了近年来出现的几种纤维素纤维的生产新方法,包括NMMO法、NaOH法、ZnCl_2法、氨基甲酸酯法,从生产过程、纤维性能等方面进行了阐述,认为上述方法具有良好的工业发展前景。     

Study on the Structure and Properties of Polynosic Fiber Treated by Alkali

The regenerated cellulose fibers, made from wood pulp, have excellent physical properties like cotton fiber. Especially polynosic fibers can be mercerized by alkali, but conventional Viscose fiber can not be treated or mercerized by alkali. The paper studies on behavior of polynosic fibers treated by alkali, including physical properties, such as weight loss, tensile strength and elongation, and fiber structures properties. In this paper, on the basis of study on polynosic fibers treated by alkali, the conclusions were drawn as following. Firstly, polynosic fiber is good at alkali resistance. Secondly, the changes of fiber structure and physical properties begin declining at 5 wt% NaOH concentration and reverse changes take place at 10 wt%.     

Solubility Behaviour of Cellulose in a Sodium Hydrate/Urea/Thiourea Aqueous Solvent

Cellulose pulps were directly dissolved in a green solvent of sodium hydrate/urea/thiourea/water with different composition for the purpose to prepare new regenerated cellulose fibers or films. The results showed that the highest solubility of cellulose in the solvent with the composition of 8/8/6.5/77.5. The results revealed that the pulp feeding sequence, stirring rate, pre-treatment of pulp and pulp size affected the cellulose concentration in the green solvent. Accordingly, the more effective dissolution method was proposed in order to get higher concentration of cellulose. Furthermore, the properties of solution prepared by different kinds of pulps in the solvent were investigated by ARES rheometer. Rheologieal analyses indicated that all cellulose aqueous solutions in their high concentration were pseudoplastic fluids and sensitive to temperature and tended to transform to gel when temperature increased.     

溶剂对高碘酸钠氧化纤维素的影响

以高碘酸钠溶液为氧化剂,在非均相条件下氧化纤维素,研究了溶剂等因素的影响.结果表明,含羟基溶剂对氧化反应有显著影响,能明显缩短反应时间,提高氧化纤维素中醛基的含量.当溶剂为5%(V/V)C2H5OH时,在适宜条件下,产物中醛基的质量百分含量可达0.561 2%,纤维素回收率为90.50%.     

软木纤维素蒸汽闪爆改性后成膜性能

利用蒸汽闪爆对软木纤维素进行活化,然后直接溶解在质量分数为9.5%的NaOH和质量分数为1.0%的尿素混合溶液中,采用质量分数为2%～25%的H2SO4作为凝固浴进行成膜实验.通过X射线衍射、红外分析、扫描电镜和拉力测试等对所制备的膜进行分析,结果表明:成膜后纤维素晶型由Cell-Ⅰ转变为Cell-Ⅱ,所制备的膜为多孔膜,孔径可以通过改变凝固浴的质量分数而得到相应调整,且表面孔径大于内部孔径.质量分数为5%的H2SO4为最佳凝固浴,得到具有最大拉伸强度88.7 Mpa和断裂伸长率4.1%的纤维素膜.