太湖湖风个例分析

利用太湖周边19个气象站及太湖中尺度通量观测网4个涡动通量观测站逐时风向、风速及温度的数据,以及苏州市6 min一次的风廓线雷达观测数据,对太湖2012年6月7日湖风的风、温及边界层高度特征进行了分析。结果表明,由于北岸及东岸存在苏州、无锡等城市,城市热岛环流与湖风环流相耦合,北岸和东岸湖风产生时间早于西岸和南岸。在湖风旺盛发展时刻,北岸及东岸的风向偏转速度大于南岸及西岸。湖风环流的垂直高度变化显著,在湖风发展最旺盛的14:00,湖风边界层高度可达550 m。     

海南岛地区大气边界层高度的时空变化特征

利用WRF模式模拟分析海南岛及其邻近海区的大气边界层高度时空变化特征。结果表明, 海南岛春夏季北部开阔地区平均边界层较高, 约500~600 m; 秋冬季海岛的西北?东?东南沿岸的半环绕地带平均边界层较高, 约500~700 m; 岛内中南部山区平均边界层高度较低且季节变化不大, 数值约200~500 m。各季盛行风向及海风发展因素与平均边界层的空间分布之间有良好的对应关系。海岛周边海区秋冬季平均边界层高度约500~800 m, 春夏季约100~500 m, 呈秋冬季高、春夏季低的季节变化特征。岛内边界层高度最大值出现在春夏季, 可达1800 m以上; 沿岸地区边界层高度最大值出现在秋冬季, 约1300~1500 m。海南岛岛内区域具有典型的陆面大气边界层日变化规律; 沿海地带受盛行风向的影响, 向岸流和离岸流时边界层日变化分别表现为海洋性和陆地性的特点。     

保定‒雄安地区近地面大气流动与轨迹输送特征

基于2016—2017年22个地面气象站点的观测资料和NECP-fnl数据, 使用CALMET风场诊断模式, 计算保定?雄安地区两个年份的逐时风场和每日输送轨迹。根据风场与流动轨迹特性, 从大气扩散输送的角度, 将当地大气流动划分为系统大风型、局地环流型与弱系统影响型 3 类。统计分析结果表明: 大气流动3个类型的大致比例为10%, 50%和40%; 系统大风型流动的占比较低, 且春夏季较多, 秋冬季较少; 局地环流型流动以秋冬季较多, 春夏季较少; 弱系统影响型的出现频率在全年变化不大, 但在秋冬季出现频率稍低; 大气流动受西北部山地影响, 山地-平原风可控制山前约100 km的范围, 覆盖保定市和雄安新区大部; 山地-平原风的转换可在山前区域形成部分时段的小风状况; 该地区大气输送的主要路径是西南-东北方向, 对应大尺度背景流动情况; 西北-东南方向的横向输送距离较短, 对应山地-平原风地形环流的影响; 在系统大风和弱系统影响下, 冬春季会出现部分直接向东南方向的输送轨迹。     

青藏高原对亚洲季风平均环流影响的数值试验

利用垂直方向具有９层σ面、水平方向菱形截断波数为１５的全球大气环流谱模式和有、无青藏高原大地形两种情况下１０年积分的模拟结果，研究了青藏高原大地形对亚洲季风平均环流的影响。结果表明：有、无青藏高原大地形，亚洲冬、夏季季风平均环流均存在很大的差异。去除地形，使夏季高层的南亚高压、低层的大陆热低压、副热带高压及冬季的大陆冷高压在位置或强度上发生了改变；地形的有、无决定着冬季东亚大槽的强度；索马里越赤道气流有地形时明显较无地形时强；地形的有无还影响着降水强度和雨带的分布。另外，副热带高压中心及雨带的季节性移动与高原大地形的存在与否亦有很大的关系     

Simulation of meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea with an idealized bottom topography

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific. Several important water gateways exist around the SCS, such as Luzon Strait, Taiwan Strait, etc., that lie in the northeastern SCS, and others like Kalimantan Strait, Balawan Strait, etc., lie in the south. Luzon Strait connects the SCS and Pacific via the Philippine Sea, and its water exchange has significant impact on the interior circulations of the SCS[1]. Since direct observation data about the …     

Simulation or meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea with an idealized bottom topography

The large-scale upper circulations and meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea (SCS) with idealized bottom topography in winter and summer are investigated. Simulations with the GFDL general circulation model are carried out under the conditions of open or enclosed boundary regarding transport in the Luzon Strait. The intrusion area of Kuroshio, its impact on the meridional overturning in the upper layer of the SCS and seasonal characteristic of this impact are explored, respectively. The model is forced by climatological wind stress and relaxed to monthly mean climatological temperature and salinity. The resultant meridional overturning is non-enclosed, wit htransporting from north to south in the surface and returning to north at the depth of about 500 m in winter, about 200 m in summer, with amplitudes of 10^5 m^3/s. It shows the transporting path of intermediate water of the SCS and offers an idealized reference for further study on dynamics of wind-driven and thermohaline circulation of the SCS.     

