“Double dawn” eclipse and the rotational variation of the earth

A record of “double dawn” at State Zheng in the first year of the reign of King Yi in Western Zhou Dynasty in the chronicle “Bamboo Annals” (Zhushu Jinian) is discussed. We think that it may be a record of an annular solar eclipse happening in 899 BC. The record and the †T, which describes the secular variation of the earth’s rotation, are analyzed and discussed.     

中国古代的日食起讫算法

中国古代历法中的日食起讫算法是为了计算日食的初亏和复满时刻而设计的,该算法为《皇极历》所首创,此后历法均有涉及.通过构造日食起讫算法的理论模型,证实日食起讫算法应与月亮视差有关,中国古代的历法中,只有《钦天历》设计的日食起讫算法成功地考虑了月亮视差,由此指出中国古代日食起讫算法的一个缺陷.     

Ionospheric responses to a total solar eclipse deduced by the GPS beacon observations

The total electron content (TEC) data during the total eclipse of March 9, 1997 were collected, which were observed by means of nine GPS receivers located at the eastern Asia. The responses of total TEC to the eclipse were analyzed. The results show that: 1) the eclipse led to apparent decrement in TEC that lasted for six to eight hours; 2) the maximum decrement occurred after the middle of the eclipse with time-delays varying from twenty minutes to about three hours; 3) the maximum absolute deviations of TEC on the eclipse day do not show a simple and consistent relationship to the maximum solar obscuration. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(49684002) Biography: CHEN An-hua (1976-), female, Master candidate. Research interests: studying ionosphere by GPS beacons.     

A comparative study on 3-D solar wind structure observed by Ulysses and MHD simulation

Ulysses, which was a joint NASA/ESA probe to studythe sun and launched in October of 1990, has been thefirst spacecraft to explore the high latitudinal regions ofheliosphere till now[1]. One of its main scientific purposeswas to observe the latitudinal structures of solar wind pa-rameters, such as velocity, density, mass flux, magneticfield, etc.[1―4]. During its first rapid pole-to-pole transitcovering heliographic latitudes of ±80° from September of1994 to June of 1995, Ulysses observ…     

引力波传播速度求法的研究

据日全食时的现象能够得出:在真空中,引力波的传播速度和光波的传播速度相等.     

1997-03-09日全食的甚低频观测与分析

在1997-03-09发生日全食期间,在河南省新乡市对Alpha甚低频(VLF)信号的观测试验发现,日全食对VLF信号传播特性有很大的影响,明显引起VLF相位滞后.讨论了日全食对VLF信号传播影响的机理,并用"波导模"理论对这种影响进行了理论计算.计算结果表明:VLF传播路径穿越日全食主食带的情况下,VLF相速比正常情况减小的最大值约为0.101%~0.118%;VLF传播路径穿越80%日偏食带的情况下,该值约为0.064%~0.082%.     

中国古代正史31次日全（环）食记录的研究

古代日全（环）食记录一般表示为“日有食之,既”。本收集整理了中国古代正史３１次日全（环）食记录,用现代４种不同计算日食的方法,给出了当时国都等地的见食情况－食甚时刻和食分;同时对这些全（环）食资料的可靠性进行了分析和评判,并试图给出一个较为合理料,方可进一步用于地球自转长期变化等课题的研究。     

日食对地球元素谱线波长的影响

1987年9月23日日食期,日食观测组拍摄了地球元素H,D,Ca,Fe,…的发射光谱(光源和仪器安置在同一实验室内),首次发现在日食期地球元素谱线波长发生变化,H,D,Ca谱线波长的相对变化达10~(-4)量级。     

Rocket UV flash spectra from the solar eclipse of March 7, 1970

Flash spectra of the total solar eclipse throughout all its phases have been obtained in the extreme ultraviolet for the first time.     

Determination of vertical gradient of gravity anomaly with topographic data

The role of vertical gradient of gravlty anomaly in the solution and interpretation of geological and geophysical problems on superficial layer is increasingly evident. However, it is difficult to directly observe the vertical gradient of gravity anomaly in mountainous area. Moreover, aerial and satellite gravity gradient measurments have not been put into practice up to date yet. The vertical gradient of gravity anomaly is calculated by use of topographic data and several problems concerned are investigated and discussed. It turns out in theory and practice that the relative error of the vertical gradient determined with the method is only 5%. and when the vertical gradient of gravrty anomaly reaches the maximum 1 000 ns⁻², the error is only 50 ns⁻². In addition, how to divide ring zones in calculation and the errors caused by the inaccuracy of landform elevation and rock density has been quantitatively analysed.     

Analysis of ionospheric anomalies before the 2011 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>w</Subscript> 9.0 Japan earthquake

On March 11, 2011, a large earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. This paper investigates preearthquake ionospheric anomalies during the earthquake period, using data from global navigation satellite systems and ionosonde stations near the epicenter. A clear anomaly that occurred on March 8 lasted 6 hours. Eliminating ionospheric anomalies that may have been caused by solar activities and magnetic storms, we believe that a positive anomaly on March 8 was very possibly an ionospheric precursor. The affected ionospheric area on March 8, which is evident on a vertical total electron content distribution map, extended to 50° in longitude and 20° in latitude, with length ratio approximately 3:1. The anomaly peak arose from 15:00-19:00 LT, and its location did not coincide with the vertical projection of the epicenter, but was instead to its south. Corresponding ionospheric anomalies are also observed in the magnetically conjugated region. There were no obvious ionospheric anomalies in other parts of the world. To analyze changes in the ionospheric anomaly, computerized ionospheric tomography technology was used to invert the spatial and temporal distribution of electron density in the ionosphere. The ionospheric anomaly on March 8, 2011 is suggested to be an ionospheric precursor of the March 11 earthquake in Japan.     

Recent progress in solar physics made during the program of 2008 August 1st solar total eclipse

The development of solar physics is presented from the program of 2008 total eclipse in China, including the presentations in the international workshop in this period and some observational results of the solar eclipse.     

Tomographic Study of Ionospheric Effects Associated with a Solar Eclipse

This paper studies the ionospheric effects associated with the solar eclipse of October 24th, 1995 by means of Computerized Ionospheric Tomography (CIT). Since the reconstructed profiles from experimental CIT are sporadically located in time, a time domain interpolation method based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique is proposed and applied to extract the ionospheric effects. The effects can be extracted by comparison analysis between the interpolated CIT profiles of the eclipse days and that of the reference day that are time-aligned. A series of figs have been obtained showing the attenuation of photonization effect at low altitudes and the weakening of plasma's transportation process at high altitudes, etc. The photonization effect recovered to normal level soon after the last contact. The maximum electron density diminishing is observed about 2 h after the eclipse maximum and the effects seem vanished in the hours followed. Analysis on vertical TEC's latitudinal-temporal variation gives     

Detection of the translational oscillations of the Earth＇s solid inner core based on the international superconducting gravimeter observations

Based on the 21 series of the high precision tidal gravity observations recorded using superconducting gravimeters (SG) at 14 stations distributed globally (in to-tally about 86 years), the translational oscillations of the Earth抯 solid inner core (ESIC) is detected in this paper. All observations are divided into two groups with G-Ⅰ group (8 relatively longer observational series) and G-Ⅱ group (13 relatively shorter observational series). The detailed correc-tions to minute original observations for each station are carried out, the error data due to the earthquakes, power supply impulses and some perturbations as change in at-mospheric pressure and so on are carefully deleted for the first step, the gravity residuals are obtained after removing further synthetic tidal gravity signals. The Fast Fourier Transform analysis is carried out for each residual series, the estimations of the product spectral densities in the sub-tidal band are obtained by using a multi-station staking technique. The 8 common peaks are found after further removing the remaining frequency dependent pressure signals. The eigen-periods, quality factors and resonant strengths for these peaks are simulated. The numerical results show that the discrepancies of the eigenperiods for 3 of 8 peaks, compared to those of theoretical computation given by Smith, are only 0.4%, -0.4% and 1.0%. This coincidence signifies that the dynamical phenomenon of the Earths solid inner core can be detected by using high precision ground gravity observations. The reliability of the numerical computation is also checked, the spectral peak splitting phenomenon induced by Earths rotation and ellipticity is preliminary discussed in this paper.     

Validating global hydrological models by ground and space gravimetry

The long-term continuous gravity observations obtained by the superconducting gravimeters (SG) at seven globally-distributed stations are comprehensively analyzed. After removing the signals related to the Earth’s tides and variations in the Earth’s rotation, the gravity residuals are used to describe the seasonal fluctuations in gravity field. Meanwhile, the gravity changes due to the air pressure loading are theoretically modeled from the measurements of the local air pressure, and those due to land water...     

Detection of the special gravity signals in sub-tidal band by using wavelet technique

With the rapid increase of the requirements to geo-dynamics of the Earth’s deep interior in global basic sciences and space techniques, the theoretical study and experimental detection of the geodynamic phenomena in Earth’s liquid core (ELC) and Earth’…     

中国古代日食食限与食分算法

中国古代天文学家设计的食分算法与食限的大小及定义方式密切相关,而后者又受到月亮视差的影响,因此,传统历法中日食食分的计算是一个比较复杂的问题。中国古代天文学家将日食食限定义为日食视食甚时刻视月亮到视黄白交点的距离,使得他们所设计的日食食分算法具有明晰的天文意义。在论述中国历法家对日食食限的定义方法以及基于这种定义而给出的简明的日食食分算法的基础上,将中国古代日食食限与食分算法的历史沿革划分为三大阶段。     

日月食限的计算

日月食的观测对太阳物理学、天文学及其它相关学科的研究有重要意义．然而准确的日月食预报却离不开日月食限的计算．本文研究了日月食计算方法，力求简单易懂，以便于课堂教学和进行科普教育．     

1997年3月9日日食时的日冕结构和光度测量

在１９９７ 年３ 月９ 日日全食时, 我们于黑龙江省漠河市（ 西林吉） 作了一系列日冕的照相观测不同感光的日冕像上显示出赤道东西的宽冕流、两极区冕洞、极羽和２０ 多条极射线等结构特征本文综合一些日冕像的形态结构和亮度测量结果,给出日冕的形态结构图、等亮度图、两极区和赤道区东西的亮度分布图     

Enhanced anti-sunward flow near local noon during a period of horizontal IMF and high solar wind velocity <Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Y</Emphasis></Subscript>

It is believed that a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is mainly responsible for the energy input from solar wind into the magnetosphere. This paper presents an unusual case of strong anti-sunward plasma flow (up to 2 km/s) in the polar cap ionosphere and large cross-polar cap potential (CPCP) during a period of horizontal IMF (|B _Z | < 2 nT) observed by both ACE (at the L1 point) and Geotail (on the dusk flank of the magnetosheath). The CPCP is even higher than that under preceding B _Z ≈ −23 nT. Furthermore, GOES8 observed that the magnetosheath field turns northward as the anti-sunward plasma flow and CPCP start to increase, which implies that the magnetosheath field interacting with the Earth’s magnetopause has significantly rotated and differs from the IMF observed by ACE and Geotail. In accordance with previous theoretical work, we suggest that the magnetic field line draping produces a southward magnetosheath field and enhances anti-sunward plasma flow and the CPCP.