宽厚板坯连铸结晶器流场、温度场及应力场的耦合数值模拟

利用ProCAST软件对2400 mm×400 mm宽厚板坯结晶器建立三维动态模型,采用移动边界法实现结晶器内流场、温度场及应力场的耦合模拟.结果表明：考虑凝固坯壳的影响,下回流区位置向铸坯中心靠拢,真实反映了钢液在连铸结晶器内的流动情况.自由液面的钢液从窄面流向水口,速度先增大后减小,距水口约0.7 m处,出现最大表面流速,约为0.21 m· s-1.结晶器出口坯壳窄面中心厚度最小且由中心向两侧逐渐增大,最小厚度约为10.4 mm;受流股冲击影响较弱的宽面坯壳与窄面相比生长更均匀,宽面偏角部和中心的坯壳厚度分别为18.9 mm和27.6 mm.铸坯坯壳应力变化趋势与温度基本保持一致,表明初凝坯壳应力主要是热应力.结晶器内铸坯宽窄面上的等效应力均沿着结晶器高度下降方向呈增大趋势,铸坯角部、宽面中心及窄面中心位置的最大应力各约为200、100和25 MPa.     

Linkage between winter sea surface temperature east of Australia and summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and a possible physical mechanism

The relationship between winter sea surface temperature (SST) east of Australia and summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and a possibly related physical mechanism were investigated using observation data. It is found that winter SST east of Australia is correlated positively to summer precipitation in the Yangtze River valley. When the SST east of Australia becomes warmer in winter, the western Pacific subtropical high and the East Asian westerly jet tend to shift southward the following summer, concurrent with low-level southwesterly anomalies over eastern China. These conditions favor precipitation increase in the Yangtze River valley, whereas the opposite conditions favor precipitation decrease. The influence of winter SST east of Australia on East Asian summer atmospheric circulations may occur in two ways. First, by an anomalous SST signal east of Australia in winter that persists through the following summer, thus affecting East Asian atmospheric circulations via the inter-hemispheric teleconnection. Second, when the SST east of Australia is warmer in winter, higher SST appears simultaneously in the southwest Indian Ocean and subsequently develops eastward by local air-sea interaction. As a result, the SST in the Maritime Continent increases in summer, which may lead to an anomalous change in East Asian summer atmospheric circulations through its impact on convection.     

黄河孟—兰段南北两岸降水变化对比分析

利用1971-2008年黄河孟兰段南北两岸10个气象站的月降水气象资料,对38年来两岸年、季平均降水进行时空分析,结果表明:①两岸年平均降水量都呈增多趋势,但存在南北差异,南岸降水明显多于北岸,但北岸较南岸增多幅度明显.②两岸春、冬季降水都呈增多趋势,北岸较南岸增多幅度明显.③两岸夏季降水呈增多趋势,南岸增多幅度明显高...     

夏季太湖表面辐射和能量通量特征观测分析

利用太湖表面2012年6~8月的辐射和湍流通量观测资料,分析了太湖夏季晴天辐射平衡和能量平衡各组分的日变化特征。结果表明:12012年夏季晴天太湖表面向下、向上短波辐射和向下、向上长波辐射日平均值分别为282.6、19.5、425.8、478.6 W/m2,反照率日平均值为0.05;2夏季晴天净辐射、感热通量、潜热通量和热储项日平均值分别为210.3、3.8、121.8、5.7 W/m2;3夏季晴天感热通量白天为负最小值为-13.4 W/m2,夜间为正最大值为17.3 W/m2。潜热通量晴天白天最大值达到216.6 W/m2,是能量平衡分配的主导;与陆地下垫面不同的是,夜间潜热通量仍保持正值。热储项白天为正,夜间为负,约60%的能量以潜热的形式消耗。天气过程出现时,湖体稳定的正温层被打破,累积热储项急剧减少。